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Architecture Components - Lifecycle library
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Masaki Ogata
May 29, 2017
Programming
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2.1k
Architecture Components - Lifecycle library
a slide of architecture components about lifecycle library.
Masaki Ogata
May 29, 2017
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Transcript
CA.apk #3 Google I/O 2017 ใࠂձ @CyberAgent Masaki Ogata ArchitectureComponents
Lifecycle library :)
ࣗݾհ Masaki Ogata CyberAgent, Inc. / AbemaTV, Inc. ogaclejapan @ogaclejapan
New
͍ͭʹ… ॳબ͠·ͨ͠
ॳI/O ŝŦŝŦŝŦŝŦᴸᴸᴸ ƅ㱼ƅ㲇 ƅ㱼ƅ㲇ƅ㱼ƅ)㲇ƅ㱼ƅ)ᴸᴸᴸᴸ!!
Google Keynote
Google Keynote
What’s new for Android TV
Single Codebase, Two Apps with Flutter and Firebase
Google Play Awards
Google Play Awards
None
None
allprojects { repositories { jcenter() maven { url 'https://maven.google.com' }
} } dependencies { compile "android.arch.lifecycle:runtime:1.0.0-alpha1" compile "android.arch.lifecycle:extensions:1.0.0-alpha1" annotationProcessor "android.arch.lifecycle:compiler: 1.0.0-alpha1" } 1. Add the Google Maven repository 2. Add Architecture Components - Lifecycle
Handling Lifecycles
ϥΠϑαΠΫϧΛͭ͜ͱΛࣔ͢ΠϯλϑΣʔε • LifecycleOwner public interface LifecycleOwner { Lifecycle getLifecycle(); }
• LifecycleRegistryOwner (※Temporary) public interface LifecycleRegistryOwner extends LifecycleOwner { @Override LifecycleRegistry getLifecycle(); }
ݱঢ়ͰLifecycleActivity, LifecycleFragment, LifecycleServiceΫϥε͕ϥΠϒϥϦʹ༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ public class LifecycleActivity extends FragmentActivity implements LifecycleRegistryOwner
{ private final LifecycleRegistry mRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this); @Override public LifecycleRegistry getLifecycle() { return mRegistry; } } ※Alpha൛ͩͱAppCompatActivity൛࣮͍ͯ͠ͳ͍
AppCompatActivityͰLifecycleΛࢼ͍ͨ͠ਓࣗલͰ public class LifecycleCompatActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements LifecycleRegistryOwner { private
final LifecycleRegistry mRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this); @Override public LifecycleRegistry getLifecycle() { return mRegistry; } } Ϋϥεͷ࣮ίʔυLifecycleActivityͱશ͘ಉ͡ɻ ͜Ε͚ͩͰࣗಈతʹϥΠϑαΠΫϧʹԠͯͪ͡ΌΜͱಈ͘
ϥΠϑαΠΫϧΛ؍ଌ͢ΔͨΊͷΠϯλϑΣʔε • LifecycleObserver public interface LifecycleObserver { }
ϥΠϑαΠΫϧΛ؍ଌ͢ΔͨΊͷΠϯλϑΣʔε • LifecycleObserver public interface LifecycleObserver { } public class
FooObserver implements LifecycleObserver { @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START) void start() { /* Start something. */ } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) void stop() { /* Stop something. */ } }
͋ͱLifecycleOwnerͷLifecycleΫϥεʹadd͢Δ͚ͩ public class FooActivity extends LifecycleActivity { @Override protected void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ... getLifecycle().addObserver(new FooObserver()); } }
͋ͱLifecycleOwnerͷLifecycleΫϥεʹadd͢Δ͚ͩ public class FooActivity extends LifecycleActivity { @Override protected void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ... getLifecycle().addObserver(new FooObserver()); } } FooActivity: ⇠ onStart [0ms] FooObserver: Start something. FooActivity: ⇢ onResume() ... FooActivity: ⇠ onPause [0ms] FooObserver: Stop something. FooActivity: ⇢ onStop() ActivityͷϥΠϑαΠΫϧʹϩά ΛࠐΜͰ࣮ߦͯ͠ΈΔͱ…
“Lifecycle-aware components” public class FooObserver implements LifecycleObserver { public FooObserver(Lifecycle
lifecycle) { ... this.lifecycle.addObserver(this); } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START) void start() { /* Start something. */ } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) void stop() { /* "Stop something." */ } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) void cleanup() { lifecycle.removeObserver(this); } }
LifecycleΫϥε public abstract class Lifecycle { public abstract void addObserver(LifecycleObserver
observer); public abstract void removeObserver(LifecycleObserver observer); public abstract State getCurrentState(); public enum Event { ON_CREATE, ON_START, ...ON_ANY } public enum State { DESTROYED, INITIALIZED, CREATED, STARTED, RESUMED; public boolean isAtLeast(State state) { return compareTo(state) >= 0; } } }
LifecycleΫϥε public abstract class Lifecycle { public abstract void addObserver(LifecycleObserver
observer); public abstract void removeObserver(LifecycleObserver observer); public abstract State getCurrentState(); public enum Event { ON_CREATE, ON_START, ...ON_ANY } public enum State { DESTROYED, INITIALIZED, CREATED, STARTED, RESUMED; public boolean isAtLeast(State state) { return compareTo(state) >= 0; } } }
https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/lifecycle.html class MyLocationListener implements LifecycleObserver { public void enable() {
enabled = true; if (lifecycle.getState().isAtLeast(STARTED)) { // connect if not connected } }
Deep dive into Lifecycles
1. LifecycleObserverͷ෦࣮ʁ
AnnotationProcessorʹΑΓࣗಈੜ͞ΕͨFooObserver public class FooObserver_LifecycleAdapter implements GenericLifecycleObserver { final FooObserver mReceiver;
... @Override public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner owner, Lifecycle.Event event) { if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_START) { mReceiver.start(); } if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) { mReceiver.stop(); } } } ※GenericLifecycleObserver@hideͳΫϥε
LifecycleRegistryΫϥε public class LifecycleRegistry extends Lifecycle { @Override public void
addObserver(LifecycleObserver observer) { ObserverWithState observerWithState = new ObserverWithState(observer); mObserverSet.putIfAbsent(observer, observerWithState); observerWithState.sync(); } ... class ObserverWithState { private State mObserverCurrentState = INITIALIZED; private GenericLifecycleObserver mCallback; ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer) { mCallback = Lifecycling.getCallback(observer); } }
LifecycleRegistryΫϥε public class LifecycleRegistry extends Lifecycle { @Override public void
addObserver(LifecycleObserver observer) { ObserverWithState observerWithState = new ObserverWithState(observer); mObserverSet.putIfAbsent(observer, observerWithState); observerWithState.sync(); } ... class ObserverWithState { private State mObserverCurrentState = INITIALIZED; private GenericLifecycleObserver mCallback; ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer) { mCallback = Lifecycling.getCallback(observer); } }
LifecyclingΫϥε class Lifecycling { static GenericLifecycleObserver getCallback(Object object) { ...
final Class<?> klass = object.getClass(); ... cachedConstructor = getGeneratedAdapterConstructor(klass); ... return new ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver(object); ... static String getAdapterName(String className) { return className.replace(".", "_") + "_LifecycleAdapter"; }
2. Lifecycle.Eventͷൃ৴ҰମͲ͔͜Βʁ
AndroidManifest (packaged)ʹո͛͠ͳprovider͕… <manifest ...> <application ...> ... <provider android:name="android.arch.lifecycle.LifecycleRuntimeTroja nProvider"
android:exported="false" android:multiprocess="true" android:authorities="com.ogaclejapan.samples.lifecycle- trojan" /> </application> </manifest> (*´ŋωŋ`)̾̌˓( ͤΊͯެࣜυΩϡϝϯτʹॻ͍ͯ͘ΕΑ͒͒ɻɻɻ)
LifecycleRuntimeTrojanProviderΫϥε public class LifecycleRuntimeTrojanProvider extends ContentProvider { @Override public boolean
onCreate() { LifecycleDispatcher.init(getContext()); ProcessLifecycleOwner.init(getContext()); return true; } ... Firebase͕ར༻͍ͯ͠ΔContentProviderΛར༻ͨ͠ॳظԽHack ʢ҉తʹApplicationͷonCreateΑΓઌʹॳظԽΛ࣮ߦͰ͖Δʣ ʮHow does Firebase initialize on Android?ʯ https://firebase.googleblog.com/2016/12/how-does-firebase-initialize-on-android.html
LifecycleDispatcherΫϥεͰ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱʢͬ͘͟Γʣ • initॲཧͰActivityLifecycleCallbacksίʔϧόοΫొ • onActivityCreatedͰ”ReportFragment”ͷՃͱ FragmentLifecycleCallbacksίʔϧόοΫొ • onFragmentCreatedͰFragment͕ LifecycleRegistryOwnerΛ࣮͍ͯ͠Ε ”DestructionReportFragment”ΛՃ
• ֤LifecycleCallbacksͰLifecycleRegistryOwnerΛ࣮ ͍ͯ͠ΕLifecycleRegistryʹରͯ͠”markState()” ͱ”handleLifecycleEvent()”ͷߋ৽ΛҰ෦୲͏
LifecycleDispatcherΫϥεͰ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱʢͬ͘͟Γʣ • initॲཧͰActivityLifecycleCallbacksίʔϧόοΫొ • onActivityCreatedͰ”ReportFragment”ͷՃͱ FragmentLifecycleCallbacksίʔϧόοΫొ • onFragmentCreatedͰFragment͕ LifecycleRegistryOwnerΛ࣮͍ͯ͠Ε ”DestructionReportFragment”ΛՃ
• ֤LifecycleCallbacksͰLifecycleRegistryOwnerΛ࣮ ͍ͯ͠ΕLifecycleRegistryʹରͯ͠”markState()” ͱ”handleLifecycleEvent()”ͷߋ৽ΛҰ෦୲͏
LifecycleDispatcherΫϥεͰ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱʢͬ͘͟Γʣ • initॲཧͰActivityLifecycleCallbacksίʔϧόοΫొ • onActivityCreatedͰ”ReportFragment”ͷՃͱ FragmentLifecycleCallbacksίʔϧόοΫొ • onFragmentCreatedͰFragment͕ LifecycleRegistryOwnerΛ࣮͍ͯ͠Ε ”DestructionReportFragment”ΛՃ
• ֤LifecycleCallbacksͰLifecycleRegistryOwnerΛ࣮ ͍ͯ͠ΕLifecycleRegistryʹରͯ͠”markState()” ͱ”handleLifecycleEvent()”ͷߋ৽ΛҰ෦୲͏
LifecycleDispatcherΫϥεͰ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱʢͬ͘͟Γʣ • initॲཧͰActivityLifecycleCallbacksίʔϧόοΫొ • onActivityCreatedͰ”ReportFragment”ͷՃͱ FragmentLifecycleCallbacksίʔϧόοΫొ • onFragmentCreatedͰFragment͕ LifecycleRegistryOwnerΛ࣮͍ͯ͠Ε ”DestructionReportFragment”ΛՃ
• ֤LifecycleCallbacksͰLifecycleRegistryOwnerΛ࣮ ͍ͯ͠ΕLifecycleRegistryʹରͯ͠”markState()” ͱ”handleLifecycleEvent()”ͷߋ৽ΛҰ෦୲͏
ReportFragmentΫϥε public class ReportFragment extends Fragment { public void onActivityCreated(Bundle
savedInstanceState) { ... dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE); } ... private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) { if (getActivity() instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) { ((LifecycleRegistryOwner) getActivity()).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event); } } LifecycleRegistryOwnerΛ࣮ͨ͠ActivityͷϥΠϑαΠΫϧมߋ Πϕϯτͯ͢ReportFragmentͰݺΕ͍ͯΔ
͏ʔΜɺ૾Ҏ্ʹཪͰ৭ʑͬͯͨɻɻ
LiveData<T>
LiveDataΫϥε • ͷߋ৽Λ҆શʹObserver௨Մೳ -> LifecycleOwnerͷState͕STARTED or RESUMED࣌ͷΈ௨ • Lifecycle-aware components.
-> LifecycleOwnerͷState͕DESTROYED࣌observerΛࣗಈղআ public abstract class LiveData<T> { @MainThread public void observe(LifecycleOwner owner, Observer<T> observer) { ... } protected void postValue(T value) { ... } @MainThread protected void setValue(T value) { ... } public T getValue() { ... } ... }
LiveDataͷΈ State: STARTED or RESUMED State: CREATED Observer LiveData setValue(“Foo”)
: version = 0 observe() onChange(“Foo”) setValue(“Bar”) : version = 1 pending onChange(“Bar”) lastVersion = 0 lastVersion = 1 setValue(“CA”) : version = 2 lastVersion = -1 initial : version = -1 setValue(“apk”) : version = 3 onChange(“apk”) lastVersion = 3 pending ※version͕ಉ͡ͳͷͰ௨͠ͳ͍
MutableLiveDataΫϥε public class MutableLiveData<T> extends LiveData<T> { @Override public void
postValue(T value) { super.postValue(value); } @Override public void setValue(T value) { super.setValue(value); } } • postValue() / setValue()Λpublicείʔϓมߋ -> ObservableFieldBehaviorSubjectΈ͍ͨͳͷมߋݕ͕Ͱ ͖ΔϓϩύςΟͱͯ͑ͦ͠͏
TimerLiveDataΫϥε (Custom) public class TimerLiveData extends LiveData<Long> { private final
Runnable TimeUpdater = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { setValue(elapsedTime += 1000L); handler.postDelayed(TimeUpdater, 1000L); } }; private final Handler handler = new Handler(); private long elapsedTime = 0L; @Override protected void onActive() { handler.postDelayed(TimeUpdater, 1000L); } @Override protected void onInactive() { handler.removeCallbacks(TimeUpdater); } }
TimerLiveDataΫϥε (Custom) public class TimerLiveData extends LiveData<Long> { private final
Runnable TimeUpdater = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { setValue(elapsedTime += 1000L); handler.postDelayed(TimeUpdater, 1000L); } }; private final Handler handler = new Handler(); private long elapsedTime = 0L; @Override protected void onActive() { handler.postDelayed(TimeUpdater, 1000L); } @Override protected void onInactive() { handler.removeCallbacks(TimeUpdater); } }
LiveData<String> userName = Transformations.map(userLiveData, user -> { user.name + "
" + user.lastName }); Transformations MediatorLiveData https://developer.android.com/reference/android/arch/lifecycle/MediatorLiveData.html https://developer.android.com/reference/android/arch/lifecycle/Transformations.html -> ಠࣗͳTransformationsΛ৽ͨʹఆٛ͢Δͱ͖ʹ͑Δ -> LiveDataͷΛՃ͢Δ (ݱঢ়map, switchMapͷΈ)
ViewModel
ViewModelΫϥε public abstract class ViewModel { protected void onCleared() {
} } ViewModelProviders.of(activity) .get(FooViewModel.class) ViewModelStores.of(activity) HolderFragmentੜ -> setRetainInstance(true)
https://speakerdeck.com/ogaclejapan/how-to-keep-data-between-orientation-changes
ViewModelΫϥεར༻࣌ͷҙ • Activity࠶ੜΛލ͍Ͱσʔλ͕อ࣋͞ΕΔͷͰɺActivity ViewɺResourceͳͲΛอ࣋͢ΔͱϝϞϦϦʔΫ͢Δ :( Ͳ͏ͯ͠ViewModelͰContextΛ͍͍ͨͱ͖ʹApplication ΫϥεΛอ࣋͢ΔAndroidViewModelΛ͍·͠ΐ͏ public class AndroidViewModel
extends ViewModel { private Application mApplication; public AndroidViewModel(Application application) { mApplication = application; } public <T extends Application> T getApplication() { return (T) mApplication; } }
Architecture componentsͰਪ͞ΕΔΞʔΩςΫνϟ https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/guide.html#the_final_architecture
ࢀߟࢿྉ
• ެࣜΨΠυ https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/index.html • ެࣜαϯϓϧ https://github.com/googlesamples/android-architecture-components Architecture Components ࢀߟϦϯΫ •
I/O ηογϣϯಈը Architecture Components - Introduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrteWKKVyzI Architecture Components - Solving the Lifecycle Problem https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEKNi1JOrNs
ࠓޙʹظʂʂ