Romanesque Art: Pilgrimage and the Crusades

Transcript

1. Romanesque  Art:     Pilgrimage  and  the  Crusades   Reading   Stokstad,  459-­‐493.     Range   1000-­‐1150   Romanesque     Terms/Concepts   pilgrimage,  relic,  reliquary,  bodily   relic,  contact  relic,  idols,  idolatry,   martyr,  saint,  pilgrim,  absoluCon,   pilgrimage  plan,  furtum  sacrum   (furta  sacra),  peregrini,  crusades.     Monument  List:     16-­‐7,  Reliquary  statue  of  Sainte   Foy  (St.  Faith),  Conques,  France,     9th-­‐10th  centuries.       16-­‐5,  Transept,  Cathedral,   SanCago  de  Compostela,   1078-­‐1122.         483,  Giselbertus  (?),  Last   Judgment  Tympanum,  Autun   Cathedral,  1120-­‐1130,  or   1130-­‐1145.     Not  in  Book,  Tympanum,  Ste.   Madeleine,  Vezelay,  France,   1120-­‐1132.  
4. 10˚ 0˚ 40˚ Paris Tours Orléans Conques Rome Naples Anagni Catania Palma de Mallorca Pisa Ferrara Trieste Roscoff Cluny Cologne Nantes Syracuse Cahors Zamora Lisbon Seville Cartagena Nantes Barcelona Palermo Winchester Bury St Edmunds Canterbury Amalfi Maiori Monte Cassino Carcassonne Monte Sant’ Angelo Genoa Chartres Poitiers St Jean d’Angély Saintes Silos Moissac St Gilles-du-Gard Arles St Guilhem le Desert Toulouse Avilés Salerno Atrani Venice Santiago de Compostela Vézelay Kermaria Chatelaudren Limoges Périgueux Le Puy León Bordeaux Roncesvalles Puente-la-Reina A T L A N T I C O C E A N A D R I A T I C S E A P Y R EN E E S A L P S M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A A F R I C A N 0 0 250 miles 350 kms 2 Trade and Artistic Influence major pilgrimage route city on pilgrimage route with major site movements of artistic style stylistic influence from the Holy Land movement of Arab gold and gems centre for trade of gems and bone centre for import of alabaster from England bronze doors from Constantinople SOU in Germany. A major confrontation developed CRUSADES AND ISLAM order to keep t Muslim contro and good cont opened up new artistic exchan Saint James fus that of the Reco Spain. Between Córdoba was a Despite this co enjoyed cultur TRADE AND A Mediterranean From the Islam were imported towns like Gen trading centres the south and
5. RepresentaCon  of  a   typical  pilgrim.   Floppy  hat  with   scalloped  shell   Shabby  tunic   Walking  sCck/ staff   PracCcal  boots  
7. lSantiagoz is Spanish for St. James
10. entrance
12. France   Town  
13. Lantern   Transept  
14. Nave  
15. radiating chapels radiating chapels radiating chapels radiating chapels
16. Windows with rounded arches permit light to enter.
17. entrance westwork Each  radiaCng  chapel  contains  some  kind  of   relic  or  holy  image.   San2ago   (St.  James)  
18. Reliquary  
19. Thought  to  be  where  the   boat  carrying  the  saint  body   docked,  but  actually   dedicated  to  a  Roman  god.  
23. Main  Entrance   Transept   Apse  and  Chapels  
24. Apse   Chapel   Chapel   Chapel   Chapel  
25. Entrance  
27. Tympanum  
28.             Christ  in  Majesty             Good                                    Wicked                           Hell                           Heaven  
33. Hell  Mouth   Ammut  the  Devourer,  The  Book  of  the  Dead  of   Hunefer   Ladder  of  Divine  Ascent,   St.  Catherine’s,  Mt.  Sinai  
35. Scales   Monastery  of  Ste.  Foy,  Conques,  France,  11th  and  12th  Century.  
36. Heaven   Hell  
39.           Ste.  Foy  (St.  Faith)  being  blessed  by  the  “Hand  of  God”  
40. Furtum  Sacrum  =     “Sacred  Thee”  
41. St.  Madeleine  =  Mary  Magdalene  
42. At  first,  the  crusades  were  referred   to  with  the  same  language  as   pilgrimage.  
47. People  of  the  World   People  of  the  World                         Zodiac  and  the  Labors  of  the  Seasons                                   Christ  and  apostles  
48. Rays  of  Holy  Power  
49. Gemini   Cancer   Threshing  Hay  
50. Pygmy/Dwarf   Big-­‐eared  People  
52. Reliquary  of  Ste.   Madeleine  
57. CriCcal  Thinking  QuesCons   1.  How  is  the  relaConship  between  monasteries   and  their  royal  benefactors  complicated?   2.  What  is  the  relaConship  between  monasteries   and  pilgrimage?   3.  How  did  relics  funcCon  in  the  devoConal   pracCces  in  Western  European  ChrisCanity?       4.  What  is  the  so-­‐called  “Pilgrimage  Plan”?    What   funcCon  does  it  serve  in  some  Romanesque   churches?   5.  What  does  furtum  sacrum  mean?    Why  is  it   important?    How  is  it  jusCfied?