GreenWeb: Language Extensions for Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Computing

Transcript

1. 1.

   GreenWeb: Language Extensions for Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Computing Yuhao Zhu

   The University of Texas at Austin with Vijay Janapa Reddi PLDI 2016 1
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   2 Web: Mobile Overtaking Desktop

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   0 30 60 90 120 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

   2016 2 Source: BIA/Kelsey Search Volume (B) Web: Mobile Overtaking Desktop
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   0 30 60 90 120 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

   2016 2 Source: BIA/Kelsey Search Volume (B) Mobile Desktop Web: Mobile Overtaking Desktop
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   0 30 60 90 120 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

   2016 2 Source: BIA/Kelsey Search Volume (B) Mobile Desktop Web: Mobile Overtaking Desktop
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   3 Web ≈ Mobile Web

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   Energy Concern Among Mobile Developers 4 [ICSE 2016] Manotas et

   al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
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   Energy Concern Among Mobile Developers 4 Percentage (%) 0 25

   50 75 100 Mobile Desktop Data Center Never/Rarely Sometimes Often/Almost Always “My applications have requirements about energy usage.” [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
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   Energy Concern Among Mobile Developers 4 Percentage (%) 0 25

   50 75 100 Mobile Desktop Data Center Never/Rarely Sometimes Often/Almost Always “My applications have requirements about energy usage.” [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
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    Energy Concern Among Mobile Developers 4 Percentage (%) 0 25

    50 75 100 Mobile Desktop Data Center Never/Rarely Sometimes Often/Almost Always “My applications have requirements about energy usage.” [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
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    Developers are Willing to Make Trade-offs 5 [ICSE 2016] Manotas

    et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
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    Developers are Willing to Make Trade-offs 5 Percentage (%) 0

    25 50 75 100 Mobile Never/Rarely Sometimes Often/Almost Always “I'm willing to sacrifice performance, etc. for reduced energy usage.” [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
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    Developers are Willing to Make Trade-offs 5 Percentage (%) 0

    25 50 75 100 Mobile Never/Rarely Sometimes Often/Almost Always “I'm willing to sacrifice performance, etc. for reduced energy usage.” [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
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    Energy-efficiency 6

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    Quality-of-service Energy-efficiency 6

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    Quality-of-service Energy-efficiency Conflicting requirements 6

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    Quality-of-service Energy-efficiency Conflicting requirements 7 GreenWeb Programming language support for

    balancing energy-efficiency and QoS in mobile Web computing
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    8 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS

    in mobile Web computing
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    GreenWeb 8 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and

    QoS in mobile Web computing
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    9 GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency ▸ Language abstractions for expressing

    QoS
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    9 ▸ Runtime that saves energy while meeting the QoS

    constraints GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency ▸ Language abstractions for expressing QoS
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    9 ▸ Runtime that saves energy while meeting the QoS

    constraints ▸ Result in 60% energy savings on real hardware/software implementations GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency ▸ Language abstractions for expressing QoS
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    9 ▸ Runtime the QoS constraints ▸ Result hardware/software implementations

    GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency ▸ Language abstractions for expressing QoS
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    10 What is QoS in mobile Web?

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    11 Understanding Mobile Web QoS

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    11 Performance QoS Experience Understanding Mobile Web QoS

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    11 Performance QoS Experience [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al.,

    “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS
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    11 Performance QoS Experience [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al.,

    “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS Too slow
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    11 Performance QoS Experience Unusable [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et

    al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS Too slow
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    11 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo

    et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS Too slow
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    11 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo

    et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS Too slow Diminishing Returns
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    11 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible [OSDI 1996] Y.

    Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS Too slow Diminishing Returns
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    12 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web

    QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
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    12 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web

    QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
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    12 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web

    QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
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    12 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web

    QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
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    12 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web

    QoS “Negative” Energy consumption Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
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    12 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web

    QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
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    12 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web

    QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
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    13 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Abstracting Mobile Web

    QoS
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    13 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Abstracting Mobile Web

    QoS ▸ Performance metric ▹ Frame latency vs. Frame throughput
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    13 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Abstracting Mobile Web

    QoS ▸ Performance metric ▹ Frame latency vs. Frame throughput QoS Type
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    13 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Abstracting Mobile Web

    QoS ▸ Performance metric ▹ Frame latency vs. Frame throughput ▸ Threshold performance values ▹ Imperceptible target vs. Usable target QoS Type
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    13 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Abstracting Mobile Web

    QoS ▸ Performance metric ▹ Frame latency vs. Frame throughput ▸ Threshold performance values ▹ Imperceptible target vs. Usable target QoS Type QoS Target
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    14 Expressing Mobile Web QoS

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    <html> <head> <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted

    */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> 14 Expressing Mobile Web QoS
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    <html> <head> <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted

    */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> 14 Expressing Mobile Web QoS element
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    <html> <head> <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted

    */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> 14 Expressing Mobile Web QoS element event
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    <html> <head> <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted

    */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> 14 Expressing Mobile Web QoS element event
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    <html> <head> <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted

    */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> 14 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Expressing QoS at an event granularity element event
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    <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ }

    </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 15 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation element event
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    <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ }

    </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 15 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation element event div { } ontouchend
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    { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation

    code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 15 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
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    { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation

    code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 15 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
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    { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation

    code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 15 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
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    { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation

    code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 15 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation function newAnimateMove() { /* New animation code */ } element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
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    { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation

    code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 15 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation function newAnimateMove() { /* New animation code */ } Implementation independent element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
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    { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation

    code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 15 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation function newAnimateMove() { /* New animation code */ } Implementation independent element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
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    { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation

    code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 15 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation function newAnimateMove() { /* New animation code */ } Implementation independent Non-interfering w.r.t. functionality element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
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    16 Original application GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process Manual

    Annotation
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    16 Original application GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process Automatic

    Annotation?
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    16 Original application GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process Automatic

    Annotation? ▸ AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations
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    16 GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process Automatic Annotation? ▸

    AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations DOM Tree
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    ▸ AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations 17

    GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process
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    ▸ AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations 17

    GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process Callback Instrumentation
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    ▸ AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations 17

    GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process QoS Information Event Profiling Callback Instrumentation
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    ▸ AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations 17

    GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process QoS Information Event Profiling Annotation Generation Callback Instrumentation
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    ▸ Language abstractions for expressing QoS 18 ▸ Runtime the

    QoS constraints ▸ Result hardware/software implementations GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency
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    ▸ Language abstractions 18 ▸ Runtime that saves energy while

    meeting the QoS constraints ▸ Result hardware/software implementations GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency
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    19 GreenWeb Runtime Overview

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    19 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event

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    19 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event QoS Annotations

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    19 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Enforcing event-level QoS at

    the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective QoS Annotations
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    QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms 19 GreenWeb Runtime

    Overview Frame Event Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
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    QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms 19 GreenWeb Runtime

    Overview Frame Event Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
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    QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms 19 GreenWeb Runtime

    Overview Frame Event Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
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    QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms 19 GreenWeb Runtime

    Overview Frame Event 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
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    QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms throughput 19 GreenWeb

    Runtime Overview Frame Event 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
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    QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms throughput 19 GreenWeb

    Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
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    19 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame Time Event

    16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective QoS target: 2 s
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    19 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame Time Event

    Frame 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective 2 s QoS target: 2 s
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    19 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame Time Event

    Frame 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently { Runtime Objective 2 s QoS target: 2 s
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    19 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame Time Event

    Frame 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Frame Association { Runtime Objective 1 2 s
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    19 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame Time Event

    Frame 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Frame Association Frame Scheduling { Runtime Objective 1 2 2 s
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    20 Frame Association Scripting Style Layout Paint Composite Frame Event

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    21 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Event

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    21 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Browser

    Process Renderer Process GPU Process Event
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    21 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Browser

    Process Renderer Process GPU Process Event Main Thread Compositor Thread
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    21 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Browser

    Process Renderer Process GPU Process Event Main Thread Compositor Thread IPC Inter-thread Message
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    22 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Browser

    Process Renderer Process GPU Process Event Frame S S L P C
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    22 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Browser

    Process Renderer Process GPU Process Event Frame S S L P C Distribute QoS information along with the communication messages
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    Choices of Energy-saving Techniques 23 GreenWeb can support a range

    of energy saving techniques
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    Choices of Energy-saving Techniques 23 GreenWeb can support a range

    of energy saving techniques ▹Dynamic resolution scaling [MobiCom 2015] ▹Power-saving display colors [MobiSys 2012] ▹Selective resource loading [NSDI 2015]
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    Choices of Energy-saving Techniques 23 GreenWeb can support a range

    of energy saving techniques ▹Dynamic resolution scaling [MobiCom 2015] ▹Power-saving display colors [MobiSys 2012] ▹Selective resource loading [NSDI 2015] ▹ACMP-based hardware mechanism
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    ACMP-based Hardware Substrate 24

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    ACMP-based Hardware Substrate 24 ▸ Asymmetric Chip-multiprocessor, a.k.a., Big/Little architecture

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    Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based Hardware Substrate

    24 ▸ Asymmetric Chip-multiprocessor, a.k.a., Big/Little architecture
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    Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based Hardware Substrate

    24 ▸ Asymmetric Chip-multiprocessor, a.k.a., Big/Little architecture Frequency Levels
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    Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based Hardware Substrate

    24 ▸ Asymmetric Chip-multiprocessor, a.k.a., Big/Little architecture ▸ Already used in commodity devices (e.g., Samsung Galaxy S6) Frequency Levels
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     Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime

     25
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     Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime

     25 ▸ Provide just enough energy to meet QoS constraints
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     Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime

     25 ▸ Provide just enough energy to meet QoS constraints div {ontouchend: latency, 16 ms}
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     Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime

     25 ▸ Provide just enough energy to meet QoS constraints 16 ms div {ontouchend: latency, 16 ms}
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     Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime

     25 ▸ Provide just enough energy to meet QoS constraints 16 ms div {ontouchend: latency, 16 ms}
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     Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime

     25 ▸ Provide just enough energy to meet QoS constraints ▸ Event-based scheduling [HPCA 2015]
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     Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 26 ▸ Provide just

     enough energy to meet QoS constraints ▸ Event-based scheduling [HPCA 2015] Execution Time = [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy =
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     Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 26 ▸ Provide just

     enough energy to meet QoS constraints ▸ Event-based scheduling [HPCA 2015] Execution Time = Tmemory + [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy =
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     Tcpu Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 26 ▸ Provide

     just enough energy to meet QoS constraints ▸ Event-based scheduling [HPCA 2015] Execution Time = Tmemory + [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy =
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     Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 26 ▸ Provide just

     enough energy to meet QoS constraints ▸ Event-based scheduling [HPCA 2015] Execution Time = Tmemory + Ncycles / f [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy =
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     Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 26 ▸ Provide just

     enough energy to meet QoS constraints ▸ Event-based scheduling [HPCA 2015] Execution Time = Tmemory + Ncycles / f [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy =
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     Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 26 ▸ Provide just

     enough energy to meet QoS constraints ▸ Event-based scheduling [HPCA 2015] Execution Time = Tmemory + Ncycles / f [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy = Execution Time x Power
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     ▸ Language abstractions 27 ▸ Runtime that saves energy while

     meeting the QoS constraints ▸ Result hardware/software implementations GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency
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     ▸ Language abstractions 27 ▸ Runtime the QoS constraints ▸

     Result in 60% energy savings on real hardware/software implementations GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency
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     Real Hardware/Software Setup 28 ODroid XU+E development board, which contains

     an Exynos 5410 SoC used in Samsung Galaxy S4.
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     Real Hardware/Software Setup 28 ODroid XU+E development board, which contains

     an Exynos 5410 SoC used in Samsung Galaxy S4. Implementation incorporated into Chrome running on Android.
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     Real Hardware/Software Setup 28 ODroid XU+E development board, which contains

     an Exynos 5410 SoC used in Samsung Galaxy S4. Implementation incorporated into Chrome running on Android. UI-level record and replay for reproducibility. [ISPASS’15]
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     Evaluation ▸Baseline Mechanisms ▹Highest performance (Perf) — Standard to guarantee

     responsiveness ▹Interactive governor (Interactive) — Android default 29 29
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     Evaluation ▸Baseline Mechanisms ▹Highest performance (Perf) — Standard to guarantee

     responsiveness ▹Interactive governor (Interactive) — Android default 29 ▸Metrics ▹Energy Saving ▹QoS Violation 29
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     Evaluation ▸Baseline Mechanisms ▹Highest performance (Perf) — Standard to guarantee

     responsiveness ▹Interactive governor (Interactive) — Android default 29 ▸Metrics ▹Energy Saving ▹QoS Violation 29 ▸Applications ▹Top webpages (e.g., www.amazon.com) ▹Web Apps based on popular frameworks (e.g., Todo List)
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     30 Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist

     Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf Evaluation Results
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     31 Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist

     Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf Evaluation Results
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     32 Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist

     Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf Evaluation Results
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     33 Evaluation Results QoS Violations (%) 0.0 0.8 1.5 2.3

     3.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf
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     Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs

     Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf 34 Evaluation Results QoS Violations (%) 0.0 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN No QoS Violations
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     Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs

     Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf 34 Evaluation Results QoS Violations (%) 0.0 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN 29.2% - 66.0% energy savings, 0.8% more QoS violations No QoS Violations
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     35 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS

     in mobile Web computing
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     35 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS

     in mobile Web computing Abstraction Express QoS constraints
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     35 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS

     in mobile Web computing Abstraction Express QoS constraints Runtime Satisfy QoS specifications using energy saving techniques
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     35 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS

     in mobile Web computing Abstraction Express QoS constraints Runtime Satisfy QoS specifications using energy saving techniques Effect Significant energy savings
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     36 wattwiseweb.org

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     37 GreenWeb: Language Extensions for Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Computing Yuhao

     Zhu The University of Texas at Austin with Vijay Janapa Reddi PLDI 2016