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脆弱性発見者の目から見た、脆弱性対応の最前線
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MUNEAKI NISHIMURA
December 01, 2016
Technology
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脆弱性発見者の目から見た、脆弱性対応の最前線
Internet Week 2016の講演資料です。
MUNEAKI NISHIMURA
December 01, 2016
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Transcript
੬ऑੑൃݟऀͷ͔Βݟͨɺ੬ऑੑରԠͷ࠷લઢ גࣜձࣾϦΫϧʔτςΫϊϩδʔζ αΠόʔηΩϡϦςΟΤϯδχΞϦϯά෦ ଜ फߊ
ଜ फߊ גࣜձࣾϦΫϧʔτςΫϊϩδʔζ αΠόʔηΩϡϦςΟΤϯδχΞϦϯά෦ γχΞηΩϡϦςΟΤϯδχΞ ࠃܞଳిϝʔΧʔͰͷηΩϡϦςΟίϯαϧλϯτ ͳͲΛܦ݄ͯΑΓݱ৬ɻϦΫϧʔτͷ*%ཧج ൫ͷηΩϡϦςΟอकϦΫϧʔτάϧʔϓશࣾͷ੬ऑ ੑमਖ਼ࢧԉʹܞΘΔɻझຯϒϥβͷ੬ऑੑΛ୳͢͜ ͱɻʹใࠂͨ͠੬ऑੑ݅Λ͑Δɻஶॻʹ
ϒϥβϋοΫʢ༁ʣɻओͳߨԋྺʹ$0%& #-6& ɺ"750,:0 ɺ1BD4FD ɻΑΓ ηΩϡϦςΟɾΩϟϯϓશࠃେձߨࢣ
੬ऑੑ͕େ͖ ؆୯ʹݴ͏ͱ
ຊͷ͓ • ੬ऑੑΛ୳࢝͠Ίͨཧ༝ͱଓ͚Δཧ༝ • ੬ऑੑΛݟ͚ͭΔͨΊʹ࣮ફ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ • ൃݟऀͷ͔Βݟͨ੬ऑੑରԠͷݱ • ϦΫϧʔτʹ͓͚Δ੬ऑੑରԠ •
·ͱΊ
੬ऑੑΛ୳࢝͠Ίͨཧ༝ͱଓ͚Δཧ༝
͖͔͚ͬͷηΩϡϦςΟɾΩϟϯϓ • Ϋϥεͷ୩ཅհࢯ͔ΒϑϥϯΫʹߨࢣͷґཔ͕དྷͨ
ηΩϡϦςΟɾΩϟϯϓͱ • ࣍Λ୲͏ηΩϡϦςΟਓࡐͷൃ۷ͱҭΛ తͱͨ͠ຽ࿈ܞࣄۀ - *1"ͱࣾͷڠࢍاۀ͔ΒͳΔ࣮ࢪڠٞձ͕ओ࠵ - ܦࡁ࢈ۀল͕ڞ࠵ - ࠓͰ
• ധɺே͔Β൩·ͰηΩϡϦςΟ௮͚ͷ߹॓ - શࠃ໊ͷԠืऀ͔Βબൈ͞Ε໊͕ͨࢀՃ - ֤ྖҬͷҰઢͰ׆༂͢Δٕज़ऀਞ͕ߨࢣΛ୲
҆қʹҾ͖ड͚ͨͷͷɾɾɾ • ࣗҎ֎༗໊ͳߨࢣਞ - ॻళωοτͷηΩϡϦςΟ࿈ࡌهࣄͳͲͰΑ໊͘લΛݟΔਓͨͪ - (PPHMFͷ੬ऑੑใࠂ݅ͰੈքҐͷਓ • $5'ະ౿ͳͲଟํ໘Ͱ׆༂͢Δνϡʔλʔ •
શࠃ͔Βબͼൈ͔ΕͨԠืऀୡ • ຊʹ͕ࣗߨࢣͰྑ͔ͬͨͷ͔ʁ - ࣗͷ࣮ྗΛ٬؍తʹଌΔखஈ͕ཉ͔ͬͨ͠ - ڭ͑Δࢿ͕֨͋Δ͔Λ͔֬Ί͔ͨͬͨ
ͦ͜Ͱɺ'JSFGPYϒϥβͷ੬ऑੑใ੍ۚઓ • ੈքதͷϓϨʔϠʔΑΓઌʹ੬ऑੑΛݟ͚ͭग़͢ڝ૪ • ֫ಘͨ͠ใۚͷֹͰ࣮ྗΛՄࢹԽͰ͖Δ • ੬ऑੑΛݟ͚ͭΒΕͳ͚ΕɺߨࢣΛࣙୀ͠Α͏ͱߟ͍͑ͯͨ • ϲ݄ͷۤΛܦͯ੬ऑੑΛൃݟʂ
੬ऑੑ୳͠Λͯ͠ಘͨͷ • ͪΖΜใۚ - ͜Ε·Ͱʹ ສԁҎ্ - Ͱɺ࠷ॳʹखʹͨ͠ใۚͰࣗసंΛങͬͨΒɺۚમཉ͕ࣦͤͯ͠·ͬͨ • ηΩϡϦςΟΤϯδχΞͱͯ͠ͷجૅྗ
- ղͳ༷ίʔυ͔ΒΛഎ͚ͣʹಡΈղ͘ྗ - ࢥ͍ࠐΈΛࣺͯɺࣄΛࣗͷखͰݕূ͢Δྗ
੬ऑੑΛ୳͠ଓ͚Δཧ༝ • ॅϩʔϯΛฦͨ͢Ί - ඪࡀ·Ͱʹࡁ - Ք͍࣮ͩײͷͳ͍ใۚɺआΓ࣮ͨײͷͳ͍ϩʔϯͱ૬ੑ͕͍͍ • ٕज़ྗͷҡ্࣋ͷͨΊ -
༷ίʔυΛѱ༻ํ๏Λߟ͑Δश׳Λ͚͓ͭͯ͘ͱɺ ۀͰݕࠪϨϏϡʔ͢Δͱ͖ʹ߈ܸํ๏͕ર͖͘͢ͳΔ - ଞͷൃݟऀ։ൃऀͱग़ձ͍ɺ৽ͨͳ߈ܸͷํΛֶͿ
੬ऑੑΛݟ͚ͭΔͨΊʹ࣮ફ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ
طͷ੬ऑੑʹֶͿ • աڈͷ੬ऑੑใΛௐΔ • ߈ܸίʔυΛ࡞࣮ͬͯࡍʹݕূ͢Δ - վमͷޡΓͳͲ͕ݪҼͰɺաڈͷ੬ऑੑ͕࠶ൃ͢Δ - ࠶ར༻Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹɺ࡞ͨ͠߈ܸίʔυΛอଘ͓ͯ͘͠ •
ྨࣅͷ੬ऑੑΛ୳͢ - աڈʹ੬ऑੑ͕ࢦఠ͞ΕͨػೳɺͦΕͱΑ͘ࣅͨػೳ - લఏ݅Λগ͠ม͑ͯɺಉ͡߈ܸίʔυΛࢼ͢
طͷ੬ऑੑʹֶͿ $41ҧϨϙʔτ࣮ෆඋͷࣄྫ • .P[JMMBͷηΩϡϦςΟΞυόΠβϦ͔Βաڈͷ੬ऑੑใΛೖख https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/
طͷ੬ऑੑʹֶͿ $41ҧϨϙʔτ࣮ෆඋͷࣄྫ • ݄ɺ$POUFOU4FDVSJUZ1PMJDZʢ$41ʣͷҧϨϙʔτػೳΛ௨ͯ͡ ଞͷαΠτͷใΛ౪ΊΔ͜ͱΛ*/3*"ͷݚڀऀ͕ࢦఠʢ$7&ʣ https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2012-53/
طͷ੬ऑੑʹֶͿ $41ҧϨϙʔτ࣮ෆඋͷࣄྫ • ݄ɺߴԽͷͨΊʹ$41ͷ࣮ΛϦϑΝΫλϦϯάͨ͠ࡍɺ ಉ͡੬ऑੑ͕࠶ൃʢ$7&ʣ https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2014-86/
طͷ੬ऑੑʹֶͿ $41ҧϨϙʔτ࣮ෆඋͷࣄྫ • ݄ɺJGSBNFͷϖʔδͰ$41ʹҧ͢ΔॲཧΛߦ͏͜ͱʹΑΓ ྨࣅͷ੬ऑੑ͕࠶ݱʢ$7&ʣ https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-18/
༷ʹֶͿ • *&5'8$ͷ༷ॻΛͻͨ͢ΒಡΉ - ෳͷ༷Λ͋ΘͤಡΉͱɺ༷ͷൈ͚࿙Ε͕ݟ͑ͯ͘Δ • ༷ॻͷ4FDVSJUZ$POTJEFSBUJPOT͔Β߈ܸͷ؍ΛಘΔ - ϒϥβͷதͰى͖͍͚ͯͳ͍͜ͱ͕͔Δ •
ػೳ͕༷Ͳ͓Γʹ࣮͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔ݕূ͢Δ - ༷ʹॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔࢪࡦ͕࣮͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋Δ
༷ʹֶͿ r )5.-*NQPSUTͷ࣮ෆඋͷࣄྫ • 3'$ Ͱ$POUFOU%JTQPTJUJPOͱ͍͏)551ϔομ͕ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ - $POUFOU%JTQPTJUJPOBUUBDINFOU͕)551Ϩεϙϯεʹࢦఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔ߹ɺ ϒϥβͦͷίϯςϯπΛ։͔ͣɺμϯϩʔυͤ͞ͳ͚ΕͳΒͳ͍ •
$POUFOU%JTQPTJUJPOͷແࢹ੬ऑੑͱͯ͠ѻΘΕΔ - 'JSFGPYɿ$7&ɺ$7& - 4BGBSJɿ$7&ɺ$7&
༷ʹֶͿ r )5.-*NQPSUTͷ࣮ෆඋͷࣄྫ • $ISPNFͷ)5.-*NQPSUT͕$POUFOU%JTQPTJUJPOΛແࢹ͢Δ͜ͱΛ ։ൃݩͷ(PPHMFʹใࠂʢ*TTVFʣ • ͜ΕΛड͚ɺ8$ͷ༷ʹ$POUFOU%JTQPTJUJPOͷهड़͕Ճ͞Εͨ https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-html-imports-20160225/
աڈʹݟ͚༷ͭͨͷ࣮ෆඋʢൈਮʣ • $ISPNFͷ$41ҧϨϙʔτͷૹ৴ઌ͕CBTFͰ੍ޚͰ͖Δ IUUQTDSCVHDPN • $ISPNFͷ4FSWJDF8PSLFST͕JGSBNFTBOECPYͰಈ࡞͢Δ IUUQTDSCVHDPN • 'JSFGPYͷ3FGFSSFS1PMJDZ͕৽͍͠λϒͰ։͍ͨࡍʹޮ͔ͳ͍ IUUQTMJTUTXPSH"SDIJWFT1VCMJDQVCMJDXFCBQQTFD"QSIUNM
• 'JSFGPYͷ#SPBEDBTU$IBOOFM"1*͕ϓϥΠόγʔϞʔυ͔Β ௨ৗϞʔυͷΟϯυʹ௨͞ΕΔ IUUQTCVH[JMMBNP[JMMBPSHTIPX@CVHDHJ JE • 'JSFGPYͷ'FUDI"1*Ͱ)PTU$PPLJFϦΫΤετϔομ͕ࢦఆͰ͖Δ IUUQTCVH[JMMBNP[JMMBPSHTIPX@CVHDHJ JE
ൃݟऀͷ͔Βݟͨ੬ऑੑରԠͷݱ
ϒϥβϕϯμʔͷ੬ऑੑରԠ • ੬ऑੑͷରԠํϕϯμʔʹΑͬͯେ͖͘ҟͳΔ • ϦϞʔτίʔυ࣮ߦʢ3$&ʣͷ੬ऑੑॏࢹͯ͠मਖ਼͞ΕΔҰํɺ αϯυϘοΫεόΠύεʢಉҰੜݩϙϦγʔͷᷖճͳͲʣͷରԠ Թײ͕ϕϯμʔʹΑͬͯҟͳΔ - $ISPNFͱ'JSFGPYɿ੬ऑੑใ੍ۚͷରɻ௨ৗʙϲ݄Ҏʹमਖ਼ -
4BGBSJɿใ੍ۚͷର֎ɻҎ্मਖ਼͞Εͳ͍͜ͱ
'JSFGPYͷ੬ऑੑରԠ • ಁ໌ੑ͕ߴ͍ - मਖ਼͕ϦϦʔε͞ΕΔ·ͰͷաఔΛඇެ։ઃఆͷ#VH[JMMBͰͰ͖Δ - ਂࠁͷஅཧ༝Λઆ໌ͯ͘͠ΕΔ - ଞͷ୭͔ͱಉ͡੬ऑੑʢ%VQMJDBUFEʣΛใࠂ͢Δͱɺͦ͏அͨ͠ূڌͱͯ͠ɺ ඇެ։ઃఆʹͳ͍ͬͯΔಉ͡੬ऑੑͷ#VH[JMMBͷΞΫηεݖΛΒ͑Δ
• ରԠ͕ૣ͍ - ਂࠁͷߴ͍ͷʙ͔݄Ͱमਖ਼ - ਂࠁͳ੬ऑੑۓٸΞοϓσʔτͰमਖ਼
'JSFGPYͷ੬ऑੑରԠ ূ໌ॻݕূόΠύεͷ੬ऑੑࣄྫ • 'JSFGPYͰࡌ͞Εͨݟ҉߸Λ༻͍ͯɺ)5514ͷαʔόূ໌ॻݕূ ͱެ։伴ϐϯχϯάΛᷖճͰ͖Δ੬ऑੑʢ$7&ʣΛใࠂ • ޙɺ'JSFGPY͕ۓٸϦϦʔε https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/current-activity/2015/04/06/Mozilla-Releases-Security-Update-Firefox
ຊͷ੬ऑੑ૭ޱ • *1"ͷ੬ऑੑؔ࿈ใͷಧग़ड੍ - ಧग़͔Β࠷ॳͷԠ·Ͱʹϲ݄ - ୲ऀʹࢦఠ༰Λཧղͯ͠͏·Ͱʹ Կ͔ΓऔΓ͕ଓ͘ - ݁Ռͱͯ͠ɺӈਤʮʯ·Ͱͷ͕ؒظԽ
https://www.ipa.go.jp/files/000052737.pdf
*1"ͷ੬ऑੑ૭ޱ r "QBDIF$PSEPWBͷ੬ऑੑࣄྫ • "QBDIF$PSEPWBͷҙϓϥάΠϯ࣮ߦͷ੬ऑੑʢ $7&ʣ - ѱҙͷ͋ΔαΠτΛ։͚ͩ͘ͰɺΞϓϦͷػೳΛѱ༻͞ΕΔ੬ऑੑɻ ใࠂͷࡍɺσϞͱͯ͠εϚϗͷిாΛվ͟Μ͢ΔίʔυΛૹ -
ϲ݄ޙɺ*1"͔Βిா͕վ͟Μ͞ΕΔ͜ͱͷͲ͕͜੬ऑੑͳͷ͔ʁͱ͍͏࣭ - ͜ͷ࣌Ͱɺ+1$&35$$ʹ࿈བྷ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯͳ͍ https://jvn.jp/jp/JVN41772178/
ൃݟऀ͔Βͷ͓ئ͍ • ରԠͷঢ়گΛఆظతʹڞ༗ͯ͠ཉ͍͠ - ରԠྃ·ͰҰ࿈བྷͷདྷͳ͍૭ޱ͕ଟ͍ - Ҏ্Ի৴ෆ௨ͷࣄྫ͋Δ • ঢ়گ͕͔Βͳ͍ͱൃݟऀෆ҆ʹͳΔ -
ใࠂͷํ͕ޡ͍ͬͯͨͷͰͳ͍͔ʢӈਤʣ - ૣ͘͠ͳ͍ͱ੬ऑੑ͕ѱ༻͞ΕΔͷͰͳ͍͔ • मਖ਼લͷ੬ऑੑ͕ެද͞ΕΔڪΕ - ใࠂΛແࢹ͞Εͨͱײͨ͡ൃݟऀౖ͕ͬͯ࿐ - ެදʹΑΓमਖ਼Λଅͦ͏ͱ͢Δൃݟऀ ˞גࣜձࣾϨϐμϜ ྛࢯͷߨԋࢿྉΑΓҾ༻
ϦΫϧʔτʹ͓͚Δ੬ऑੑରԠ
ϦΫϧʔτʹ͓͚Δ੬ऑੑରԠͷجຊํ • ੬ऑੑରԠ֤ࣄۀͰ࣮ࢪ - ۓٸੑͷߴ͍੬ऑੑͷΈɺ$4*35͔Β֤ࣄۀରԠΛґཔ • ੬ऑੑใͷऩूͱਂࠁͷධՁΛ$4*35Ͱ࣮ࢪ - ࢲΛؚΊਓͷٕज़ऀ͕࣋ͪճΓͰ୲
Ұൠతͳ੬ऑੑใఏڙαʔϏεͷ՝ • ใ৴ͷλΠϜϥά - ։ൃݩʹΑΔใެ։͔ΒఔͷԆ • ใͷཏੑ - $7&ͷׂΓͯΒΕ͍ͯͳ͍੬ऑੑͳͲʹൈ͚ •
ࣗࣾڥͱҰக͠ͳ͍ਂࠁධՁ - $744੬ऑੑ͕࠷େݶʹѱ༻͞ΕͨલఏͰݟੵΒΕΔ͕͋Γɺ ࣗࣾʹ͓͚ΔਂࠁͱҰக͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋Δ
ͦ͜ͰɺࣗࣾͰ੬ऑੑใͷऩूͱධՁ͕ඞཁ • ใల։ͷૣظԽ - ੬ऑੑͷҰ࣍ใΛపఈऩू - +1$&35$$ͷૣظܯռύʔτφʔγοϓΛ௨ͯ͡ɺެදલͷ੬ऑੑใΛೖख • ཏੑͷ্ -
ࠃ֎ͷηΩϡϦςΟใൃ৴ऀΛ5XJUUFSͰϑΥϩʔ - +1$&35$$ͷૣظܯռใΛ༻͍ͯɺใͷऩू࿙ΕΛݮ • ࣗࣾڥʹج͍ͮͨ੬ऑੑධՁ - ੬ऑੑΛ$4*35Ͱղੳ͠ɺ߈ܸͷқࣗࣾͰੜ͡͏ΔඃΛධՁ
ใల։ͷૣظԽ • ߈ܸ͕དྷΔલʹɺใͷऩूɺධՁɺରԠࢧԉΛऴΘΒͤΔඞཁ͕͋Δ - ͷ4IFMMTIPDLͷΑ͏ʹใ͕ެ։͞Εͨཌ͔Β߈ܸ͕؍ଌ͞Εͨࣄྫ ੬ऑੑใެ։ ߈ܸίʔυ࡞ ߈ܸ׆ಈ ใऩू ղੳͱධՁ
ରԠࢧԉ ੬ऑੑͷղੳ ߈ܸऀ $4*35
ใల։ͷૣظԽ • ͭͷใܦ࿏ΛΈ߹ΘͤͯɺใऩूͷૣظԽͱཏੑΛٻ - ೋ࣍ใͰใΛಘͨͷɺҰ࣍ใͰऩूͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹϑΟʔυόοΫ ੬ऑੑใެ։ +1$&35$$ ૣظܯռύʔτφʔγοϓ Ұ࣍ใ ೋ࣍ใ
+1$&35$$ ૣظܯռใ • ެ։લͷ੬ऑੑใ • ֤छ344.- • ։ൃݩͷ8FCαΠτ • 5XJUUFS • ֤छχϡʔεαΠτ • ຖ༦ํʹདྷΔ ΞφϦετϊʔτ
ใల։ͷૣظԽ r (IPTUTDSJQUͷ੬ऑੑࣄྫ ࣌ ঢ়گ ݄ (IPTUTDSJQUͷ։ൃݩʹ੬ऑੑͷߘʢ࣮ূίʔυ͋Γʣ ݄ 0444FDVSJUZ.-Ͱ$7&࠾൪ ݄
ࠃͷ੬ऑੑใαʔϏεʹใܝࡌ ݄ .FUBTQMPJUͷ(JU)VCʹͯຊ੬ऑੑͷ߈ܸίʔυΛ֬ೝ ݄ +1$&35$$ΑΓૣظܯռύʔτφʔγοϓใ৴ ݄ +1$&35$$ΑΓૣظܯռใ৴ • (IPTUTDSJQUʹ͓͚ΔϦϞʔτίʔυ࣮ߦͷ੬ऑੑʢ$7&ʣ ͜ͷ࣌Ͱ֤ࣄۀʹ ۓٸରԠΛґཔ
ࣗࣾڥʹج͍ͮͨ੬ऑੑධՁ • ެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔ$744ΛӏವΈʹ͠ͳ͍ - Өڹ͠ͳ͍੬ऑੑͷରԠʹ֤ࣄۀͷΛׂ͘͜ͱʹͳΔ - ࣗࣾڥʹ͓͚ΔӨڹΛٕज़తʹஅ • ՄೳͳݶΓमਖ਼ύονͷιʔείʔυΛ֬ೝ -
߈ܸͷ༰қੑΛਪଌͰ͖Δ - Ճ͞Εͨςετέʔείϛοτϝοηʔδʹ߈ܸίʔυؚ͕·ΕΔ͜ͱ • ߈ܸπʔϧͷ։ൃϦϙδτϦΛࢹͯ͠߈ܸͷՄೳੑΛஅ - .FUBTQMPJUͷ(JU)VCʹ߈ܸίʔυ͕ଓʑͱू·Δ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNSBQJENFUBTQMPJUGSBNFXPSLQVMMT
ࣗࣾڥʹج͍ͮͨ੬ऑੑධՁ • ηΩϡϦςΟٕज़ऀ͕ू·Δ4MBDLίϛϡχςΟͷ׆༻ - ॴଐ৫ͷนΛ͑ͯ੬ऑੑͷղੳঢ়گΛڞ༗ - ηΧϯυΦϐχΦϯతʹ׆༻͠ɺղੳͷޡΓΛ͙
ϝτϦΫε ߈ܸϕΫλ ωοτϫʔΫ ߈ܸͷෳࡶ͞ ʹ؆୯ ೝূͷཁ൱ ೝূͳ͠ ػີੑͷӨڹ શ໘త
શੑͷӨڹ શ໘త Մ༻ੑͷӨڹ શ໘త ࣗࣾڥʹج͍ͮͨ੬ऑੑධՁ r $7& • 0QFO44-ʹ͓͚ΔϝϞϦૢ࡞ͷෆඋͷ੬ऑੑ • /*45ධՁͷ$744ϕʔε - ϝϞϦഁյܥͷ੬ऑੑͷඃ௨ৗαʔϏεɻ ϝϞϦͷյ͠ํ࣍ୈͰϦϞʔτίʔυ࣮ߦͱͳΔ - ߈ܸͷෳࡶ͞ʢʣαʔϏεΛલఏʹ ݟੵΒΕ͍ͯΔҰํɺӨڹʢશ໘తʣ ϦϞʔτίʔυ࣮ߦΛલఏͱ͍ͯ͠Δ • 0QFO44-ͷΞυόΠβϦʢҰ࣍ใʣͰ - 8FCαʔόϩʔυόϥϯα͕)5514௨৴࣌ʹ ༻͢ΔMJCTTMʹӨڹ͠ͳ͍ /*45ͷ$744WϕʔεείΞ Ұ࣍ใΑΓۓٸରԠෆཁͱஅ
ࣗࣾڥʹج͍ͮͨ੬ऑੑධՁ r $7& • Bind9におけるサービス妨害の脆弱性 ࣌ ঢ়گ ݄ ։ൃݩ͔Β੬ऑੑใެ։ɻ։ൃϦϙδτϦʹमਖ਼ύον͋Γɻ ղੳͷ݁Ռɺ%/4ϦΫΤετൃͰ%/4αʔόΛ
མͱͤΔ͜ͱ͕໌ɻۓٸରԠΛ࣮ࢪ ݄ .FUBTQMPJUͷ(JU)VCʹ߈ܸίʔυͷଘࡏΛ֬ೝ ݄ ओཁαʔϏεʹ͓͍ͯύονద༻ྃ ݄ ܯிΑΓɺຊ੬ऑੑΛѱ༻ͨ͠ແࠩผͳ߈ܸ׆ಈ͕ ࢹ͞Εͨͱͷҙשى
༧ఆ͍ͯ͠ΔऔΓΈ • ใऩूͷޮԽ - 5XJUUFSʹΑΔใऩूʢຖʙ࣌ؒʣͷஔ͖͑Λݕ౼த • ߈ܸ׆ಈͷใऩूΛڧԽ - ֤ࠃͷ߈ܸൃੜঢ়گΛऩू -
߈ܸͷൃੜঢ়گʹԠͯ͡ɺ͔ʹରԠͷԹײΛม͑Δ • ֤αʔϏεͷߏʹԠͨ͡ରԠґཔ - αʔόߏίϯϑΟάϨʔγϣϯͳͲΛৄࡉʹѲ͠ɺ ֎෦͔Β߈ܸΛड͚ΔՄೳੑʹԠͯ͡ରԠͷԹײΛ͚Δ
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·ͱΊ • ۀͱݸਓͷ׆ಈͷγφδʔΛڧԽ͍͖͍ͤͯͨ͞ - ۀͰ੬ऑੑΛղੳ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ੬ऑੑΛݟ͚ͭΔྗ͕ͭ͘ - ݸਓͷ׆ಈͰ੬ऑੑΛݟ͚ͭΔྗΛʹ͚ͭͯɺࣗࣾͷηΩϡϦςΟ্࣭ʹߩݙ