EN_NR_17_-_Ergonomia_-_Rev._00.pdf

Transcript

1. NR 17 - ERGONOMICS
2. 2 3 4 1 Index Work organization; Individual lifting, transporting and unloading of loads; Workstation furniture; Work with machines, equipment and hand tools; Introduction; Field of application; Assessment of work situations; 5 6 7 8 Comfortable conditions in the work environment.
3. INTRODUCTION The regulatory standard was originally issued by MTb Ordinance No. 3,214, of June 8, 1978, in order to regulate articles 175, 176, 178, 198 and 199 of the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), as amended by Law No. 6,514, of December 22, 1977, which amended Chapter V (Occupational Safety and Medicine) of Title II of the CLT. Characterized as a General Standard by SIT Ordinance No. 787, of November 28, 2018, the wording of NR- 17 establishes parameters to allow the adaptation of working conditions to the psychophysiological characteristics of workers. Without the creation of a National Tripartite Thematic Commission (CNTT) to permanently monitor the implementation of NR-17, updates to the standard are discussed directly within the scope of the Permanent Tripartite Joint Commission (CTPP)*.
4. FIELD OF APPLICATION This Standard applies to all work situations, related to the conditions provided for in subitem 17.1.1.1, of organizations and public bodies of direct and indirect administration, as well as bodies of the Legislative, Judiciary and Public Prosecutor's Office that have employees governed by the Consolidation of Labor Laws - CLT. GENERAL INDUSTRY DESK TRANSPORT
5. ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK SITUATION When we talk about evaluating the work situation, we have the following factors: Physicists; Cognitive; Environmental; Social; and Organizational. There is a lot of talk about ergonomics and how it is essential to ensure comfort and well-being for workers, in addition to reducing the risk of accidents and occupational diseases. Do you know the different types of ergonomics? Learn more about them and how to identify them in your company.
6. PHYSICAL ERGONOMICS posture repetitive movement
7. FLAMMABLES: CHARACTERISTICS, PROPERTIES, DANGERS AND RISKS Basic definition is: Flammable liquids: These are liquids that have a flash point <60 °C Combustible liquids: These are liquids with a flash point > 60 ° C and < 93 ° C. Flammable gases: Gases that ignite in air at 20°C and a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa. The International System (SI) defines the PASCAL (Pa) as a unit of pressure being equal to one Newton per square meter The ABNT NBR 7505 standard, for example, considers as a flammable liquid any product that has a flash point below 37.8° C and an absolute vapor pressure equal to or less than 2.8 kgf/cm2. Flash point: Lowest temperature of a liquid or solid at which vapors mixed with the atmosphere, and in the presence of an ignition source, initiate the combustion reaction.
8. COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL CONTROL FOR WORK WITH FLAMMABLE MATERIALS Explosion-proof lighting (EX) Signaling Sprinkler Chemical protective clothing Absence of vegetation Wheel chocks Portable fire extinguisher Anti-explosion bomb (EX)
9. The new NR 20 seeks to prevent and protect the health and safety of workers in the area. And thus seeks to eliminate and control risks involving flammable products and liquids. The most significant risk concerns leakage liability in the presence of ignition sources. Ignition sources can be as varied as possible and can generate sufficient temperatures to initiate the combustion process of most known flammable substances. IGNITION SOURCES AND THEIR CONTROL
10. SPARK The impact of a tool against a solid surface can generate a high temperature, due to friction, capable of ionizing the atoms present in the air molecules, allowing light to become visible. The temperature of a spark can reach 700° C. A cigarette ember can reach 1000°C
11. All compressed gas or vapor in a closed system undergoes natural heating. This understanding can generate temperature peaks that can reach, depending on the substance involved, more than 1000° C. This can happen, for example, when pure oxygen is compressed, rapidly going from 1 ATM to 200 ATM, in a pipeline or other system without the presence of a pressure regulator.
12. Party It is the easiest energy source to identify. Some oxy-fuel flames, for example, can reach temperatures ranging from 1,800° C (hydrogen or LPG with oxygen) to 3,100° C (acetylene/oxygen). In all the cases mentioned above, the temperatures generated are much higher than the auto-ignition temperature of most existing flammable substances, such as: Common greases- 500° C Gasoline- 400° C Methanol- 385° C Kerosene- 210° C
13. STATIC ENERGY Static electricity is an imbalance of electrical charges within or on the surface of a material. The buildup of charges remains until it can be moved by means of an electrical current or discharge. In this example we are looking at an LPG transport truck, the vehicle has a rubber tape with copper wires that removes static energy by conduction if the grounding is the asphalt.
14. FIRE PROTECTION WITH FLAMMABLES Fire and combustion are defined as a combustion reaction, involving the oxidation of a flammable or combustible product generating a large amount of heat (exothermic reaction). This reaction occurs when a flammable or combustible substance is combined with air, oxygen or another oxidizer in certain concentrations in the presence of an energy source. In the past, the components of fire were demonstrated using the fire triangle, which involved three basic elements: fuel, oxygen, and the ignition source. However, studies on the chemistry of fire have added a fourth element to the traditional fire triangle, called free radicals, creating the fire tetrahedron. Thus, if all of the elements are not present, the combustion reaction will not occur. Fuel: is the element used to propagate fire, it can be solid, liquid or gaseous. Combustible: any chemical agent that maintains combustion. The best-known oxidizers are: oxygen and, under certain conditions, chlorine. Ignition Source: This is the trigger for the reaction between fuel and oxidizer; and Chain reaction: The chain reaction makes the combustion self-sustaining. The heat radiated by the flames reaches the fuel and it is broken down into smaller particles, which combine with oxygen and burn, radiating heat back to the fuel, forming a constant cycle.
15. And still about fire, substances can have characteristics such as: FLASH POINT: is the minimum temperature at which combustible elements begin to release vapors, which can ignite when in contact with an external heat source. In this type of reaction, combustion stops when the external heat source is removed. FLASH POINT: is the minimum temperature at which gases released from fuel elements ignite when they come into contact with an external heat source and continue to burn even if the ignition source is removed. FLASH POINT: is the minimum temperature at which gases released from fuel elements ignite only through contact with oxygen in the air, regardless of any heat source.
16. Hoses Hydrant Protective equipment Signaling Gas or smoke detectors Sprinkler Portable extinguisher, poser: CO², PQS, water, foam To combat a fire or a fire, we need to be prepared with the equipment below. It is important to remember that inspections must be up to date to ensure perfect operation.
17. BASIC PROCEDURES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS WITH FLAMMABLES Installations that handle fuels and flammable materials are divided into classes, as per the following table. CLASS I a.As for the activity a.1- Service stations with flammable and/or combustible liquids. b) Regarding storage capacity, permanently and/or temporarily. b.1- Flammable gases: Above 2 tons up to 30 tons. b.2- Flammable and/or combustible liquids: above 10 m3 up to 5,000 m3.
18. CLASS II a.Regarding the activity: a.1- Flammable gas bottling plants. a.2- Pipeline transportation activities of flammable and/or combustible gases and liquids B) Regarding storage capacity, permanently or temporarily. b.1- Flammable gases: above 60 tons up to 600 tons. b.2- Flammable and/or combustible liquids: above 5,000 m3 up to 50,000 m3. Pipeline transport Bottling plants
19. CLASS III a.Regarding the activity: a.1- Refineries a.2- Natural gas processing units a.3- Petrochemical facilities a.4- Ethanol manufacturing plants and/or alcohol manufacturing units. B) Regarding storage capacity, permanently or temporarily. b.1- Flammable gases: above 600 tons b.2- Flammable and/or combustible liquids: above 50,000 m3 Ethanol manufacturing plant Refineries and petrochemical facilities
20. Care to be taken with packaging for the fractional transport of flammable liquids Flammable and combustible liquids must be packaged in packaging that is constructed in accordance with current official techniques, that is, constructed and sealed in such a way as to prevent any leaks caused by variations in temperature, humidity or pressure (resulting from climatic or geographical variations) under normal transport conditions due to lack of tightness.
21. The outside of the packaging must not be contaminated with any quantity of dangerous products, whether new or reused. The parts of the packaging that come into direct contact with the products must not be affected by chemical action or other actions of those products (if necessary, the packaging slabs must be provided with adequate internal coating or treatment), nor incorporated porate components that may react with the contents, forming harmful or dangerous combinations with them, or significantly weakening the packaging.
22. Equipment and facilities must be identified and signposted, in accordance with the provisions of NR's and national technical standards.
23. Identification of dangerous products The identification of risks of hazardous products for road transport is carried out by means of signage on the transport unit, consisting of an orange safety panel and a risk label, as well as by labeling the internal and external packaging. This information complies with the technical standards defined in the legislation on the transport of hazardous products. The information entered on the safety panel and risk label, as determined by legislation, includes the Risk Number and UN Number on the Safety Panel, and the Risk Symbol and Risk Class/Subclass on the Risk Label, as shown in Figure 1.
24. As seen in Figure 1, the risk number is fixed at the top of the Safety Panel and can consist of up to three digits (minimum of two), which indicate the nature and intensity of the risks, as established in Resolution No. 420, of 02/12/2004, of the National Land Transportation Agency (ANTT)/Ministry of Transportation (Table 2 below). Figure 2 Meaning of the digits of the risk numbers Number Meaning 2 Release of gas due to pressure or chemical reaction. 3 Flammability of liquids (vapors) and gases or liquid subject to self-heating. 4 Flammability of solids or solid subject to self-heating. 5 Oxidizing effect (intensifies fire). 6 Toxicity or risk of infection. 7 Radioactivity. 8 Corrosivity. 9 Risk of violent spontaneous reaction. X Substance that reacts dangerously with water (used as a prefix to the numerical code).
27. Class I installations The Preliminary Risk Analysis must be prepared (See model) In class II and III installations, analysis methodologies defined by a qualified professional must be used, and the choice must take into account the risks, characteristics and complexity of the installation.
28. Risk analyses should be reviewed: a.At the frequency established for the renewals of the installation's operating license b.Within the timeframe recommended by the analysis itself. c.If significant changes occur d.At the request of SESMT or CIPA. e.By recommendation resulting from the analysis of accidents or incidents related to Process or processing. f.When the history of accidents and incidents so requires. It is up to the employer to implement the recommendations resulting from the risk analyses, defining deadlines and those responsible for execution. These analyses must be articulated with the PPRA
29. Class Activity Class I Installation Class II Installation Class III installation Specific, punctual and short-lived Basic Course 8 hours Basic Course 8 hours Basic Course 8 hours Maintenance and Inspection Intermediate Course 16 hours Intermediate Course 16 hours Intermediate Course 16 hours Operation and emergency response Intermediate Course 16 hours Intermediate Course 24 hours Intermediate Course 32 hours Health and Safety at Work - Specific Course 16 hours Specific Course 16 hours
30. Prevention and control of leaks, spills, fires, explosions and fugitive emissions The employer must prepare a plan that includes the prevention and control of leaks, spills, fires and explosions and, in places subject to worker activity, the identification of sources of fugitive emissions. The plan must include all the means and actions necessary to minimize the risks of leakage, spillage, fire and explosion, as well as to reduce their consequences in the event of failure in the prevention and control systems. The Plan must be reviewed when: Based on recommendations from safety inspections and/or analysis a.of risks. b) When significant changes occur in the facilities c) When leaks, spills, fires occur or explosions.
31. Control of ignition sources. All electrical installations and fixed, mobile and portable electrical equipment, equipment Communication devices, tools and similar items used in classified areas, as well as lightning control equipment, must comply with Regulatory Standard No. 10. Work involving the use of equipment that may generate flames, heat or sparks in areas subject to the existence of flammable atmospheres must be preceded by a work permit. Signs must be clearly visible, prohibiting the use of ignition sources in these areas.
32. Emergency response plan The employer must prepare and implement an emergency response plan that includes specific actions to be taken in the event of leaks or spills of flammable and combustible liquids, fires or explosions. The emergency response plan must be prepared considering the characteristics and complexity of the installation and must include the name of the person responsible, contact details, emergency team to be activated, means of communication, etc. The Emergency Plan must be evaluated after the simulation exercises with the aim of testing its effectiveness, detecting possible failures and making the necessary adjustments. Exercises should be performed at least once a year.
33. OCCURRENCE REPORTING The Employer must inform the Regional Body of the Ministry of Labor and the Union of the category of the occurrence of a leak, fire or explosion involving flammable and combustible liquids that results in any of the following possibilities: Death Injuries resulting from exploration or 2nd or 3rd degree burns, which required hospital admission. Activation of the emergency response plan that required intervention measures. tion and control. The communication must be sent within the second business day after the occurrence. The Employer must prepare an investigation and analysis report of the occurrence, containing the basic causes and preventive measures adopted and keep it at the workplace at the disposal of the competent authority.
34. LPG is known as cooking gas, due to its main domestic application, estimated at around 90% of Brazilian demand. The gas specification must meet the requirements of the National Petroleum Agency (ANP), as per CNP Standard 02/Ver 3/75 and CNP Resolution no. 02/75, which establishes the following Types of LPG: Commercial propane Hydrocarbon mixture containing predominantly propane or propylene. It is indicated for systems that require high volatility and stable composition/vapor pressure. Commercial butane Hydrocarbon mixture containing predominantly butane or butenes. It is indicated for combustion systems with pre-vaporizers and that require compositions. stable tion/vapor pressure. Propane/Butane Mixtures Mixture of hydrocarbons with variable percentages of propane/propene and butanes/butenes. This is the product known as LPG or cooking gas. It is recommended for residential use. It can be used in industrial combustion systems that do not require a stable product composition.
35. Special Propane Hydrocarbon mixture containing at least 90% propane and at most 5% Propylene by volume. CHARACTERISTICS. LPG is composed of colorless gases (propane and butane) and has a characteristic odor due to presence of mercaptan. In general, LPG is considered a simple asphyxiant, although pure butane has a tolerance limit of 470 PPM and a medium level of unhealthiness.
36. Difference between LPG and CNG. We can never confuse LPG with CNG. This confusion has caused several accidents. LPG is a liquefied gas stored in low pressure cylinders (5 to 8 atm). While CNG is a permanently methane-based gas compressed only in the gas phase at high pressures, around 200 to 220 atm. Due to these differences, LPG cylinders are not capable of withstanding the filling of CNG at high pressures, which will inevitably result in the explosion of the LPG cylinder with a real possibility of serious injury or death. NR 20 does not apply only to LPG, but also to other flammable gases in the relevant technical aspects.
37. Storage Compressed gases must be stored in a separate location from other gases. Flammable gases (acetylene and LPG) must be separated from other gases by a minimum distance of 6 meters with signs of the type: Smoking Prohibited; Full and empty cylinder. The storage location for compressed gases must not contain liquid flammable products such as gasoline and alcohol and cannot be located underground or in depressions subject to flooding. Preferably, storage areas should be protected from the sun and weather and located in ventilated areas. All cylinders must be stored and transported with a Valve protection cap and secured with a chain or other device to prevent them from tipping over.
38. COMPLEMENTARY LEGISLATION For companies that work with any activity involving flammable and combustible gases and liquids, the following documents should be consulted: Decree No. 96,044 of 05/18/88 - Approves the Regulation for the Road Transportation of Dangerous Goods. ANTT Resolution No. 420 of 02/12/04 – Approves the complementary instructions to the Regulation ment of Land Transport of Dangerous Products replacing Ordinance No. 204/97 of the Ministry of Labor.
39. The company is jointly responsible for compliance with the new Regulatory Standard 20. The contracting company, aiming to comply with the provisions of NR 20, must verify and evaluate the performance in occupational health and safety in the contracted services. It is Transpetro's responsibility to inform CMI of the risks existing in the work environment and the respective safety and emergency response measures to be adopted.