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GIS学会_Web地図と著作権

Satoshi IIDA
October 16, 2016

 GIS学会_Web地図と著作権

2016年のGIS学会特別セッション「オープンデータ時代の地理空間情報の利用を考える」でお話させていただいた内容です。

https://sites.google.com/site/foss4gsig/gisa25th_special_session

Satoshi IIDA

October 16, 2016
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  1. WEB஍ਤͱσʔλ ▸ 3ͭͷߏ੒ཁૉ ▸ ϒϥ΢βͰͷදࣔ༻JavaScriptϥΠϒϥϦ ▸ ϑϩϯτΤϯυ ▸ GoogleMaps API,

    Leaflet, OpenLayers ▸ දࣔର৅ͱͳΔσʔλʢը૾λΠϧɺ͋Δ͍͸ϕΫτϧλΠϧʣ ▸ όοΫΤϯυ ▸ GoogleMap, ஍ཧӃ஍ਤ, OpenStreetMap…etc…. ▸ σʔλΛ࡞ΔͨΊͷݩσʔλ ▸ ֤ࣾอ༗ͷ஍ਤσʔλɺج൫஍ਤ৘ใɺOpenStreetMap Planet DB …etc… →“஍ਤ”ͱ͍͏ݴ༿Λ࢖͏ࡍʹ͸ɺͦͷ୯ޠ͕ͲͷϨΠϠͷ͜ͱΛࢦ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ ໌֬ʹҙࣝ͠ͳ͍ͱɺٞ࿦͕ࠞཚ͠·͢
  2. “ϥΠϒϥϦ”ͱ“σʔλ”͸୭ͷ΋ͷʁ ▸ ϥΠϒϥϦͷॴ༗ऀʢݖརऀ or Open Source Toolʣ ▸ σʔλͷॴ༗ऀʢݖརऀ or

    Open Dataʣ ▸ ஶ࡞ݖɺॴ༗ݖ ▸ ͠͹͠͹ɺαʔϏεͷॴ༗ऀʹΑΔҰݩԽͨ͠ن໿͕ઃఆ͞ΕΔ ʢGoogle Maps, Yahoo!஍ਤͳͲʣ ▸ ঎༻αʔϏεͷ৔߹͸͠͹͠͹ɺن໿ʹΑͬͯϥΠϒϥϦͱσʔλ ͷʮॴ༗ʯͰ͸ͳ͘ʮར༻ʯΛڐ୚͢Δ
  3. ঎༻ൢച෺ϕʔε ▸ Google MapsɺApple MapsͳͲ ▸ ϕʔεʹ͍ͯ͠Δσʔλ͸ɺੈքதͷ֤஍ਤձ͕ࣾ࡞੒ ▸ ྫ͑͹೔ຊͰ͸ɺθϯϦϯࣾͳͲ ▸

    αʔϏεͷར༻ن໿ͷ੍ݶ͕େ͖Ί ▸ ҰఆҎ্ͷΞΫηεྔ΍ɺجຊతͳ࢖͍ํҎ্ͷར༻͸༗ྉɺͷ৔߹͕ଟ͍
  4. OPENSTREETMAP ▸ ӳࠃOpenStreetMap Foundation͕ਐΊΔϓϩδΣΫτ ▸ ࣗ༝ͳϥΠηϯεʢσʔλ͸ODbL, λΠϧ͸CC-BY-SA 2.0ʣͰͷ഑෍ ▸ ݪయදهͱɺ࠶഑෍࣌ͷಉϥΠηϯεద༻͕ඞཁ

    ▸ ੜͷGISσʔλͱͯ͠΋࢖͑Δͱ͜Ζ͕ಛ௃ ▸ λΠϧͷར༻ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺʮλΠϧར༻ن໿ʯΛࢀর ▸ େྔͷΞΫηε͸ආ͚͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻɻɻ
  5. ͦ΋ͦ΋कΒͳ͖Ό͍͚ͳ͍΋ͷͳͷʁ ▸ ʮར༻ن໿ʯΛकΒͳ͔ͬͨࡍͷར༻ऀ΁ͷӨڹ ▸ ܖ໿ɺ໿׺ɺϥΠηϯεɺར༻ن໿ʢTerm of Useʣ ▸ ར༻ن໿ʹʮϧʔϧΛकΕ͹ɺ΢νͷఉͰ༡ΜͰ͍͍Αʯͱ͍͏ಉҙ ▸

    ʮϧʔϧΛकΕ͹ʯͳͷͰɺकΒͳ͔ͬͨ৔߹ɺ஫ҙ͞ΕΔ͔ɺ௥͍ग़͞Ε·͢ ▸ ஶ࡞ݖͷҧ൓Ͱ͸ͳ͍৔߹͕͋ΔͷͰɺ͢΂ͯ๏తʹࡋ͔ΕΔ͜ͱ͸ͳ͍ͱࢥ͍·͕͢ɺগͳ͘ͱ΋ɺ ͦͷαʔϏε͸ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͘ͳΓ·͢ɻ ▸ গͳ͘ͱ΋ɺ๏ਓ૊৫ɾஂମͷ৔߹ɺίϯϓϥΠΞϯεతʹ΋ྑ͍ঢ়ଶͰ͸ͳ͍ɻ ▸ ʮͪΐͬͱ͚ͩͳΒ͍͍͡ΌΜʯ ▸ ϑΣΞϢʔεͷཁٻͰ͢ͶΘ͔Γ·͢ ▸ ࢒೦ͳ͕Βɺ೔ຊͷஶ࡞ݖ๏Ͱ͸ϑΣΞϢʔε৚߲͕͋Γ·ͤΜɻɻ ▸ औΓక·Γͷίετ͕ߴ͍ͨΊʹτϥοΫ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɺͰ͖ͯͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏ଆ໘΋͋Γ·͢
  6. ஶ࡞ݖͱར༻ن໿ͷڝ߹ ▸ ʮஶ࡞ݖʯͱʮར༻ن໿ʯ͸ɺ͠͹͠͹ڝ߹͠·͢ ▸ ྫɿApple Mapsͷར༻ن໿ ▸ ͓٬༷͸ҎԼͷߦҝΛߦͬͯ͸ͳΓ·ͤΜ; ▸ (a)

    ຊαʔϏεΛ௨ͯ͡දࣔ·ͨ͸ఏڙ͞ΕΔஶ࡞ݖදࣔɺ঎ඪ·ͨ͸ͦͷଞ͍͔ͳΔॴ༗ݖ·ͨ͸๏཯্ͷ௨஌ɺॻ໘·ͨ͸ϋ ΠύʔϦϯΫΛ࡟আ͢Δɺෆ໌֬ʹ͢Δɺ·ͨ͸վม͢Δ͜ͱ; ▸ (b) େ༰ྔͷμ΢ϯϩʔυ΋͘͠͸Ϛοϓσʔλ·ͨ͸ը૾ͷೖྗɺ·ͨ͸ຊαʔϏεͷ݁Ռʹجͮ͘σʔλϕʔεͷ࡞੒Λؚ ΉɺຊαʔϏεʹΑͬͯఏڙ͞ΕΔσʔλ·ͨ͸ίϯςϯπͷ͍ͣΕ͔Λɺํ๏ʹ͔͔ΘΒͣɺίϐʔɺ Ҿ༻ɺഇغɺ࠶ར༻ ͢ΔͨΊʹɺຊαʔϏεʹΞΫηε·ͨ͸ར༻͢Δ͜ͱ; ▸ ࠃʢஶ࡞ݖʣʹΑΔݖརͷอޢͱن੍ɺՃ͑ͯɺαʔϏεఏڙऀʹΑΔʮ͜ Ε͸΍Βͳ͍ͰͶʢ΍ͬͨΒౖΔΑʣʯΛ྆ํڞʹຬͨ͠ͳ͕Βͷར༻
  7. WHO RULES? ▸ ୭͕൑அΛߦ͍ɺΨΠυϥΠϯΛ࡞Δͷ͔ʁ ▸ ֶऀʹݸਓɺͱߟ͑ͨ৔߹ɺॴଐ͢Δ૊৫ʁ ▸ ૊৫ͱ͸ɺݸਓ͕ॴଐ͢Δػؔʁ ֶձʁ ϨΠϠʔ͸ෳ਺ଘࡏɻ

    ▸ ۀք͝ͱͷࣗओن੍ϧʔϧɺͱ͍͏ߟ͑ํ΋͋Δ͕ɺ࠷ऴతʹक Δ͔Ͳ͏͔͸ݸਓͳͷͰ͸ʢػ͕ؔͲ͜·ͰΤϯϑΥʔεͰ͖Δʁʣ ▸ ֶज़Ͱ͸ɺΦʔϓϯΞΫηεͱ͍͏ைྲྀ΋͋Δ͜ͱΛ೦಄ʹ
  8. TPPʹΑΔɺஶ࡞ݖͷඇ਌ࠂࡑԽ ▸ ݱࡏͷ೔ຊ๏Ͱ͸ɺஶ࡞ݖͷҧ൓ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺஶ࡞ݖऀ͔Βͷਃཱ͕ͯ͠ඞཁʢ਌ࠂࡑʣ ▸ TPPʹΑͬͯɺஶ࡞ݖͷඇ਌ࠂࡑԽʢஶ࡞ݖऀҎ֎΋ਃཱ͕ͯ͠Ͱ͖Δʣ͕ߦΘΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΔՄ ೳੑ͕͋Δɺͱ͍͏࿩͕͋Γ·͢ ▸ TPP͸͋͘·Ͱ֤ࠃؒͷ߹ҙͰ͋Γɺ͔ͦ͜Βઌʹ֤ࠃͰͷ๏վਖ਼͕ඞཁ ▸ TPP߹ҙʢͱถࠃબڍʣ

    ΛʹΒΈͭͭɺ೔ຊͰͷ๏վਖ਼ɻɻɻʁ ▸ ݱࡏͷͱ͜Ζɺඇ਌ࠂࡑͱͯ͠ਃཱͯ͠Λߦ͏ʹ͸ɺʮܦࡁతͳଛࣦʯΛཱূ͢Δඞཁ͕ ͋Δɺͱ͍͏ํ޲Ͱௐ੔͕ਐΜͰ͍ΔೝࣝͰ͢ ▸ ւ଑൛ରࡦ͕ओͳλʔήοτͰ͢ ▸ ݱࡏɺ੓෎ʹͯஶ࡞ݖ๏ͷվਖ਼͕ߦΘΕΑ͏ͱ͍ͯ͠·͕͢ɺɺɺ
  9. δΦίʔσΟϯά - ॅॴͱ஍໊ ▸ δΦίʔσΟϯάʹΑΔσʔλར༻ΛͲͷΑ͏ʹߟ͑ͯΏ͔͘ ▸ ݩσʔλͱͳΔɺ஍໊΍ॅॴͷ੔උ͕ॏཁ ▸ Google MapsʹΑΔδΦίʔσΟϯά݁Ռ͸ɺGoogle

    Maps APIͱҰॹʹར༻͢Δඞཁ͋Γ ▸ Ͱ͖Ε͹ɺࣗ༝ʹ࢖͑Δσʔλ͕ཉ͍͠ ▸ ੓෎͕ެ։͢Δ “Ґஔࢀর৘ใ” Ͱ͸ɺ൪ʢ֗۠ϕʔεʣͷ୅ද఺ͷ੔උ·Ͱ ▸ ౦ژେֶCSiSʹΑΔαʔϏεɺGeoNLPʢNIIʣͳͲ͋Δ͕ɺͳ͔ͳ͔঎༻αʔϏεϨϕϧͷ඼࣭͸ଘࡏͰ͖ͳ͍ͷ͕࣮৘ ▸ ॅډදࣔॅॴͷϑϩϯςʔδ৘ใʢࠃ౔஍ཧӃ, ॅډදࣔॅॴରԠ۠ըͷΈରԠʣΛར༻͢Ε͹ͳΜͱ͔ɻɻɻʁ ▸ ࠃ౔஍ཧڠձͷൢച͢Δ৘ใ΋ɺஸ໨ɾࣈ·ͰͰ͢ ▸ ஍໊ͷ੔උ͸΋ͬͱ൵ࢂɻɻ ▸ 2008೥ͷ஍໊ू೔ຊ /Gazetteer of Japan ʢࠃ౔஍ཧӃʣఔ౓ʁ ▸ ஍੶ϕʔεͰͷδΦίʔσΟϯάݚڀΛ͍ͨ͠ɺͱ͍͏ݚڀऀ΋ ▸ ๏཯తͳ໰୊ɺϙϦΰϯॏ৺ͷ໰୊ʢ޿େͳ೶஍ɺྛ஍ʹ͓͍ͯॏ৺ͷ୅ද఺Λܝࣔ͞Εͯ΋ࠔΔʣͳͲͳͲ ▸ ͜ΕΒͷ৘ใͷݖརॲཧΛͲ͏ͯ͠Ώ͔͘͸ࠓޙͷ՝୊
  10. ͝ࢀߟ ▸ OpenStreetMapͰ͸ɺݩσʔλͱɺஶ࡞੍࡞෺ʢਤ Խͨ͠஍ਤ, Produced WorkʣΛ໌֬ʹ෼͚͔ͨͨͪ Ͱɺ࢖͍ํʹ͍ͭͯͷCommunity Guideline͕࡞ΒΕ ͍ͯ·͢ ▸

    OSMFެೝͰ֬ఆ߲ͨ͠໨͸ҎԼɻ ▸ ଞͷ࢖͍ํʹ͍ͭͯ΋ݕ౼ͱ֬ఆ͕ਐΜͰ͍·͢ ▸ Regional Cuts ▸ Horizontal Layers ▸ Collective Database ▸ Trivial Transformations ▸ Produced Work ▸ Substantial