事前知識なしで理解する、静的検査のいろは / Introduction about static analysis without previous knowledge

੩తݕࠪͷ͍Ζ͸
ࣄલ஌ࣝͳ͠Ͱཧղ͢Δ
Kuniwak - DeNA Co.,Ltd.

2018.09.07 builderscon tokyo 2018

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"CPVUNF

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,VOJXBL
w ॴଐˠ
w HJUIVCDPN,VOJXBL
w RJJUBDPN,VOJXBL
w ίϯϐϡʔλαΠΤϯεΛ 
ֶΜͰ͖͍ͯ·ͤΜ
w ࣄલ஌ࣝͳ͠Ͱ੩తղੳ 
πʔϧΛ։ൃ͖ͯͨ͠

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͜Ε·Ͱʹ͖ͭͬͯͨ͘ 
੩తݕࠪܥͷπʔϧͷ঺հ

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7JNTDSJQUͷ੩తݕࠪπʔϧ
https://github.com/Kuniwak/Vint

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$44ͷมߋ఺ΛՄࢹԽ͢Δπʔϧ
https://github.com/mixi-inc/css-semdiff
$ css-astdiff a.css b.css --verbose
extra:
.extra-1 {
border: none;
}
missing:
.missing-1 {
border: none;
}
---------------------------------
1 extra rules and 1 missing rules

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मਖ਼ͷӨڹൣғΛڭ͑ͯ͘ΕΔπʔϧ
https://twitter.com/orga_chem/status/674847225684475905
˞લ৬

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͜ͷൃදΛฉ͘ͱ 
Θ͔Δ͜ͱ
͸͡Ίʹ

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੩తղੳΛߏ੒͢Δ͍͔ͭ͘ͷߟ͑ํ
͕Θ͔ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ
ߟ͑ํ͑͞ཧղͰ͖Ε͹ɺ੩తղੳΛ 
࣮૷͢Δͷ͸೉͘͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δ

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΋͏ͪΐͬͱ۩ମతʹ
͜ͷൃදͷ໨ඪ

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if isEmpty('') {
//CATCH_ME_IF_YOU_CAN
}
CATCH_ME_IF_YOU_CANͱॻ͔Εͨੜҙؾͳ 
ίϝϯτʢจࣈྻ಺ͷ͸/(ʣΛݕ஌͢Δ 
੩తݕࠪΛ៉ྷʹ࣮૷Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ

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؆୯͗͢ͳ͍ʁͱ 
ࢥͬͨ͋ͳͨ΁

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ಉ͡ϓϩάϥϜͰ࣍ͷίʔυ΋ 
ղੳͰ͖·͔͢ʁ
fake('', ' //CATCH_ME_IF_YOU_CAN ↩︎
')
͜Ε͸จࣈྻͳͷͰݕ஌ͯ͠͸͍͚ͳ͍
͜ͷվߦ͸ҙਤతͰ͢

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͜ͷൃදͰ͸ɺҙ஍ѱͳέʔεʹ΋ 
ରԠͰ͖Δ੩తղੳΛઆ໌͠·͢

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੩తղੳͱ͸
Ͱ͸ͬͦ͘͞

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੩తݕࠪͱ͸ɺݕ͍ࠪͨ͠ϓϩάϥϜΛ 
࣮ߦ͠ͳ͍··֤छͷҟৗΛݕࠪ͢Δख๏ͷ͜ͱ
ݴޠ͝ͱʹ༷ʑͳ੩తݕࠪͷͨΊͷπʔϧ͕͋Δɿ
w 1ZUIPOͳΒ1ZqBLFT΍NZQZͳͲ
w 3VCZͳΒ3VCPDPQͳͲ
w +BWB4DSJQUͳΒ&4-JOUͳͲ
w +BWBͳΒ4QPU#VHTͳͲ

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͜͜Ͱٙ໰
ͳͥ੩తʹݕ͍ࠪͨ͠ͷ͔

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ݕ͍ࠪͨ͠ϓϩάϥϜΛ࣮ߦͯ͠ʢಈతʣ 
ݕࠪ͢Δ৔߹ɺݕࠪதʹ௨ա͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ 
ίʔυ͸ݕࠪͰ͖ͳ͍
isFoo = true
if isFoo {
}
else {
}
ͪ͜Β͸ಈతʹݕࠪͰ͖Δ
ͪ͜Β͸ಈతʹݕࠪͰ͖ͳ͍

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੩తݕࠪ͸ಈతݕ͕ࠪۤखͳ 
໢ཏతͳݕ͕ࠪಘҙ
͔͠͠੩తݕࠪ͸ಈతݕࠪ΄Ͳ 
ݕࠪ݁Ռ͕ਖ਼֬ʹͳΒͳ͍

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੩తݕࠪΛ஌Δ͜ͱͰ 
։ൃΛޮ཰ԽͰ͖Δཧ༝
ͳΜͷ໾ʹཱͭͷ͔ٙ໰ͳ͋ͳͨ΁

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ίʔυϨϏϡʔͷҰ෦Λ 
ࣗಈԽͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ
ศརͳࣾ಺πʔϧΛͭͬͯ͘ 
͋Γ͕͕ͨΒΕΔ
طଘͷ੩తղੳπʔϧΛվྑɾ 
σόοάͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ

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ίʔυϨϏϡʔࣗಈԽͷྫ
http://alpha.mixi.co.jp/entry/2015/12/20/000000
extra:
.extra-1 {
border: none;
}
missing:
.missing-1 {
border: none;
}
---------------------------------
ߦͷ$44Λ 
ো֐θϩͰ-FTT΁ 
Ҡߦͨ͠ࡍͷπʔϧ

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ศརͳࣾ಺πʔϧʢʁʣͷྫ
ऍ໌
WJTVBMJ[BUJPO͸ఘΊ·͕ͨ͠ɺ 
ґଘΛҰཡͰݟΒΕΔαʔϏε 
ͭͬͨ͘Βศརʹ࢖ΘΕ·ͨ͠

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શମతͳઆ໌ͷྲྀΕ
͜Ε͔Βͷ

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֓೦Λཧղ͢Δ
ந৅ߏจ໦Λཧղ͢Δ
ந৅ߏจ໦ͷ࡞ΓํΛཧղ͢Δ
ந৅ߏจ໦ͷѻ͍ํΛཧղ͢Δ
࡞ΓํΛཧղ͢Δ
؆୯ͳ੩తղੳΛ࣮૷͢Δ
੩తղੳͷσβΠϯύλʔϯΛ஌Δ
࣮ࡍͷ੩తղੳΛಡΉ

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ந৅ߏจ໦Λཧղ͢Δ
·ͣ͸

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੩తݕࠪͰऔΓѻ͏୅දతͳ 
σʔλͷछྨ͸͍͔ͭ͋͘Δ

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ந৅ߏจ໦
ίʔυΛ໦ߏ଄Ͱදݱͨ͠΋ͷ
ଟ͘ͷ੩తղੳͷجຊ
τʔΫϯྻ
ίʔυͷখ͞ͳߏ੒୯ҐΛ 
ग़ݱॱʹฒ΂ͨ΋ͷ
ελΠϧʹؔ͢Δ੩తղੳͰ 
Α͘࢖ΘΕΔ
੍ޚϑϩʔάϥϑ
ίʔυͷ৚݅෼ذͳͲͷ 
੍ޚߏ଄Λ࿈݁ͨ͠ϒϩοΫͰ 
දݱͨ͠΋ͷ
ίʔϧάϥϑ
ؔ਺ͷݺͼग़ؔ͠܎ΛάϥϑͰ 
දݱͨ͠΋ͷ
ະ࢖༻ؔ਺ͷղੳͳͲʹΑ͘ 
࢖ΘΕΔ

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τʔΫϯྻ
ίʔυͷখ͞ͳߏ੒୯ҐΛ 
ग़ݱॱʹฒ΂ͨ΋ͷ
ελΠϧʹؔ͢Δ੩తղੳͰ 
Α͘࢖ΘΕΔ
੍ޚϑϩʔάϥϑ
ίʔυͷ৚݅෼ذͳͲͷ 
੍ޚߏ଄Λ࿈݁ͨ͠ϒϩοΫͰ 
දݱͨ͠΋ͷ
ίʔϧάϥϑ
ؔ਺ͷݺͼग़ؔ͠܎ΛάϥϑͰ 
දݱͨ͠΋ͷ
ະ࢖༻ؔ਺ͷղੳͳͲʹΑ͘ 
࢖ΘΕΔ
ந৅ߏจ໦
ίʔυΛ໦ߏ଄Ͱදݱͨ͠΋ͷ
ଟ͘ͷ੩తղੳͷجຊ ࠓճղઆ͢Δ΋ͷ

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if isEmpty('') {
// COMMENT
}
1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU
ந৅ߏจ໦
ίʔυ

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if isEmpty('') {
// COMMENT
}
ந৅ߏจ໦
ίʔυ
˞4UBUFNFOU͸ʮจʯͷҙຯͳͷͰɺ*G4UBUFNFOU͸ʮJGจʯͷҙຯͰ͢
1SPHSBN
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU
*G4UBUFNFOU

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if isEmpty('') {
// COMMENT
}
1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU
'VOD$BMM
ந৅ߏจ໦
ίʔυ

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if isEmpty('') {
// COMMENT
}
1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM $PNNFOU
*EFOUJpFS
ந৅ߏจ໦
ίʔυ

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if isEmpty('') {
// COMMENT
}
1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
'VOD$BMM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
ந৅ߏจ໦
ίʔυ

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if isEmpty('') {
// COMMENT
}
1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU
ந৅ߏจ໦
ίʔυ

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if isEmpty('') {
// COMMENT
}
ந৅ߏจ໦
*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU
1SPHSBN
ίʔυ

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if isEmpty('') {
// COMMENT
}
1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU
ந৅ߏจ໦
ίʔυ
ந৅ߏจ໦͸ɺίʔυͷߏ଄Λ 
໦ߏ଄ͷσʔλͱͯ͠දݱͨ͠΋ͷ

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໦ߏ଄Ͱ͸1SPHSBN΍ 
$PNNFOUͷΑ͏ͳ 
໦Λߏ੒͢Δઅ఺ͷ͜ͱΛ 
ʮϊʔυʯͱݺͿ
1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU

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࣮ࡍͷϝδϟʔͳݴޠͷ 
ந৅ߏจ໦ΛݟͯΈΑ͏
ந৅ߏจ໦͸ͳΜͱͳ͘Θ͔ͬͨͷͰ

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ϝδϟʔͳݴޠͷந৅ߏจ໦͸ 
ҙ֎ͱ؆୯ʹΈΒΕΔ
ݴޠʹΑͬͯ͸ඪ४ϥΠϒϥϦ͚ͩͰ 
ந৅ߏจ໦ΛΈΒΕͨΓ͢Δ

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1ZUIPOͷந৅ߏจ໦ͷݟํ
import ast
source = "if is_empty(''):\n" \
" pass\n"
node = ast.parse(source, "sample.py")
print(ast.dump(node))

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if is_empty(''):
pass
ந৅ߏจ໦
1ZUIPO
Module(
body=[
If(
test=Call(
func=Name(
id='is_empty',
ctx=Load()
),
args=[
Str(s='')
],
keywords=[]
),
body=[
Pass()
],
orelse=[]
)
]
)

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3VCZͷந৅ߏจ໦ͷݟํ
require 'ripper'
require 'pp'
example = <<~END
if is_empty('')
end
END
pp Ripper.sexp(example)

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ந৅ߏจ໦
3VCZ
[:program,
[
[:if,
[:method_add_arg,
[:fcall,
[:@ident,
"is_empty",
[1, 3]
]
],
[:arg_paren,
[:args_add_block,
[[:string_literal, [:string_content]]],
false
]
]
],
[[:void_stmt]],
nil
]
]
]
if is_empty('')
end

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[:program,
[
[:if,
[:method_add_arg,
[:fcall,
[:@ident,
"is_empty",
[1, 3]
]
],
[:arg_paren,
[:args_add_block,
[[:string_literal, [:string_content]]],
false
]
]
],
[[:void_stmt]],
nil
]
]
]
ந৅ߏจ໦
3VCZ
if is_empty('')
end

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+BWB4DSJQUͷந৅ߏจ໦ͷݟํ
import {default as Esprima} from "esprima";
const program = "if (isEmpty('')) {\n"
+ "}\n";
const node = Esprima.parseScript(program);
console.log("%j", node);

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ந৅ߏจ໦
+BWB4DSJQU
{
"type": "Program",
"body": [
{
"type": "IfStatement",
"test": {
"type": "CallExpression",
"callee": {
"type": "Identifier",
"name": "isEmpty"
},
"arguments": [
{
"type": "Literal",
"value": "",
"raw": "''"
}
]
},
"consequent": {
"type": "BlockStatement",
"body": []
},
"alternate": null
}
],
"sourceType": "script"
}
if (isEmpty('')) {
}

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ந৅ߏจ໦
+BWB4DSJQU
if (isEmpty('')) {
}
{
"type": "Program",
"body": [
{
"test": {
"callee": {
"name": "isEmpty"
},
"arguments": [
{
"type": "Literal",
"value": "",
"raw": "''"
}
]
},
"consequent": {
"body": []
},
"alternate": null
}
],
}

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ந৅ߏจ໦
+BWB4DSJQU
{
"type": "Program",
"body": [
{
"test": {
"callee": {
"name": "isEmpty"
},
"arguments": [
{
"type": "Literal",
"value": "",
"raw": "''"
}
]
},
"consequent": {
"body": []
},
"alternate": null
}
],
}
if (isEmpty('')) {
}

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ந৅ߏจ໦ͷ·ͱΊ
w ந৅ߏจ໦͸ϓϩάϥϜΛ໦ߏ଄Ͱදݱͨ͠΋ͷ
w ଟ͘ͷ੩తղੳʹந৅ߏจ໦͕ొ৔͢Δ
w ϝδϟʔͳݴޠͰ͋Ε͹؆୯ʹΈΒΕΔ

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ந৅ߏจ໦Λͭ͘Δ 
ߏจղੳΛ஌Ζ͏
ந৅ߏจ໦Λ׬શʹཧղͨ͠ͷͰ

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ϓϩάϥϜͷςΩετ͔Βந৅ߏจ໦Λ 
࡞੒͢ΔॲཧΛߏจղੳͱݺͿ
ߏจղੳΛ஌Δͱɺطଘͷߏจղੳ 
ϥΠϒϥϦΛ࢖͏ͱ͖ͷ஫ҙ఺͕Θ͔Δ
ͨͱ͑͹ɺੑೳྼԽ͠΍͍͢෦෼ͳͲ͕Θ͔Δ

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ߏจղੳͷ୅දత࣮૷ख๏
w ࠶ؼԼ߱๏
w όοΫτϥοΫ͋Γ
w ૉ௚ͳ࣮૷
w 1BSTFS$PNCJOBUPS
w 1BSTFS&YQSFTTJPO(SBNNBS
w όοΫτϥοΫͳ͠
w ʜ
w ԋࢉࢠॱҐ๏
w ʜ
ࠓճղઆ͢Δ࣮૷

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ͪΌΜͱͨ͠ఆٛ͸೉͘͠ฉ͑͜Δ͕ɺ 
࣮ࡍͷίʔυΛΈΕ͹͙͢ʹཧղͰ͖Δ
श͏ΑΓ׳ΕΑ͏

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จ๏نଇͷ঺հ
ࠓ͔ΒߏจղੳΛ࣮૷͢Δ

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<ϓϩάϥϜ> := <จ>* EOF
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
:= "if " <ࣜ> " {\n" <จ>* "}" "\n"
<ࣜจ> := <ࣜ> "\n"
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
<ࣜ> := <จࣈྻϦςϥϧ> | <ؔ਺ݺͼग़ࣜ͠>
<จࣈྻϦςϥϧ> := "'" ("\'" | [A-Z_ ])* "'"
<ؔ਺ݺͼग़ࣜ͠> := <ؔ਺໊> "(" <ࣜ> ")"
<ؔ਺໊> := [a-z] [a-z]*
͜ͷ··ͩͱΘ͔ΓͮΒ͍ͷͰɺ۩ମྫΛग़͠·͢

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ίϝϯτ͚ͩϓϩάϥϜ
// COMMENT ↩︎
EOF
&0'͸ϑΝΠϧͷऴྃʢ&OEPG'JMFʣΛҙຯ͢Δه߸

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<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
ద༻͞Εͨจ๏نଇ
͔͜͜ΒݟΔ
// COMMENT ↩︎
EOF

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<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
จͷ܁Γฦ͠ʹଓ͍ͯ&0'͕͘Δ
// COMMENT ↩︎
EOF

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<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
จͷத਎Λݟʹ͍͘
// COMMENT ↩︎
EOF

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<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
จ͸͜ͷ͏ͪͷͲΕ͔ͭ
// COMMENT ↩︎
EOF

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<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
ࠓճͷจ͸ίϝϯτจ
// COMMENT ↩︎
EOF

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<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
ίϝϯτจͷத਎Λݟʹ͍͘
// COMMENT ↩︎
EOF

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<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
ʹଓ͍ͯӳେจࣈͱ@ͱۭന͕Կճ͔ଓ͍ͯɺվߦͰऴΘΔ
// COMMENT ↩︎
EOF

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// COMMENT ↩︎
EOF
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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// COMMENT ↩︎
EOF
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
ίʔυͱͷରԠ͕Ͱ͖ͨΒɺݟͨॱ൪ΛٯʹḪ͍ͬͯ͘

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// COMMENT ↩︎
EOF
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
จ΋ίϝϯτจͰରԠ͕औΕͨͷͰḪΔ

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<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
// COMMENT
EOF
ࠓճͷจ͸ճ܁Γฦ͚ͩ͠Ͱɺத਎͸ίϝϯτจ

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<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
// COMMENT
EOF
࠷ޙ͸&0'ͰऴΘΔ

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͜͜·ͰಡΊΕ͹ɺଞͷίʔυͷ 
จ๏نଇ΋ಡΊΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ

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print("TEXT")
EOF
ؔ਺ݺͼग़͚ͩ͠ϓϩάϥϜ
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ࣜจ> := <ࣜ> "\n"
<ؔ਺ݺͼग़͠> := <ؔ਺໊> "(" <ࣜ> ")"
<ؔ਺໊> := [a-z] [a-z]*

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print("TEXT")
EOF
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ࣜจ> := <ࣜ> "\n"
<ؔ਺ݺͼग़͠> := <ؔ਺໊> "(" <ࣜ> ")"
<ؔ਺໊> := [a-z] [a-z]*
ಉ͡Α͏ʹݟ͍͖ͯ·͠ΐ͏

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print("TEXT")
EOF
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
<ࣜจ> := <ࣜ> "\n"
<ؔ਺ݺͼग़͠> := <ؔ਺໊> "(" <ࣜ> ")"
<ؔ਺໊> := [a-z] [a-z]* <จࣈྻϦςϥϧ>

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EOF
ۭͷϓϩάϥϜ
࣮͸͜Ε΋จ๏نଇ্͸ଥ౰ͳϓϩάϥϜ

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EOF
ۭͷϓϩάϥϜ
܁Γฦ͠ճ

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ෆਖ਼ͳϓϩάϥϜ΋ΈͯΈΑ͏

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/ INVALID
EOF
ෆਖ਼ͳϓϩάϥϜ
ద༻Ͱ͖Δจ๏نଇͳ͠

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/ INVALID
EOF
ෆਖ਼ͳϓϩάϥϜ
ͳ͠
͜ͷίʔυ͸ϓϩάϥϜͷจͷ͍ͣΕʹ΋ 
͋ͯ͸·Βͳ͍ͷͰɺϓϩάϥϜʹ͋ͯ͸·Βͳ͍
͜ͷঢ়گΛʮߏจΤϥʔʢTZOUBYFSSPSʣʯͱ͍͏

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จ๏نଇ·ͱΊ
w จ๏نଇ͸۩ମྫΛߟ͑ΔͱΘ͔Γ΍͍͢
w จ๏نଇʹ͋ͯ͸·Βͳ͍ͱ͖ߏจΤϥʔʹͳΔ

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ߏจղੳͷ࣮૷
͖ͬ͞ͷจ๏نଇʹରԠ͢Δ

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จ๏نଇͷࠨଆʢͷ෦෼ʣʹ 
ରԠ͢Δந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυΛఆٛ͢Δ
ఆٛͨ͠ϊʔυ͝ͱʹղੳؔ਺Λ༻ҙ͢Δ
ߏจղੳͷ࣮૷खॱ

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<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
:= "if " <ࣜ> " {\n" <จ>* "}" "\n"
<ࣜจ> := <ࣜ> "\n"
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
<จࣈྻϦςϥϧ> := "'" ("\'" | [A-Z_ ])* "'"
<ؔ਺ݺͼग़ࣜ͠> := <ؔ਺໊> "(" <ࣜ> ")"
<ؔ਺໊> := [a-z] [a-z]*
͜ͷ͝ͱʹந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυΛఆٛ͢Δ

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1SPHSBN
4UBUFNFOU 4UBUFNFOU
# <ϓϩάϥϜ> := <จ>*
class ProgramNode(Node):
def __init__(self, statement_nodes):
# <ϓϩάϥϜ>͸ෳ਺ͷ<จ>͔ΒͳΔͷͰɺ
# ؚ·ΕΔ<จ>Λ഑ྻͰอ࣋͢Δɻ
self.statements = statement_nodes
ϓϩάϥϜʹରԠ͢Δந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυ
จͷϊʔυͷ഑ྻ

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# <ϓϩάϥϜ> := <จ>*
self.statements = statement_nodes 4UBUFNFOU 4UBUFNFOU
1SPHSBN

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# <ϓϩάϥϜ> := <จ>*
1SPHSBN
4UBUFNFOU 4UBUFNFOU

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# := "if " <ࣜ> " {\n" จ* "}" "\n"
class IfStatementNode(Node):
def __init__(self, condition_node, then_statements):
# if ͷޙͷ৚݅෦ͷ <ࣜ> Λอ࣋͢Δɻ
self.condition_node = condition_node
# { ͱ } ͷؒͷෳ਺ͷ <จ> Λ഑ྻͱͯ͠อ࣋͢Δɻ
self.then_statements = then_statements
JGจʹରԠ͢Δந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυ

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ಉ༷ʹ͢΂ͯͷʹରԠ͢Δ 
ந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυΛఆٛ͠·͢

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͢΂ͯͷϊʔυΛఆٛ͠ऴΘͬͨΒɺ 
͜ΕΛ࡞੒͢Δؔ਺Λॻ͍͍ͯ͘

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ʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺ͷҾ਺ͱ໭Γ஋ʹ͸ɺ 
Α͋͘Δఆ൪ͷύλʔϯ͕͋Δ
͜ͷύλʔϯʹै͏ͱɺؔ਺Λ 
૊Έ߹Θͤ΍͘͢ͳΔͷͰ͓֮͑ͯ͜͏

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͍͖ͳΓϓϩάϥϜʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺Λ 
ॻ͘ͱઆ໌͕೉͍͠ͷͰɺίϝϯτจʹ 
ରԠ͢Δؔ਺͔Βઆ໌͢Δ

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# <ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
def parse_comment_statement(text, index):
# TODO: ͪΌΜͱ࣮૷͢Δ
next_index = 1234 # TODO: Ծͷ࣮૷
node = CommentStatementNode(
comment_content=" COMMENT" # TODO: Ծͷ࣮૷
)
return node, next_index
ίϝϯτจʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺ͷҾ਺ͱ໭Γ஋Λ֬ೝ͠Α͏
ؔ਺ͷ಺෦͸·ͩԾͷ΋ͷͰɺ͋ͱͰ࣮૷͍ͯ͘͠

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# <ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
)
ʮQBSTFʯ͸ʮߏจղੳ͢Δʯͷҙຯ

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# <ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
)
ղੳ͍ͨ͠ςΩετશମ ղੳ͍ͨ͠ςΩετͷҐஔ

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# <ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
)
ղੳͰ͖ͨίϝϯτจʹ 
ରԠ͢Δந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυ ίϝϯτจ͕ऴΘͬͨҐஔ

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ͱΓ͋͑ͣؔ਺ͷ࢖ΘΕํΛΈͯΈΑ͏

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(comment_node, next_index) = parse_comment_statement("// COMMENT\n", 0)
ϓϩάϥϜͷઌ಄͔Βղੳ͢Δύλʔϯ ઌ಄ͳͷͰJOEFY͸
ղੳ͕ऴΘͬͨҐஔ
ίϝϯτจʹରԠ͢Δந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυ

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(comment_node, next_index) = parse_comment_statement("'123'\n// COMMENT\n", 6)
ϓϩάϥϜͷ్த͔Βղੳ͢Δύλʔϯ
ղੳ͕ऴΘͬͨҐஔ
్தͷจࣈ໨͔Βղੳ͢Δ
ίϝϯτจʹରԠ͢Δந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυ

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(comment_node, next_index) = parse_comment_statement("'123'\n/ INVALID", 6)
ղੳʹࣦഊ͢Δύλʔϯ
ࣦഊͨ͠ΒҐஔ͸ಈ͔͞ͳ͍Ͱͷ··ʹ͢Δ
͜ͷΑ͏ʹɺࣦഊͨ͠ΒԿ΋ͳ͔ͬͨΑ͏ʹ 
ר͖໭Δ͜ͱΛʮόοΫτϥοΫʯͱݺͿ
ղੳʹࣦഊͨ͠ͷͰ/POF
్தͷจࣈ໨͔Βղੳ͢Δ

View Slide

Ҿ਺
w ղੳ͢Δจࣈྻશମͱ࢝ΊΔҐஔ
໭Γ஋
w ղੳͰ͖ͨந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυͱऴΘͬͨҐஔ
w ࣦഊͨ͠Β/POFΛฦͯ͠ɺ 
Ґஔ͸ಈ͔͞ͳ͍
͜͜ͰҾ਺ͱ໭Γ஋Λ੔ཧ͠Α͏ɿ

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Ҿ਺
w ղੳ͢Δจࣈྻશମͱ࢝ΊΔҐஔ
໭Γ஋
w ղੳͰ͖ͨந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυͱऴΘͬͨҐஔ
w ࣦഊͨ͠Β/POFΛฦͯ͠ɺ 
Ґஔ͸ಈ͔͞ͳ͍
͜͜ͰҾ਺ͱ໭Γ஋Λ੔ཧ͠Α͏ɿ
ؔ਺͕૊Έ߹Θͤ΍͘͢ͳΔͱ 
ݴ͍ͬͯͨͷ͸͜ͷ෦෼
લͷؔ਺ʹΑΔղੳ͕ऴΘͬͨ 
Ґஔ͔Βɺ࣍ͷؔ਺ʹΑΔղੳΛ 
࠶։͢ΔΠϝʔδ

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࣮ࡍͷॲཧͷྲྀΕΛΈͯΈΑ͏
Ҿ਺ͱ໭Γ஋͕ͳΜͱͳ͘Θ͔ͬͨͷͰ

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<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
ίϝϯτจͷจ๏نଇͷಡΈํͷ͓͞Β͍ɿ
͸͡Ίʹ͕͋Δ
ଓ͚ͯӳେจࣈ͔@͔ۭന͕ճҎ্ଓ͘
࠷ޙʹվߦ͕͋Δ

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is_success, next_index = expect_keyword("//", text, index)
if not is_success:
return None, index
comment_content_chars = []
while True:
comment_content_char, next_index = \
expect_either(uppercase + [" ", "_"], text, next_index)
if comment_content_char is None:
break
comment_content_chars.append(comment_content_char)
is_success, next_index = expect_keyword("\n", text, next_index)
if not is_success:
return None, index
comment_content_chars = "".join(comment_content_chars)
return CommentStatementNode(comment_content_chars), next_index
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
ίϝϯτจʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺

View Slide

if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
͜͜Ͱ͸͕JOEFYͷҐஔʹ͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔֬ೝ͍ͯ͠Δ
FYQFDU@LFZXPSE͸ޙͰઆ໌͢Δ͕ɺΛݟ͚ͭͨΒ 
JOEFYΛͷޙ·ͰҠಈͤ͞Δ
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
͕Έ͔ͭΒͳ͚Ε͹ίϝϯτจͰ͸ͳ͍ͷͰऴྃ
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
͜ͷ഑ྻʹίϝϯτ಺ͷจࣈΛ֨ೲ͍ͯ͘͠
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
ίϝϯτ಺ͷจࣈ͸܁Γฦ͠ͳͷͰɺϧʔϓͰॲཧ͢Δ
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
JOEFYͷҐஔʹ<";@>͕͋Δ͔֬ೝ͍ͯ͠Δ
FYQFDU@FJUIFSʹ͍ͭͯ͸ޙͰઆ໌͢Δ
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
΋͠<";@>ʹҰக͠ͳ͔ͬͨΒɺίϝϯτͷ 
಺༰෦෼͕ऴΘͬͨͷͰɺϧʔϓ͔Β୤ग़
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
΋͠<";@>Ͱ͋Ε͹ɺίϝϯτจࣈྻ͕·ͩଓ͔͘΋ 
͠Εͳ͍ͷͰɺจࣈΛه࿥ͯ͠ϧʔϓΛ࠶։
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

View Slide

if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
ίϝϯτ಺ͷจࣈ͕ऴΘͬͨͷͰɺ࠷ޙʹ 
վߦ͕͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔֬ೝ͍ͯ͠Δ
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
aO͕ͳ͚Ε͹ɺίϝϯτจͰ͸ͳ͍ͷͰ/POFͱ 
ݩͷJOEFYΛฦ͢
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
ه࿥͓͍ͯͨ͠ίϝϯτ಺ͷจࣈΛ݁߹ͯ͠ɺ 
ίϝϯτͷ಺༰จࣈྻΛ෮ݩ͢Δ
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
෮ݩͨ͠ίϝϯτจࣈྻ͔ΒίϝϯτจʹରԠ͢Δ 
ந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυΛ࡞੒ͯ͠ɺਐΊͨJOEFYͱฦ͢
<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"

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<ίϝϯτจ> := "//" [A-Z_ ]* "\n"
if not is_success:
return None, index
while True:
break
if not is_success:
return None, index
ίϝϯτจʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺Λॻ͚ͨ

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FYQFDUdͳؔ਺ͷ͸ͨΒ͖
్தͰͰ͖ͯͨFYQFDUd͕ؾʹͳΔํ΁

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ઌ΄ͲͷQBSTF@DPNNFOU@TUBUFNFOUͷ࣮૷࣌ʹ 
͋Γ͕ͪͳϛε͕ɺJOEFYͷਐΊ๨Ε΍ਐΊ෯ͷؒҧ͍
FYQFDU@LFZXPSE΍FYQFDU@FJUIFS͸͜ΕΒͷؒҧ͍Λ 
༧๷͢ΔͨΊͷϢʔςΟϦςΟؔ਺

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text = "abc"
is_success, next_index = expect_keyword("a", text, 0)
is_success, next_index = expect_keyword("x", text, 0)
Bͷ࣍ͷJOEFYͳͷͰ
JOEFYͷҐஔʢͳͷͰઌ಄ʣʹB͕͋ΔͷͰ5SVF
ͳ͍৔߹͸JOEFYΛม͑ͳ͍ͷͰ
JOEFYͷҐஔʢͳͷͰઌ಄ʣʹY͸ͳ͍ͷͰ'BMTF

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ൺֱͨ͠จࣈྻͷ௕͚ͩ͞JOEFYΛਐΊΔͷͰɺ 
ਐΊ෯ͷؒҧ͍ͱਐΊ๨ΕΛ๷͛Δ
ศརʜ

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def expect_keyword(expected, text, index):
expected_len = len(expected)
actual = text[index:index+expected_len]
if actual != expected:
return False, index
return True, index + expected_len
def expect_either(expected_list, text, index):
for expected in expected_list:
is_success, next_index = expect_keyword(expected, text, index)
if is_success:
return expected, next_index
return None, index

View Slide

def expect_keyword(expected, text, index):
expected_len = len(expected)
actual = text[index:index+expected_len]
if actual != expected:
return False, index
return True, index + expected_len
def expect_either(expected_list, text, index):
for expected in expected_list:
is_success, next_index = expect_keyword(expected, text, index)
if is_success:
return expected, next_index
return None, index
ৄࡉͳ࣮૷͸͋ͱͰղಡͯ͠Έ͍ͯͩ͘͞ʂ

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͜͜·ͰͰίϝϯτจͷ 
ղੳؔ਺Λ࣮૷Ͱ͖ͨ

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࣍ʹɺจʹର͢Δؔ਺͔Βઌ΄Ͳ 
࣮૷ͨ͠ίϝϯτจʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺Λ 
࢖͏ํ๏ΛΈͯΈΑ͏
ϙΠϯτ͸ɺจ๏نଇͷͷӈଆʹ͕ 
͋ͬͨΒରԠ͢Δղੳؔ਺ʹ೚ͤΔ͜ͱ

View Slide

<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
จͷจ๏نଇͷಡΈํͷ͓͞Β͍ɿ
จ͸ɺJGจɺࣜจɺίϝϯτจͷ͍ͣΕ͔

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def parse_statement(text, index):
if_statement_node, next_index = parse_if_statement(text, index)
if if_statement_node is not None:
return if_statement_node, next_index
expr_statement_node, next_index = parse_expr_statement(text, index)
if expr_statement_node is not None:
return expr_statement_node, next_index
comment_statement_node, next_index = parse_comment_statement(text, index)
if comment_statement_node is not None:
return comment_statement_node, next_index
return None, index
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>

View Slide

return None, index
·ͣɺJGจʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺ͰղੳͰ͖Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ࢼ͢
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>

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return None, index
΋͠ɺJGจͱͯ͠ͷղੳʹ੒ޭ͢Ε͹จ͸JGจͩͬͨͱ͍͏͜ͱ
JGจʹରԠ͢Δந৅ߏจ໦ͱɺJGจͷղੳͰਐΜͩJOEFYΛฦ͢
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>

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return None, index
JGจͱͯ͠ͷղੳʹࣦഊͨ͠Βɺ࣍ʹࣜจͱͯ͠ͷղੳΛࢼ͢
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>

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return None, index
΋͠ɺࣜจͱͯ͠ͷղੳʹ੒ޭ͢Ε͹จ͸ࣜจͩͬͨͱ͍͏͜ͱ
ࣜจʹରԠ͢Δந৅ߏจ໦ͱɺࣜจͷղੳͰਐΜͩJOEFYΛฦ͢
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>

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return None, index
ࣜจͱͯ͠ͷղੳʹ΋ࣦഊͨ͠Βɺ࠷ޙʹίϝϯτจͱͯ͠ͷղੳΛࢼ͢
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>

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return None, index
΋͠ɺίϝϯτจͱͯ͠ͷղੳʹ੒ޭ͢Ε͹จ͸ίϝϯτจͩͬͨͱ͍͏͜ͱ
ίϝϯτจʹରԠ͢Δந৅ߏจ໦ͱɺίϝϯτจͷղੳͰਐΜͩJOEFYΛฦ͢
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>

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return None, index
JGจɺࣜจɺίϝϯτจͷ͍ͣΕͰ΋ͳ͚Ε͹ɺ 
จͰ͸ͳ͍ͷͰɺ/POFͱݩͷJOEFYΛฦͯ͠ऴྃ
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>

View Slide

return None, index
<จ> := | <ࣜจ> | <ίϝϯτจ>
͜ͷΑ͏ʹʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺Λఆ͍ٛͯ͘͠ͱɺ 
࠷ऴతʹϓϩάϥϜʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺ΛఆٛͰ͖Δ
͜ͷϓϩάϥϜʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺͕ɺҰൠతʹ 
ఏڙ͞Ε͍ͯΔߏจղੳثͱݺ͹ΕΔ΋ͷ

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ࠓճͷઆ໌Ͱ৮Εͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ
w ࣮༻తͳߏจղੳثʹ͢Δʹ͸ɺந৅ߏจ໦΍ 
ߏจΤϥʔʹίʔυ্ͷҐஔ৘ใΛؚΊͨํ͕Α͍
w όοΫτϥοΫ͋Γͷ࣮૷͸ɺ୯७͔͔ͭͳΓ޿͍ൣғͷ 
จ๏نଇΛղੳͰ͖Δ͕ɺܭࢉྔ͸େ͖͍
w ࣮͸Ұ൪೉͍͠ͷ͸όάͷͳ͍จ๏نଇΛߟ͑Δ͜ͱ
w όά͕͋Δͱߏจղੳث͕ແݶϧʔϓͨ͠Γ͢Δ

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ૉ௚ͳ࣮૷ͷ·ͱΊ
w ࣮૷͸ҎԼͷεςοϓͰͰ͖Δɿ
w ʹରԠ͢Δந৅ߏจ໦Λఆٛ͢Δ
w ʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺Λఆٛ͢Δ
w จ๏نଇͷӈଆʹ͕͋Δ৔߹͸ɺ 
ͦͷʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺ʹղੳΛ೚ͤΔ

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1BSTFS$PNCJOBUPSͷҖྗ
΋ͬͱΤϨΨϯτͳํ๏Λνϥݟͤ

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ࠓճ঺հͨ͠ૉ௚ͳ࣮૷Λ1BSTFS$PNCJOBUPSͰ࣮૷͢Δͱɺ 
ಉ͡ॲཧͳͷʹڻ͘΄Ͳ࣮૷͕୹͘ͳΓɺ͔ͭ࠶ར༻ੑ্͕͕Δɿ
parse_comment = sequence(
string("//"),
sequence(
many(char(uppercase + ["_", " "])),
string("\n")
)
)
ؾʹͳΔਓ͸ɺεϥΠυ຤ඌͷࢀߟจݙ#Λࢀর

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ߏจղੳͷ·ͱΊ
w ߏจղੳ͸ίʔυΛղੳͯ͠ந৅ߏจ໦Λ 
࡞੒͢Δॲཧ
w ͞·͟·ͳߏจղੳͷΞϧΰϦζϜ͕͋Δ
w ࠓճ͸όοΫτϥοΫ͋Γͷ 
࠶ؼԼ߱෼ੳΛૉ௚ʹ࣮૷ͨ͠

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ந৅ߏจ໦Λॲཧ͢Δ 
୅දతͳ࣮૷ύλʔϯ
ߏจղੳͷ͓࣍͸

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͜Ε·Ͱ͸ɺந৅ߏจ໦ͷ֓ཁ΍࡞੒ํ๏ΛΈ͖ͯͨ
࣍ʹɺ͜͜Ͱ͸ந৅ߏจ໦Λ͔͋ͭ͏୅දతͳ 
࣮૷ύλʔϯΛ঺հ͢Δ
΋ͬͱ΋සൟʹ࢖͏࣮૷ύλʔϯͱͯ͠ɺந৅ߏจ໦Λ 
ॱ൪ʹ୳ࡧ͍ͯ͘͠૸ࠪؔ਺Λ঺հ͢Δ

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૸ࠪؔ਺
ந৅ߏจ໦Λ͔͋ͭ͏୅දతύλʔϯ

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૸ࠪؔ਺͸ɺந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυΛॱʹḷ͍ͬͯͬͯɺ 
ϊʔυʹ๚ΕΔ཭ΕΔͨͼʹॲཧΛ࣮ߦ͢Δؔ਺
traverse(node, on_enter, on_leave)
PO@FOUFSͱPO@MFBWF͸ͲͪΒ΋ؔ਺Λ౉͢
ϊʔυʹ๚ΕΔ཭ΕΔͱ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ
Կ͕ى͜Δ͔Θ͔ΓͮΒ͍ͷͰਤղ͠·͢

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def print_enter(node):
print("enter: {node}".format(node=type(node)))
def print_leave(node):
print("leave: {node}".format(node=type(node)))
traverse(node, print_enter, print_leave)
PO@FOUFSͱPO@MFBWF͕Θ͔ΔΑ͏ʹQSJOU͢Δؔ਺Λ༻ҙ

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͜ͷUSBWFSTFʹΑͬͯQSJOU͞ΕΔ݁ՌΛΈͯΈ·͠ΐ͏
QSJOU݁Ռ
1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU

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*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU
1SPHSBN
·ͣ͸1SPHSBNʹ๚ΕΔʢFOUFS1SPHSBNΛQSJOUʣ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
QSJOU݁Ռ

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1SPHSBN
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU
*G4UBUFNFOU
࣍ʹ1SPHSBNͷࢠͰ͋Δ*G4UBUFNFOU΁๚ΕΔ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
QSJOU݁Ռ

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1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
*EFOUJpFS
$PNNFOU
'VOD$BMM
࣍ʹ*G4UBUFNFOUͷࢠͰ͋Δ'VOD$BMMΛ๚ΕΔ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
FOUFS'VOD$BMM
QSJOU݁Ռ

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1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM $PNNFOU
*EFOUJpFS
QSJOU݁Ռ
࣍ʹ'VOD$BMMͷࢠͰ͋Δ*EFOUJpFSΛ๚ΕΔ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
FOUFS'VOD$BMM
FOUFS*EFOUJpFS

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1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
4USJOH-JUFSBM
'VOD$BMM $PNNFOU
*EFOUJpFS
QSJOU݁Ռ
*EFOUJpFSʹࢠ͸͍ͳ͍ͷͰɺ*EFOUJpFS͔Β཭ΕΔ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
FOUFS'VOD$BMM
FOUFS*EFOUJpFS
MFBWF*EFOUJpFS

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1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
'VOD$BMM $PNNFOU
*EFOUJpFS 4USJOH-JUFSBM
QSJOU݁Ռ
'VOD$BMMͷ࣍ͷࢠͰ͋Δ4USJOH-JUFSBMΛ๚ΕΔ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
FOUFS'VOD$BMM
FOUFS*EFOUJpFS
MFBWF*EFOUJpFS
FOUFS4USJOH-JUFSBM

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1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
'VOD$BMM $PNNFOU
QSJOU݁Ռ
4USJOH-JUFSBMʹࢠ͸͍ͳ͍ͷͰɺ4USJOH-JUFSBM͔Β཭ΕΔ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
FOUFS'VOD$BMM
FOUFS*EFOUJpFS
MFBWF*EFOUJpFS
FOUFS4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF4USJOH-JUFSBM

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1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
$PNNFOU
'VOD$BMM
QSJOU݁Ռ
'VOD$BMMͷ͢΂ͯͷࢠΛ๚໰ͨ͠ͷͰɺ'VOD$BMM͔Β཭ΕΔ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
FOUFS'VOD$BMM
FOUFS*EFOUJpFS
MFBWF*EFOUJpFS
FOUFS4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF'VOD$BMM

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1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
'VOD$BMM $PNNFOU
QSJOU݁Ռ
*G4UBUFNFOUͷ࣍ͷࢠͰ͋Δ$PNNFOUΛ๚ΕΔ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
FOUFS'VOD$BMM
FOUFS*EFOUJpFS
MFBWF*EFOUJpFS
FOUFS4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF'VOD$BMM
FOUFS$PNNFOU

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1SPHSBN
*G4UBUFNFOU
'VOD$BMM $PNNFOU
QSJOU݁Ռ
$PNNFOUʹࢠ͸͍ͳ͍ͷͰɺ$PNNFOU͔Β཭ΕΔ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
FOUFS'VOD$BMM
FOUFS*EFOUJpFS
MFBWF*EFOUJpFS
FOUFS4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF'VOD$BMM
FOUFS$PNNFOU
MFBWF$PNNFOU

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1SPHSBN
'VOD$BMM $PNNFOU
*G4UBUFNFOU
QSJOU݁Ռ
*G4UBUFNFOUͷ͢΂ͯͷࢠΛ๚໰ͨ͠ͷͰɺ཭ΕΔ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
FOUFS'VOD$BMM
FOUFS*EFOUJpFS
MFBWF*EFOUJpFS
FOUFS4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF'VOD$BMM
FOUFS$PNNFOU
MFBWF$PNNFOU
MFBWF*G4UBUFNFOU

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'VOD$BMM $PNNFOU
*G4UBUFNFOU
1SPHSBN
QSJOU݁Ռ
1SPHSBNͷ͢΂ͯͷࢠΛ๚໰ͨ͠ͷͰɺ૸ࠪ׬ྃ
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
FOUFS'VOD$BMM
FOUFS*EFOUJpFS
MFBWF*EFOUJpFS
FOUFS4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF'VOD$BMM
FOUFS$PNNFOU
MFBWF$PNNFOU
MFBWF*G4UBUFNFOU
MFBWF1SPHSBN

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'VOD$BMM $PNNFOU
*G4UBUFNFOU
1SPHSBN
QSJOU݁Ռ
ཁ͢Δʹɺந৅ߏจ໦Λਂ͞༏ઌ୳ࡧ͢Δؔ਺
FOUFS1SPHSBN
FOUFS*G4UBUFNFOU
FOUFS'VOD$BMM
FOUFS*EFOUJpFS
MFBWF*EFOUJpFS
FOUFS4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF4USJOH-JUFSBM
MFBWF'VOD$BMM
FOUFS$PNNFOU
MFBWF$PNNFOU
MFBWF*G4UBUFNFOU
MFBWF1SPHSBN

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͜ͷΑ͏ͳந৅ߏจ໦Λ૸ࠪ͢Δؔ਺͕ 
༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔͱɺ͞ΒʹޙͰ঺հ͢Δ 
੩తݕࠪͷίʔυ͕ͱͯ΋ॻ͖΍͘͢ͳΔ

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͢΂ͯͷந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυʹɺࣗ਎ͷ 
ࢠͷҰཡΛฦؔ͢਺Λ௥Ճ͢Δ
ϊʔυΛ๚ΕͨΒͷࢠͷҰཡΛऔಘͯ͠ɺ 
࠶ؼతʹ๚Ε͍ͯؔ͘਺Λ࣮૷͢Δ
૸ࠪؔ਺ͷ࣮૷खॱ

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class Node:
def children(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
def children(self):
return self.statements
ந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυ͕ࣗ਎ͷࢠΛฦ͢Α͏ʹཁٻ͢ΔجఈΫϥεΛ༻ҙ

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class Node:
def children(self):
def children(self):
ͦΕͧΕͷந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυʹ࣮૷ͯ͠΋Β͏

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class Node:
def children(self):
def children(self):
ϓϩάϥϜͷ͢΂ͯͷࢠͷҰཡΛ഑ྻͱͯ͠ฦ͢
ࠓճ͸จͷ഑ྻҎ֎ʹࢠ͸ͳ͍ͷͰͦͷ··ฦͤ͹Α͍

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def children(self):
children = [self.condition_node]
return children + self.then_statements
ผͷέʔεͱͯ͠ɺJGจͷந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυ΋ΈͯΈΑ͏

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def children(self):
JGจͷࢠ͸৚݅෦ͷࣜͱɺ\^ͷதͷ 
ෳ਺ͷจͳͷͰɺ·ͱΊͯҰཡʹͯ͠ฦ͢

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def children(self):
ಉ༷ʹɺ͢΂ͯͷந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυʹDIJMESFOΛ࣮૷ͤ͞Δ

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४උ͕੔ͬͨͷͰɺ૸ࠪؔ਺ͷ 
ຊମΛ࣮૷͍ͯ͘͠

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def traverse(node, on_enter=None, on_leave=None):
if on_enter is not None:
on_enter(node)
for child in node.children():
traverse(child, on_enter, on_leave)
if on_leave is not None:
on_leave(node)

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on_enter(node)
on_leave(node)
ந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυΛ๚ΕͨͷͰPO@FOUFSΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ
΋͠PO@FOUFS͕লུ͞Ε͍ͯΔ৔߹͸Կ΋͠ͳ͍

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on_enter(node)
on_leave(node)
ந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυ͔ΒࢠͷҰཡΛ 
औಘ͠ɺࢠΛ࠶ؼతʹ૸͍ࠪͯ͘͠

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on_enter(node)
on_leave(node)
ࢠͷ૸͕ࠪऴΘͬͨͷͰɺࠓͷϊʔυ͔Βୀग़͢Δ

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͜͜·ͰͰ؆୯ʹ૸ࠪؔ਺Λ࣮૷Ͱ͖ͨ
૸ࠪؔ਺͸഑ྻͰ͍͏GPS&BDIͷΑ͏ͳ 
جૅతͳؔ਺ͩͱߟ͑ΔͱΘ͔Γ΍͍͢
ͦͷͨΊɺͱͯ΋Ԡ༻ͷൣғ͕޿͍

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w ৚݅ʹ͋ͬͨந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυͷநग़
w ม਺ؔ਺ͷείʔϓղੳ
w ʜ
૸ࠪؔ਺ͰͰ͖Δ͜ͱ

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found = find_nodes(node, condition)
৚݅ʹ͋ͬͨந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυͷநग़
୳ࡧ͍ͨ͠ந৅ߏจ໦ ݕࡧ͍ͨ͠৚݅ͷؔ਺
͜ͷநग़ؔ਺͸૸ࠪؔ਺Λ࢖ͬͯ 
؆୯ʹ࣮૷Ͱ͖Δ

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def find_nodes(node, condition):
found_nodes = []
def collect_nodes(entered_node):
if not condition(entered_node):
return
found_nodes.append(entered_node)
traverse(node, collect_nodes)
return found_nodes

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found_nodes = []
return
return found_nodes
ݕࡧ৚݅ʹ͋ͯ͸·Δந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυΛूΊΔ഑ྻ

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found_nodes = []
return
return found_nodes
ந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυΛ๚ΕΔλΠϛϯάͰݕࡧ৚݅ͷ 
ؔ਺Λ࣮૷͠ɺ৚݅ʹ͋ͯ͸·ΔϊʔυΛूΊΔؔ਺

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found_nodes = []
return
return found_nodes
ந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυΛूΊΔؔ਺Λ 
PO@FOUFSʹࢦఆͯ͠૸ࠪΛ։࢝

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found_nodes = []
return
return found_nodes
ݟ͔ͭͬͨந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυͷ഑ྻΛฦ͢

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found_nodes = []
return
return found_nodes
૸ࠪؔ਺Λ࢖͏͜ͱͰɺͱͯ΋؆୯ʹ࣮૷Ͱ͖ͨ

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ଞʹ΋ɺ૸ࠪؔ਺Λ࢖͏ͱείʔϓղੳΛ 
࣮૷͠΍͘͢ͳΔ
είʔϓղੳͱ͸ɺม਺ͷఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ 
είʔϓΛղੳ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺະఆٛͷม਺΍ 
ະ࢖༻ͷม਺Λݟ͚ͭΔख๏

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ίʔυ͕͔ͳΓ௕͘ͳΔͷͰɺ࣮ࡍͷίʔυ͸ׂѪ͢Δ͕ɺ 
େ·͔ʹҎԼͷखॱͰείʔϓΛղੳͰ͖Δɿ
ؔ਺એݴͷߏจ໦΁ͷPO@FOUFSͰ 
είʔϓΦϒδΣΫτΛ࡞੒͢Δ
࡞੒ͨ͠είʔϓΦϒδΣΫτΛ 
ݱࡏͷείʔϓͷελοΫʹੵΉ
ݟ͔ͭͬͨม਺એݴΛελοΫͷઌ಄ͷ 
είʔϓΦϒδΣΫτ΁Ճ͍͑ͯ͘
ؔ਺એݴͷߏจ໦͔ΒͷPO@MFBWFͰ 
ઌ಄ͷείʔϓΦϒδΣΫτΛ 
ελοΫ͔ΒऔΓআ͘

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• https://github.com/estools/escope
• https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop 
ͷ VariableForce
• https://github.com/Kuniwak/vint 
ͷ scope_plugin
ࢀߟʹͳΔείʔϓղੳͷ࣮૷

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૸ࠪؔ਺ͷ࣮૷Ͱઆ໌͠ͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ
w ૸ࠪͷதஅ΍ࢠͷ୳ࡧͷεΩοϓػೳ
w ύϑΥʔϚϯεվળͷͨΊʹॏཁ
w ୈڃؔ਺Λ࢖Θͳ͍૸ࠪؔ਺ͷ࣮૷
w ݴޠʹΑͬͯ͸ؔ਺ΛҾ਺ʹ౉ͤͳ͍͜ͱ΋͋Δ
w ͦͷ৔߹͸(P'ͷ7JTJUPSύλʔϯͰ୅ସՄೳ

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૸ࠪؔ਺ͷ·ͱΊ
w ந৅ߏจ໦ͷ૸ࠪؔ਺Λఆ͓ٛͯ͘͠ͱศར
w ૸ࠪؔ਺ͷ࣮૷͸೉͘͠ͳ͍
w ૸ࠪؔ਺͸͞·͟·ͳॲཧ΁Ԡ༻Ͱ͖Δ

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؆୯ͳ੩తղੳΛ 
࣮૷ͯ͠ΈΑ͏
Α͏΍͘ΰʔϧ

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if isEmpty('') {
//CATCH_ME_IF_YOU_CAN
}
͓୊͸ɺੜҙؾͳίϝϯτ਺Λใࠂ͢Δ੩తղੳ
report_specific_comments(text)
# Found 1 namaiki comments!

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ߏจղੳͯ͠ந৅ߏจ໦Λ࡞੒͢Δ
ந৅ߏจ໦Λ૸ࠪͯ͠ྫͷίϝϯτΛूΊΔ
ूΊͨίϝϯτΛใࠂ͢Δ
࣮૷ͷྲྀΕ

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def report_namaiki_comments(text):
node = parse_program(text)
if node is None:
print("Syntax Error!")
return
namaiki_comments = find_nodes(node, is_namaiki_comment)
print("Found {count} comments!".format(count=len(namaiki_comments)))
def is_namaiki_comment(entered_node):
if not isinstance(entered_node, CommentStatementNode):
return False
comment_node = entered_node
return "CATCH_ME_IF_YOU_CAN" in comment_node.comment_content
ίʔυ͔ΒੜҙؾͳίϝϯτΛݟ͚ͭͯ਺Λใࠂ͢Δؔ਺

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if node is None:
return
return False
ίʔυΛߏจղੳͯ͠ந৅ߏจ໦Λ࡞੒͢Δ

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if node is None:
return
return False
ߏจղੳʹࣦഊͨ͠ΒɺߏจΤϥʔΛදࣔ

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if node is None:
return
return False
૸ࠪؔ਺ͷར༻ྫͱ࣮ͯ͠૷ͨ͠ɺݕࡧؔ਺Λ࢖ͬͯੜҙؾͳίϝϯτΛूΊΔ

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if node is None:
return
return False
ݕࡧؔ਺ͷ৚݅ʹࢦఆͨ͠ɺੜҙؾίϝϯτ͔Ͳ͏͔൑ఆ͢Δؔ਺

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if node is None:
return
return False
·ͣɺந৅ߏจ໦͕ίϝϯτจͰͳ͚Ε͹ɺ 
ੜҙؾͳίϝϯτͰ͸ͳ͍ͷͰɺ'BMTFΛฦͯ͠ऴྃ

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if node is None:
return
return False
ίϝϯτจͩͬͨ৔߹ɺίϝϯτͷ಺༰ʹੜҙؾͳ 
΋ͷؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΕ͹5SVFɺͦΕҎ֎͸'BMTFΛฦ͢

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if node is None:
return
return False
ઌ΄Ͳͷؔ਺Ͱ5SVF͕ฦ͞Εͨந৅ߏจ໦ʢੜҙؾͳίϝϯτʣ͕ 
Ұཡʹͯ͠ฦ͞ΕΔ

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if node is None:
return
return False
ੜҙؾͳίϝϯτͷ਺Λใࠂͯ͠ऴྃ

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if node is None:
return
return False
ߏจղੳثɾ૸ࠪؔ਺ɾݕࡧؔ਺Λ 
૊Έ߹Θͤͯ࢖͏͜ͱͰɺͱͯ΋ 
؆୯ʹ੩తݕࠪΛ࣮૷Ͱ͖ͨ

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؆୯ͳ੩తݕࠪͷ࣮૷·ͱΊ
੩తݕࠪ͸ɺߏจղੳثɾ૸ࠪؔ਺ɾݕࡧؔ਺Λ 
૊Έ߹ΘͤΔ͜ͱͰɺ͘͝؆୯ʹ࣮૷Ͱ͖Δ

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ෳࡶͳ੩తղੳΛ 
෼ׂ͢ΔςΫχοΫ
ΰʔϧୡ੒ͷͦͷઌ΁

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ઌ΄Ͳ͸ͭͷ੩తݕࠪϧʔϧͷΈΛ࣮૷͕ͨ͠ɺ 
ݱ࣮ʹ͸ෳ਺ͷݕࠪϧʔϧΛ࣮૷͢Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍
͜ͷͱ͖ɺͲͷΑ͏ʹίʔυΛ෼ׂ͢Δ͔ʹΑͬͯ 
อकੑ͕େ͖͘มΘΔ

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ݕࠪϧʔϧʹΑΔ෼ׂΛ঺հ
༗໊ͳ੩తղੳπʔϧͷ൒਺Ҏ্͕࠾༻͍ͯ͠Δ

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ݕࠪϧʔϧʹΑΔ෼ׂͰ͸ɺͭͷݕࠪϧʔϧ͕ 
ͭͷίϯϙʔωϯτʢΫϥεPSؔ਺ʣʹରԠ͢Δ
͜ΕʹΑͬͯݕࠪϧʔϧ͕͓ޓ͍ʹૄʹͳΓɺ 
ݕࠪϧʔϧͷ௥Ճमਖ਼࡟আΛ΍Γ΍͘͢ͳΔ

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class Policy:
def get_violations(self, node):
ݕࠪϧʔϧͷڞ௨ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛܾΊΔ

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class Policy:
ந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυ͔Βݟ͔ͭͬͨ໰୊Λɺจࣈྻͷ 
഑ྻͱͯ͠ฦ͢ϝιουɻ͜ͷϝιου͸ɺ΄͔ͷ 
ίϯϙʔωϯτ಺Ͱ૸ࠪؔ਺͔Βݺ͹ΕΔΠϝʔδ

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class Policy:
ྫ͑͹ɺҾ਺ʹੜҙؾͳίϝϯτจ͕͖ͨΒ 
ࢦఠϝοηʔδΛฦ࣮͢૷΍ɺJGจ͕͖ͨΒ 
৚݅෦෼ͷࣜΛݕࠪ͢Δͧɺͱ͍͏࣮૷͕͋Γ͑Δ
ॏཁͳͷ͸ɺݕࠪϧʔϧ͕ผͳΒผͷΫϥεʹ 
෼ׂ࣮ͯ͠૷͢Δ͜ͱɻҰॹʹ͢Δͱอक͕େมʹͳΔ

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class NamaikiCommentPolicy(Policy):
if not is_namaiki_comment(node):
return []
return ["FOUND YOU!"]
return False
લʹ࣮૷ͨ͠ͷͱಉ͡ɺੜҙؾͳίϝϯτจΛࢦఠ͢Δݕࠪϧʔϧ

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return []
return False
Ҿ਺ͷந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυ͕ੜҙؾͳίϝϯτจʼͳΒɺ 
ʮݟ͚ͭͨͧʂʯͱ͍͏ϝοηʔδΛฦ͢Α͏ʹ࣮૷

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return []
return False
ੜҙؾͳίϝϯτจΛ൑ఆ͢Δؔ਺͸લͷ΋ͷΛྲྀ༻

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class Policies(Policy):
def __init__(self, policies):
self.policies = policies
return reduce(
lambda violations, policy: violations + policy.get_violations(node),
self.policies,
[]
)
ෳ਺ͷݕࠪϧʔϧΛଋͶΔݕࠪϧʔϧΛ४උ

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return reduce(
self.policies,
[]
)
ݕࠪϧʔϧͱಉ͡ڞ௨ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ࣮૷͢Δ

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return reduce(
self.policies,
[]
)
಺෦ͷෳ਺ͷݕࠪϧʔϧΛϧʔϓͯ͠ݕࠪͯ͠ɺ݁ՌΛ߹੒ͯ͠ฦ͢

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def lint(text):
if node is None:
return ["Syntax Error!"]
policies = Policies([NamaikiCommentPolicy()])
violations_buffer = []
def collect_violations(entered_node):
violations = policies.get_violations(entered_node)
violations_buffer.append(violations)
traverse(node, collect_violations)
all_violations = []
return reduce(add, violations_buffer, all_violations)

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def lint(text):
if node is None:
all_violations = []
ෳ਺ͷݕࠪϧʔϧͰ·ͱΊͯݕࠪ͢Δؔ਺

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def lint(text):
if node is None:
all_violations = []
༩͑ΒΕͯจࣈྻΛߏจղੳͯ͠ந৅ߏจ໦Λ࡞੒

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def lint(text):
if node is None:
all_violations = []
ߏจղੳʹࣦഊͨ͠ΒɺߏจղੳࣦഊͷϝοηʔδΛ݁Ռͱͯ͠ฦ͢

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def lint(text):
if node is None:
all_violations = []
ෳ਺ͷݕࠪϧʔϧΛଋͶͯɺͭͷݕࠪϧʔϧʹ·ͱΊΔ 
ʢ͜ͷྫͰ͸ɺੜҙؾͳίϝϯτΛݕࠪ͢Δϧʔϧ͚ͩʣ

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def lint(text):
if node is None:
all_violations = []
ݕࠪϝοηʔδΛूΊΔ഑ྻΛ४උ

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def lint(text):
if node is None:
all_violations = []
༩͑ΒΕͨந৅ߏจ໦ͷϊʔυ͔ΒɺݕࠪϝοηʔδΛूΊΔؔ਺

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def lint(text):
if node is None:
all_violations = []
ந৅ߏจ໦Λ૸ࠪͯ͠ɺݕࠪϝοηʔδΛूΊ͍ͯ͘

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def lint(text):
if node is None:
all_violations = []
ू·ͬͨݕࠪϝοηʔδΛͭͷ഑ྻʹ·ͱΊͯฦ͢

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text = "if isEmpty('') {\n// CATCH_ME_IF_YOU_CAN\n}\n"
violations = lint(text)
ෳ਺ͷݕࠪϧʔϧͰ੩తղੳͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ

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ݕࠪϧʔϧʹΑΔ෼ׂͷ·ͱΊ
w ੩తݕࠪͷݕࠪϧʔϧ͸ݸผͷίϯϙʔωϯτ 
ͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͢Δͱอक͠΍͍͢
w ଟ͘ͷ੩తݕࠪπʔϧ͸͜ͷύλʔϯʹԊͬͯ 
࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯΔ

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ଞʹ΋࣮૷ύλʔϯ͸ͨ͘͞Μ͋Δ͕ɺ 
࣌ؒͷ౎߹ʢͱࠓͷମྗʣͰ͸঺հ͖͠Εͳ͍
͞Βʹ஌Γ͍ͨํ͸ɺʮ7JNTDSJQUͷ-JOU࡞ऀʹ 
ΑΔ୭ಘσβΠϯύλʔϯʯͱ͍͏هࣄΛࢀর
https://qiita.com/Kuniwak/items/d6a2d22711e4d7856edd

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࣮ࡍͷ੩తݕࠪπʔϧͷ 
࣮૷ΛಡΜͰΈΑ͏
ීஈ࢖͍ͬͯΔ

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1ZUIPO
w ߏจղੳث
w BTUQBSTFʢඪ४ϥΠϒϥϦʣ
w ૸ࠪؔ਺
w BTU/PEF7JTJUPSʢඪ४ϥΠϒϥϦʣ
w ੩తݕࠪϧʔϧ
w $IFDLFS53:ʢQZqBLFTͷQZqBLTDIFDLFSQZʣ

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3VCZ
w ߏจղੳث
w 1BSTFS3VCZ 
(JU)VCͷXIJUFRVBSLQBSTFSͷMJCQBSTFSSVCZZ

w ૸ࠪؔ਺
w 3VCPDPQ"455SBWFSTBM 
3VCPDPQͷMJCSVCPDPQBTUUSBWFSTBMSC

w ੩తݕࠪϧʔϧ
w 3VCPDPQ$PQ-JOU&NQUZ&OTVSF 
3VCPDPQͷMJCSVCPDPQDPQMJOUFNQUZ@FOTVSFSC

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+BWB4DSJQU
w ߏจղੳث
w 1BSTFSʢ(JU)VCͷBDPSOKTBDPSOͷTSDTUBUFKT

w ૸ࠪؔ਺
w 5SBWFSTFUSBWFSTF 
&4-JOUͷMJCVUJMUSBWFSTFKT

w ੩తݕࠪϧʔϧ
w SVMFTOPFNQUZGVODUJPO 
&4-JOUͷMJCSVMFTOPFNQUZGVODUJPOKT

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͜Ε·Ͱͷ஌ࣝʹΑͬͯ 
࡞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ΋ͷ
కΊ͘͘Γʹ

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ෳ਺ͷݕࠪϧʔϧʹΑΔ੩తݕࠪ
https://github.com/Kuniwak/Vint

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$44ͷந৅ߏจ໦Λൺֱ͢Δπʔϧ
https://github.com/mixi-inc/css-semdiff
extra:
.extra-1 {
border: none;
}
missing:
.missing-1 {
border: none;
}
---------------------------------

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؆қతͳߏจղੳͰґଘؔ܎σʔλϕʔεΛ࡞੒

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·ͱΊ
੩తղੳΛߏ੒͢Δجຊతͳߟ͑ํΛ঺հɿ
w ந৅ߏจ໦
w ߏจղੳ
w ૸ࠪؔ਺
w ݕࠪϧʔϧͷ෼ׂ
੩తղੳ͸ҙ֎ͱ؆୯ʹ࣮૷Ͱ͖·͢

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ࢀߟจݙ
͍·Ͳ͖ͷϓϩάϥϜݴޠͷ࡞ΓํʢஶSBOEZʣ
https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4839919232
.POBEJD1BSTFS$PNCJOBUPS
http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~pszgmh/monparsing.pdf
#
"

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事前知識なしで理解する、静的検査のいろは / Introduction about static analysis without previous knowledge

事前知識なしで理解する、静的検査のいろは / Introduction about static analysis without previous knowledge

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