Petri Nets Based Testing

A talk about automated exploratory testing based on Petri net models for Saint P RubyConf 2018. Pretty much the English version of https://speakerdeck.com/p0deje/tiestirovaniie-na-osnovie-sietiei-pietri.

Transcript

1. PETRI NETS
   
   
   BASED TESTING
   

   View Slide

2. 👋
   Alex Rodionov
   
   
   2
   

   View Slide

3. 3
   👋
   Alex Rodionov
   
   
   

   View Slide

4. 👋
   Alex Rodionov
   
   
   @p0deje
   4
   

   View Slide

5. 5
   👋
   Alex Rodionov
   
   
   @p0deje
   

   View Slide

6. 6
   👋
   Alex Rodionov
   
   
   @p0deje
   

   View Slide

7. 7
   👋
   Alex Rodionov
   
   
   @p0deje
   

   View Slide

8. PETRI NETS
   
   
   BASED TESTING
   

   View Slide

9. 1. Insuf
   fi
   ciency of usual tests
   

   

   

   

   View Slide

10. 1. Insuf
    fi
    ciency of usual tests
    
    
    2. Model-based testing
    

    

    

    View Slide

11. 1. Insuf
    fi
    ciency of usual tests
    
    
    2. Model-based testing
    
    
    3. Petri nets
    

    

    View Slide

12. 1. Insuf
    fi
    ciency of usual tests
    
    
    2. Model-based testing
    
    
    3. Petri nets
    
    
    4. Petri nets based testing
    

    View Slide

13. 1. Insuf
    fi
    ciency of usual tests
    
    
    2. Model-based testing
    
    
    3. Petri nets
    
    
    4. Petri nets based testing
    

    View Slide

14. USUAL TEST
    A
    
    
    A
    
    
    A
    14
    

    View Slide

15. Arrange: set up preconditions
    
    
    A
    
    
    A
    15
    USUAL TEST
    

    View Slide

16. Arrange: set up preconditions
    
    
    Act: execute operation we’re testing
    
    
    A
    16
    USUAL TEST
    

    View Slide

17. Arrange: set up preconditions
    
    
    Act: execute operation we’re testing
    
    
    Assert: verify results
    17
    USUAL TEST
    

    View Slide

18. 18
    USUAL TEST
    Arrange: set up preconditions
    
    
    Act: execute operation we’re testing
    
    
    Assert: verify results
    

    View Slide

19. 19
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    
    
    end
    
    
    

    View Slide

20. 20
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    end
    
    
    it 'destroys user’ do
    
    
    user = User.create!
    
    
    user.destroy
    
    
    expect(User.count).to eq(0)
    
    
    end
    

    View Slide

21. 21
    arrange
    
    
    act
    
    
    assert
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    
    
    end
    
    
    it 'destroys user’ do
    
    
    user = User.create!
    
    
    user.destroy
    
    
    expect(User.count).to eq(0)
    
    
    end
    

    View Slide

22. 22
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    end
    
    
    
    
    it 'destroys user’ do
    
    
    user = User.create!
    
    
    user.destroy
    
    
    expect(User.count).to eq(0)
    
    
    end
    

    View Slide

23. 23
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    has_many :notes
    
    
    end
    
    
    class Note < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    belongs_to :user
    
    
    end
    
    
    it 'destroys user’ do
    
    
    user = User.create!
    
    
    user.destroy
    
    
    expect(User.count).to eq(0)
    
    
    end
    

    View Slide

24. 24
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    has_many :notes
    
    
    end
    
    
    class Note < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    belongs_to :user
    
    
    end
    
    
    it 'destroys user with a note’ do
    
    
    user = User.create!(note: Note.create!)
    
    
    user.destroy
    
    
    expect(User.count).to eq(0)
    
    
    end
    

    View Slide

25. 25
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    has_many :notes
    
    
    end
    
    
    class Note < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    belongs_to :user
    
    
    end
    
    
    it 'destroys user with a note’ do
    
    
    user = User.create!(note: Note.create!)
    
    
    user.destroy
    
    
    expect(User.count).to eq(0)
    
    
    end
    

    View Slide

26. 26
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    has_many :notes
    
    
    end
    
    
    class Note < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    belongs_to :user
    
    
    end
    
    
    ActiveRecord
    :
    :
    InvalidForeignKey:
    
    
    PG
    :
    :
    ForeignKeyViolation: ERROR
    :
    
    update or delete on table "users" violates
    
    
    foreign key constraint “fk_rails_83d9817008"
    
    
    on table "notes"
    
    
    DETAIL
    :
    Key (id)=(1) is still referenced
    
    
    from table “notes".
    

    View Slide

27. 27
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    has_many :notes, dependent: :destroy
    
    
    end
    
    
    class Note < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    belongs_to :user
    
    
    end
    
    
    it 'destroys user with a note’ do
    
    
    user = User.create!(note: Note.create!)
    
    
    user.destroy
    
    
    expect(User.count).to eq(0)
    
    
    end
    

    View Slide

28. 28
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    has_many :notes, dependent: :destroy
    
    
    end
    
    
    class Note < ApplicationRecord
    
    
    belongs_to :user
    
    
    end
    
    
    it 'destroys user with a note’ do
    
    
    user = User.create!(note: Note.create!)
    
    
    user.destroy
    
    
    expect(User.count).to eq(0)
    
    
    end
    

    View Slide

29. STATE COMBINATIONS
    29
    

    View Slide

30. STATE COMBINATIONS
    30
    

    View Slide

31. STATE COMBINATIONS
    31
    

    View Slide

32. STATE COMBINATIONS
    32
    

    View Slide

33. STATE COMBINATIONS
    33
    

    View Slide

34. STATE COMBINATIONS
    34
    

    View Slide

35. 35
    1.Write more tests?
    STATE COMBINATIONS
    

    View Slide

36. 36
    1.Write more tests?
    
    
    2.Randomize test data?
    STATE COMBINATIONS
    

    View Slide

37. 1. Insuf
    fi
    ciency of usual tests
    
    
    2. Model-based testing
    
    
    3. Petri nets
    
    
    4. Petri nets based testing
    

    View Slide

38. MODEL-BASED TESTING
    38
    1.Create model of the system.
    
    
    

    View Slide

39. MODEL-BASED TESTING
    39
    1.Create model of the system.
    
    
    2.Generate tests based on this model.
    

    View Slide

40. GRAPHWALKER
    40
    

    View Slide

41. yEd
    41
    

    View Slide

42. EXAMPLE
    42
    

    View Slide

43. 43
    EXAMPLE
    

    View Slide

44. 44
    EXAMPLE
    

    View Slide

45. 45
    EXAMPLE
    

    View Slide

46. 46
    EXAMPLE
    

    View Slide

47. 47
    EXAMPLE
    

    View Slide

48. 48
    EXAMPLE
    

    View Slide

49. GRAPHWALKER
    1.Java or Python.
    
    
    2.Finite-state machine.
    49
    

    View Slide

50. FINITE-STATE MACHINE
    50
    

    View Slide

51. 51
    FINITE-STATE MACHINE
    

    View Slide

52. 52
    FINITE-STATE MACHINE
    

    View Slide

53. 53
    FINITE-STATE MACHINE
    

    View Slide

54. 54
    FINITE-STATE MACHINE
    

    View Slide

55. 55
    FINITE-STATE MACHINE
    

    View Slide

56. 1.Duplication.
    
    
    2.Concurrency = state explosion.
    56
    FINITE-STATE MACHINE
    

    View Slide

57. 1. Insuf
    fi
    ciency of usual tests
    
    
    2. Model-based testing
    
    
    3. Petri nets
    
    
    4. Petri nets based testing
    

    View Slide

58. PETRI NET
    58
    not created
    Create User
    created
    

    View Slide

59. 59
    places store tokens
    
    
    
    
    not created
    Create User
    created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

60. 60
    places store tokens
    
    
    
    
    transitions move tokens
    not created
    Create User
    created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

61. 61
    places store tokens
    
    
    arcs connect places and transitions
    
    
    transitions move tokens
    not created
    Create User
    created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

62. 62
    places store tokens
    
    
    arcs connect places and transitions
    
    
    transitions move tokens
    not created
    Create User
    created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

63. 63
    places store tokens
    
    
    arcs connect places and transitions
    
    
    transitions move tokens
    not created
    Create User
    created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

64. 64
    place not created has a token
    
    
    not created
    Create User
    created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

65. 65
    transition Create User is
    enabled (can
    fi
    re)
    not created
    Create User
    created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

66. 66
    fi
    ring removes token from
    not created and adds token
    to created
    not created
    Create User
    created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

67. 67
    1. Places can only be connected to transitions (and vice versa).
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

68. 68
    1. Places can only be connected to transitions (and vice versa).
    
    
    2. Transitions can
    fi
    re if every incoming place has at least one
    token.
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

69. 69
    1. Places can only be connected to transitions (and vice versa).
    
    
    2. Transitions can
    fi
    re if every incoming place has at least one
    token.
    
    
    3. Firing transition consumes (removes) one token from each
    incoming place and produces (adds) one token to each
    outgoing place.
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

70. not created
    Create User
    created
    70
    ip allowed
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

71. 71
    not created
    Create User
    created
    ip allowed
    not created
    Create User
    created
    ip allowed
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

72. 72
    pending review
    not created
    Create User
    created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

73. 73
    pending review
    not created
    Create User
    created
    pending review
    not created
    Create User
    created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

74. 74
    not created
    Create User
    created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

75. 75
    PETRI NET
    not created
    Create User
    created
    not created
    Create User
    created
    

    View Slide

76. 76
    FINITE-STATE MACHINE
    

    View Slide

77. 77
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

78. 78
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

79. 79
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

80. 80
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    Create Note
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

81. 81
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    Create Note
    Destroy Note
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

82. 82
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    Create Note
    Destroy Note
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

83. 83
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    Create Note
    Destroy Note
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

84. 84
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    Create Note
    Destroy Note
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

85. FINITE-STATE MACHINE
    85
    

    View Slide

86. 86
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    Create Note
    Destroy Note
    post created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

87. 87
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    Create Note
    Destroy Note
    post created
    Create Post
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

88. 88
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    Create Note
    Destroy Note
    post created
    Create Post Destroy Post
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

89. 89
    FINITE-STATE MACHINE
    

    View Slide

90. 90
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    Create Note
    Destroy Note
    post created
    Create Post Destroy Post
    video created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

91. 91
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    Create Note
    Destroy Note
    post created
    Create Post Destroy Post
    Create Video
    video created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

92. 92
    user not created
    user created
    note created
    Create User
    Destroy User
    Create Note
    Destroy Note
    post created
    Create Post Destroy Post
    Create Video Destroy Video
    video created
    PETRI NET
    

    View Slide

93. 1. Insuf
    fi
    ciency of usual tests
    
    
    2. Model-based testing
    
    
    3. Petri nets
    
    
    4. Petri nets based testing
    

    View Slide

94. PETRI NETS BASED TESTING
    94
    

    View Slide

95. 1.Create model of the system using
    Petri net.
    95
    PETRI NETS BASED TESTING
    

    View Slide

96. 1.Create model of the system using
    Petri net.
    
    
    2.Generate tests based on this model.
    96
    PETRI NETS BASED TESTING
    

    View Slide

97. CREATE MODEL
    97
    

    View Slide

98. 98
    {
    
    
    "places": [
    
    
    {
    
    
    "guid": "e57c0830-148f-11e8-bb7f
    -
    adf9986e1043",
    
    
    "identifier": "user created"
    
    
    }
    
    
    ],
    
    
    "transitions": [
    
    
    {
    
    
    "guid": “df65a6e0-148f-11e8-bb7f
    -
    adf9986e1043"
    
    
    "identifier": "Create User",
    
    
    }
    
    
    ],
    
    
    "arcs": [
    
    
    {
    
    
    "from_guid": "e57c0830-148f-11e8-bb7f
    -
    adf9986e1043",
    
    
    "to_guid": “df65a6e0-148f-11e8-bb7f
    -
    adf9986e1043"
    
    
    }
    
    
    ]
    
    
    }
    
    
    CREATE MODEL
    

    View Slide

99. LOAD NET
    99
    

    View Slide

100. 100
     class Node
     
     
     def input_arcs
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     def output_arcs
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     end
     LOAD NET
     

     View Slide

101. 101
     class Node
     
     
     def input_arcs
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     def output_arcs
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     end
     class Place < Node
     
     
     end
     LOAD NET
     

     View Slide

102. 102
     class Node
     
     
     def input_arcs
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     def output_arcs
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     end
     class Place < Node
     
     
     end
     class Transition < Node
     
     
     end
     LOAD NET
     

     View Slide

103. 103
     class Node
     
     
     def input_arcs
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     def output_arcs
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     end
     class Place < Node
     
     
     end
     class Transition < Node
     
     
     end
     class Arc
     
     
     def from
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     def to
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     end
     LOAD NET
     

     View Slide

104. 104
     class Runner
     
     
     def enabled?(transition)
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     def fire(transition)
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     def marking
     
     
     #
     ..
     .
     
     end
     
     
     end
     LOAD NET
     

     View Slide

105. LINK NET TO TEST CODE
     105
     

     View Slide

106. 106
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     LINK NET TO TEST CODE
     

     View Slide

107. 107
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     class UserNoteNet < Rhizome
     ::
     Net
     
     
     
     
     end
     

     View Slide

108. 108
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     class UserNoteNet < Rhizome
     ::
     Net
     
     
     runner { Runner.new('user
     -
     note.bpf', marking: ['user not created']) }
     
     
     end
     

     View Slide

109. 109
     class UserNoteNet < Rhizome
     ::
     Net
     
     
     runner { Runner.new('user
     -
     note.bpf', marking: ['user not created']) }
     
     
     transition('Create User') { @user = User.create! }
     
     
     transition('Destroy User') { @user.destroy }
     
     
     end
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     

     View Slide

110. 110
     class UserNoteNet < Rhizome
     ::
     Net
     
     
     runner { Runner.new('user
     -
     note.bpf', marking: ['user not created']) }
     
     
     transition('Create User') { @user = User.create! }
     
     
     transition('Destroy User') { @user.destroy }
     
     
     transition('Create Note') { @note = Note.create!(user: @user) }
     
     
     transition('Destroy Note') { @note.destroy }
     
     
     end
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     

     View Slide

111. 111
     class UserNoteNet < Rhizome
     ::
     Net
     
     
     runner { Runner.new('user
     -
     note.bpf', marking: ['user not created']) }
     
     
     transition('Create User') { @user = User.create! }
     
     
     transition('Destroy User') { @user.destroy }
     
     
     transition('Create Note') { @note = Note.create!(user: @user) }
     
     
     transition('Destroy Note') { @note.destroy }
     
     
     place('user not created') do
     
     
     empty { expect(User.count).to be > 0 }
     
     
     filled { expect(User.count).to eq(0) }
     
     
     end
     
     
     end
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     

     View Slide

112. 112
     class UserNoteNet < Rhizome
     ::
     Net
     
     
     runner { Runner.new('user
     -
     note.bpf', marking: ['user not created']) }
     
     
     transition('Create User') { @user = User.create! }
     
     
     transition('Destroy User') { @user.destroy }
     
     
     transition('Create Note') { @note = Note.create!(user: @user) }
     
     
     transition('Destroy Note') { @note.destroy }
     
     
     place('user not created') do
     
     
     empty { expect(User.count).to be > 0 }
     
     
     filled { expect(User.count).to eq(0) }
     
     
     end
     
     
     place('user created') do
     
     
     empty { expect(User.count).to eq(0) }
     
     
     filled { expect(User.count).to be > 0 }
     
     
     end
     
     
     end
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     

     View Slide

113. class UserNoteNet < Rhizome
     ::
     Net
     
     
     runner { Runner.new('user
     -
     note.bpf', marking: ['user not created']) }
     
     
     transition('Create User') { @user = User.create! }
     
     
     transition('Destroy User') { @user.destroy }
     
     
     transition('Create Note') { @note = Note.create!(user: @user) }
     
     
     transition('Destroy Note') { @note.destroy }
     
     
     place('user not created') do
     
     
     empty { expect(User.count).to be > 0 }
     
     
     filled { expect(User.count).to eq(0) }
     
     
     end
     
     
     place('user created') do
     
     
     empty { expect(User.count).to eq(0) }
     
     
     filled { expect(User.count).to be > 0 }
     
     
     end
     
     
     place('note created') do
     
     
     empty { expect(Note.count).to eq(0) }
     
     
     filled { expect(Note.count).to be > 0 }
     
     
     end
     
     
     end
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     113
     

     View Slide

114. TRAVERSE NET
     1.Give every transition same probability (4 transitions = 0.25 to each).
     114
     

     View Slide

115. TRAVERSE NET
     1.Give every transition same probability (4 transitions = 0.25 to each).
     
     
     2.Generate random number - a threshold of transition selection.
     115
     

     View Slide

116. TRAVERSE NET
     1.Give every transition same probability (4 transitions = 0.25 to each).
     
     
     2.Generate random number - a threshold of transition selection.
     
     
     3.Select the
     fi
     rst transition which is enabled and has probability suitable for
     the threshold.
     116
     

     View Slide

117. TRAVERSE NET
     1.Give every transition same probability (4 transitions = 0.25 to each).
     
     
     2.Generate random number - a threshold of transition selection.
     
     
     3.Select the
     fi
     rst transition which is enabled and has probability suitable for
     the threshold.
     
     
     4.Fire transition.
     117
     

     View Slide

118. TRAVERSE NET
     1.Give every transition same probability (4 transitions = 0.25 to each).
     
     
     2.Generate random number - a threshold of transition selection.
     
     
     3.Select the
     fi
     rst transition which is enabled and has probability suitable for
     the threshold.
     
     
     4.Fire transition.
     
     
     5.Verify empty and
     fi
     lled places.
     118
     

     View Slide

119. TRAVERSE NET
     1.Give every transition same probability (4 transitions = 0.25 to each).
     
     
     2.Generate random number - a threshold of transition selection.
     
     
     3.Select the
     fi
     rst transition which is enabled and has probability suitable for
     the threshold.
     
     
     4.Fire transition.
     
     
     5.Verify empty and
     fi
     lled places.
     
     
     6.Halve selected transition probability.
     119
     

     View Slide

120. TRAVERSE NET
     1.Give every transition same probability (4 transitions = 0.25 to each).
     
     
     2.Generate random number - a threshold of transition selection.
     
     
     3.Select the
     fi
     rst transition which is enabled and has probability suitable for
     the threshold.
     
     
     4.Fire transition.
     
     
     5.Verify empty and
     fi
     lled places.
     
     
     6.Halve selected transition probability.
     
     
     7.If all transitions
     fi
     red at least once - stop. Otherwise, repeat from point 2.
     120
     

     View Slide

121. 121
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     

     View Slide

122. 122
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     

     View Slide

123. 123
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Create Note
     
     
     New marking: user created, note created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Destroy Note
     
     
     

     View Slide

124. 124
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Create Note
     
     
     New marking: user created, note created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Destroy Note
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User
     
     
     

     View Slide

125. 125
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Create Note
     
     
     New marking: user created, note created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Destroy Note
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User
     
     
     Executing Destroy User
     
     
     New marking: user not created
     
     
     Finished traversing user_note net.
     

     View Slide

126. 126
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     

     View Slide

127. 127
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     

     View Slide

128. 128
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Destroy User
     
     
     New marking: user not created
     
     
     Transitions left: Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     

     View Slide

129. 129
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Destroy User
     
     
     New marking: user not created
     
     
     Transitions left: Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     

     View Slide

130. 130
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Destroy User
     
     
     New marking: user not created
     
     
     Transitions left: Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Create Note
     
     
     New marking: user created, note created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy Note
     
     
     

     View Slide

131. 131
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Destroy User
     
     
     New marking: user not created
     
     
     Transitions left: Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Create Note
     
     
     New marking: user created, note created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Destroy Note
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Finished traversing user_note net.
     

     View Slide

132. 132
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     

     View Slide

133. 133
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     

     View Slide

134. 134
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Create Note
     
     
     New marking: user created, note created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Destroy Note
     
     
     

     View Slide

135. 135
     $ bin/rhizome
     
     
     Traversing user_note net:
     
     
     Initial marking: user not created
     
     
     Executing Create User
     
     
     New marking: user created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Create Note, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Create Note
     
     
     New marking: user created, note created
     
     
     Transitions left: Destroy User, Destroy Note
     
     
     Executing Destroy User
     

     ActiveRecord
     ::
     InvalidForeignKey:
     
     
     PG
     :
     :
     ForeignKeyViolation: ERROR
     :
     update or delete
     
     
     on table "users" violates foreign key constraint
     "fk_rails_83d9817008" on table "notes"
     
     
     DETAIL
     :
     Key (id)=(1) is still referenced
     
     
     from table “notes".
     

     View Slide

136. RHIZOME
     1. Reproducible tests using seed.
     136
     

     View Slide

137. RHIZOME
     1. Reproducible tests using seed.
     
     
     2. Parallelize like any other test framework
     (parallel_tests).
     137
     

     View Slide

138. RHIZOME
     1. Reproducible tests using seed.
     
     
     2. Parallelize like any other test framework
     (parallel_tests).
     
     
     3. General purpose framework (API, UI).
     138
     

     View Slide

139. USUAL TEST (RSPEC)
     139
     RHIZOME
     

     View Slide

140. RHIZOME
     1000 LoC
     
     
     140
     100 LoC
     
     
     USUAL TEST (RSPEC)
     

     View Slide

141. RHIZOME
     1000 LoC
     
     
     1m
     141
     100 LoC
     
     
     1m
     USUAL TEST (RSPEC)
     

     View Slide

142. 1. Test coverage increased.
     142
     PETRI NETS BASED TESTING
     

     View Slide

143. 1. Test coverage increased.
     
     
     2. Time to run tests is the same.
     143
     PETRI NETS BASED TESTING
     

     View Slide

144. 1. Test coverage increased.
     
     
     2. Time to run tests is the same.
     
     
     3. Time to write and support tests decreased.
     144
     PETRI NETS BASED TESTING
     

     View Slide

145. P.S. What else?
     

     View Slide

146. 146
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     

     View Slide

147. 147
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     

     View Slide

148. 148
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     

     View Slide

149. 149
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     

     View Slide

150. 150
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     

     View Slide

151. RESET ARC
     151
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     clears place after
     fi
     ring
     

     View Slide

152. INHIBITOR ARC
     152
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     enables transition only if
     connected place has no
     tokens
     

     View Slide

153. user not created
     user created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     HIERARCHICAL PETRI NET
     153
     Note note created
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     

     View Slide

154. PETRI NET
     154
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     

     View Slide

155. COLORED PETRI NET
     155
     user not created
     user created
     note created
     Create User
     Destroy User
     Create Note
     Destroy Note
     token stores data
     

     View Slide

156. DELAYED TRANSITIONS
     
     
     TIMED PETRI NETS
     
     
     STOCHASTIC PETRI NETS
     
     
     ANALYSIS ALGORITHMS
     
     
     …
     156
     

     View Slide

157. 🙇
     Alex Rodionov
     
     
     @p0deje
     

     View Slide