Web標準: LODによる オープンデータ・オーブンガバメント の効果と始めかた (updated)

昨年初夏に公開した資料なのですが、slideshareのアカウントがおかしくなってしまったので、こちらで公開しなおしました。

Transcript

1. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ Webඪ४: LODʹΑΔ
 ΦʔϓϯσʔλɾΦʔϓϯΨόϝϯτ
 ͷޮՌͱ࢝Ί͔ͨ
 (updated) 2012೥5݄17೔
   W3C/Keio ܚጯٛक़େֶେֶӃ ੓ࡦɾϝσΟΞݚڀՊ ಛ೚ॿڭ ਂݟՅ໌ @rhys_no1
   
2. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ W3Cͷ֓ཁ
   •  ੈքதͷاۀɾݚڀػؔɾஂମʹΑͬͯߏ੒
 ͞ΕΔɺ΢Σϒඪ४ن֨Λࡦఆ͢Δஂମ •  Ճೖاۀɾݚڀػؔɾஂମͷ਺͸300Ҏ্ɻ – http://www.w3.org/Consortium/ Member/List •  Ճೖاۀɾஂମ͔ΒࢀՃ͢ΔΤϯδχΞʹ
 Αͬͯٞ࿦͕ਐΊΒΕɺඪ४ن͕֨ࡦఆ͞ΕΔɻ •  ࠓ͜ͷॠؒ΋ɺి࿩ձٞͰɺϝʔϧͰɺ
 ࢓༷ʹؔ͢Δٞ࿦͕ਐΊΒΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻ
   
   
3. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ʮΦʔϓϯΨόϝϯτʯ   ʮΦʔϓϯσʔλʯ   ͱ͍͏༻ޠΛ   Αࣖ͘ʹ͢ΔΑ͏ʹ   ͳΓ·ͨ͠
   
   
4. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ͸͡Ίʹߟ͑Δ΂͖͜ͱ
   • ԿͷͨΊͷ
 Φʔϓϯʁ • ୭ͷͨΊͷ
 Φʔϓϯʁ 
   
5. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ͜Ε·ͰͷʮΦʔϓϯʯ
   •  ٞձ΍৹ٞձɺݚڀձͱ͍ͬͨ੓ࡦܗ੒ ϓϩηεͷެ։ – ಈը഑৴΍ٞࣄ࿥ͷ΢Σϒެ։౳ •  ࢪࡦཱҊ୲౰ऀ΍ٞһɺट௕ͱͷɺ
 ௚઀తͳҙݟަ׵ – Twitter΍Facebookͱ͍ͬͨιʔγϟϧ
 ϝσΟΞΛհͨ͠ަྲྀ
   
   
6. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ʮΦʔϓϯʯʹظ଴͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ
   • ߦ੓ࣥߦ΍ࢪࡦཱҊʹಁ໌ੑ ͕֬อͰ͖Δ • ެ։͞ΕͨσʔλΛຽ͕ؒ׆ ༻͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΔޮ཰ੑͷ޲ ্ͱܦࡁͷ׆ੑԽ 
   
7. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ࠓ·ͰͷʮΦʔϓϯʯ͸Ͳ͜ ·Ͱ༗ޮͩͬͨͷ͔ʁ
   •  ฏ೔னؒ΍͍ͬͯΔٞձ΍৹ٞձɺ
 ୭͕ݟΔͷʁ •  ௕࣌ؒͷ৹ٞɺٞ࿦Λશ෦ฉ͘ͷʁ •  ٞࣄ࿥ͳͲͷશจ࠾࿥ΛಡΜͰɺՁ஋ͷ͋Δ ৘ใΛ༰қʹऔΓग़ͤΔͷ͔ʁ •  ಛఆͷݸਓؒͷ΍ΓͱΓΛҰൠԽͯ͠ɺ੓ࡦ ܗ੒΍ࢪࡦཱҊʹམͱ͜͠Ή͜ͱ͸ɺຊ౰ʹ ޮ཰తͳͷ͔ʁ 
   
8. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ࠓ·ͰͷʮΦʔϓϯʯ͸Ͳ͜ ·Ͱ༗ޮͩͬͨͷ͔ʁ
   •  ࣅͨΑ͏ͳσʔλ͕֤লிɾ෦ہɾ֎ֲ ஂମɾ࣏ࣗମ౳͔Βόϥόϥʹ։ࣔ͞Εͯ ͍ͯɺ׆༻͍ͨ͠σʔλ͕͙͢ʹݟ͔ͭΒ ͳ͍ɻ •  PDFʹσʔλ͕هࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔͱɺͦΕΛ ೖྗ͠௚͞ͳ͚Ε͹෼ੳɾ׆༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɻ 
   
9. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ඞཁͱ͞ΕΔʮΦʔϓϯʯͷ͔ͨͪ
   •  ٞ࿦ͷத਎͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɺٞ࿦ͷલఏͱ ͳΔσʔλ͕։ࣔ͞ΕΔ͜ͱɻ •  σʔλͷ׆༻͕ޮ཰తʹਐΉΑ͏ɺ – ୳͠΍͘͢ɺॏෳ͕ͳ͍Α͏ͳମ੍Ͱσʔλ ͕։ࣔ͞ΕΔ͜ͱɻ – ࠷ॳ͔Β෼ੳϓϩάϥϜ΍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ Ͱ׆༻Մೳͳσʔλܗࣜɾཻ౓Ͱ։ࣔ͞ΕΔ ͜ͱɻ
   
   
10. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ۩ମతʹͲ͏͢Δ͔
    •  ෼ੳɾՃ޻͢Δલͷੜσʔλ
 (raw data)ɺ΋͘͠͸ͦΕʹ͍ۙ
 σʔλΛެ։͢Δɻ •  ίϯϐϡʔλ/ϓϩάϥϜͰ
 ѻ͍΍͍͢ܗࣜɾϑΥʔϚοτͰ
 ެ։͢Δɻ •  ద੾ͳஶ࡞ݖɾ৘ใอޢͷઃఆͷݩɺ ެ։͢Δɻ 
    
11. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ճ౴ɿLinked Data
    •  σʔλެ։࣌ͷϧʔϧ – ID͸URI – RDF (Resource Description Framework)ʹ ैͬͨཁૉΛؚΉ – σʔλϑΥʔϚοτ͸ඪ४తͳܭࢉػՄಡͳ ΋ͷͰ͋Ε͹Α͍ɻ
 ۩ମతʹ͸ɺRDF/XMLɺJSONͳͲɻ – ෼ྨ߲໨΍߲໨ͷఆٛ=σʔλߏ଄͸ɺ
 طଘͷඪ४͕͋Ε͹ͦΕΛ༻͍Δɻແ͚Ε͹ɺ
 ࣗ༝ʹఆٛͯ͠Α͍͕ɺͦͷఆٛ΋ެ։͠ɺ
 ඪ४Խʹ޲͚ͯఏҊ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ཧ૝ɻ
    
    
12. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ID=URI
    •  URI – Uniform Resource Identifier – URLͱ΄΅ಉٛɻ
 ʮhttp://ʯͰ͸͡·ΔΞυϨε(஫)ɻ •  ͳͥURI? – ΢Σϒ্ͷެ։ʹద͍ͯ͠Δ – Ͳ͔͜ΒͰ΋ɺ୭Ͱ΋ΞΫηεՄೳ – IDͷ͚ͭํʹࣗ༝౓͕ߴ͍ – ݻ༗ੑΛҡ࣋͢Δͷ͕༰қ
    
    ஫ɿݫີʹ͸ɺ΢ΣϒαΠτͷΞυϨε͸URIͷҰछ
    
13. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ RDF: Resource Description Framework
    •  ओޠɾड़ޠɾ໨తޠͱ͍͏
 ୯७ͳ૊Έ߹Θͤʹtriple/ࡾͭ૊ •  ଞͷURI(σʔλϦιʔε)ͱ
 ϦϯΫ͢Δ http:// www.w3.org
    World Wide Web Consortium
    ओޠ
    ໨తޠ
    ड़ޠɿ໊લ
    
    
14. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ Linked Dataͷهड़ͷ͔ͨ͠
    •  ྫɿTurtleͰͷهड़ <http://d.hatena.ne.jp/yofukami/about> rdf:type foaf:Person . <http://d.hatena.ne.jp/yofukami/about> foaf:name "ਂݟՅ໌" . <http://d.hatena.ne.jp/yofukami/about> foaf:gender "mail" . <http://d.hatena.ne.jp/yofukami/about> foaf:knows 
 <http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~takeda#me>
    
    <http:// d.hatena.ne.jp/ yofukami/about> <http://www- kasm.nii.ac.jp/ ~takeda#me> foaf:knows <foaf:Person> rdfs:type
    “ਂݟՅ໌” “male” foaf:name
    foaf:gender
    
    
15. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ σʔλϑΥʔϚοτͱߏ଄
    •  ίϯϐϡʔλ͕ॲཧͰ͖Ε͹(machine readable)ɺԿͰ΋ྑ͍ɺ͕ɺRDF/XML΍ JSON͕ਪ঑͞ΕΔɻ •  ߏ଄Λࣔ͢ͷ͸લεϥΠυͷ
    “foaf:Person” ͳͲͷ෦෼ɻ •  foafɺdc (Dublin Core)౳ɺطଘͷඪ४తͳ ϑΥʔϚοτ͕͋Ε͹ɺͦΕʹै͏ɻ •  GoogleɺYahoo!ɺMicrosoft͕ఏএ͢Δ schema.orgͳͲɺେखاۀ΋ੵۃతʹඪ४ Λఏএɾ࣮૷ɻ
    
    
16. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ Linked DataͱLOD
    •  LOD= Linked Open Data •  ඪ४ʹैͬͯੜ੒ɾެ։͞ΕͨσʔλͰ ͋Ε͹ɺϚογϡΞοϓͯ͠׆༻͢Δ͜ͱ ͕Մೳ •  ͔ͩΒɺϑΥʔϚοτ΋ɺσʔλߏ଄΋ɺ ඪ४ϕʔεͰ •  ଟ༷ͳܗଶͰͷར༻͕લఏͳͷͰɺద੾ͳ ஶ࡞ݖॲཧ(ྫ͑͹ɺCC-BY)͕ͳ͞ΕΔ͜ ͱ͕๬·͍͠ɻ
    
    
17. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ σʔλڞ༗ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͱͯ͠ͷLOD
    •  طʹ֤෼໺ͰϦϯΫ͞Εͨσʔληοτ͕ଟ਺ ੜ੒͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ –  203ͷσʔληοτ –  2500ສͷ
    RDF triples –  3ԯ9500ສͷ
    RDF links
    
    (http://www4.wiwiss.fu- berlin.de/lodcloud/state/)
    
18. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ Linked Dataͷຊ࣭
    •  ੈքڞ௨ͷࣝผࢠ(Identifier) •  ੈքڞ௨ͷඪ४ϑΥʔϚοτɾ
 ߏ଄ͷ࠾༻
    WebશମΛ σʔλϦιʔεͱͯ͠ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ ࡞ΕΔ
    
    
19. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ 1) σʔλΛఏڙ͢Δ
    2) ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ૑Δ
    3) αʔϏεΛ૑Δ
    ΤίγεςϜͷߏ଄
    ඪ४࢓༷ʹଇ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ ʹΑΓɺΑΓ޿͍૚͔Βͷ ར༻ΛݟࠐΉ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ   
    
20. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ৘ใ։ࣔͱΦʔϓϯσʔλͷࠩ
    •  طଘͷʮ৘ใ։ࣔʯ – ։ࣔ·Ͱʹ͔͔Δίετ ͕େ͖͍ – ಛఆͷ෼ੳࢹ఺ʹ
 ج͍ͮͯσʔλ͕
 ఏࣔ͞ΕΔ – ʮσʔλͦͷ΋ͷʯ͕
 ඞཁͳ৔߹ɺͦΕΛ
 औΓग़͢ίετ͕͔͔Δ
    Ճ޻   ͞Εͨ   σʔλ
    σʔλऩू
    ෼ੳ
    ϓϨθϯ ςʔγϣϯ
    
    
21. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ৘ใ։ࣔͱΦʔϓϯσʔλͷࠩ
    •  LODʹΑΔΦʔϓϯσʔλ σʔλ
    χʔζ   σʔλ
    χʔζ   σʔλ
    χʔζ   σʔλ
    χʔζ   
    
22. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ৘ใ։ࣔͱΦʔϓϯσʔλͷࠩ
    •  LODʹΑΔΦʔϓϯσʔλ – σʔλੜ੒ɾެ։ʗར༻ͷ෼཭ – σʔλར༻ʹ൐͏ෛ୲ͷ෼ࢄԽ – ඞཁͳσʔλΛ֤ॴ͔Βऩूͯ͠༻͍Δ ʢϚογϡΞοϓʣ͕༰қ – χʔζ͕͋Δ৔ॴͰɺޮ཰తʹ
 ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ΍αʔϏε͕
 ։ൃ͞ΕΔ 
    
23. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ LODʹΑΔΦʔϓϯΨόϝϯτͷҙٛ
    •  ෛՙ෼ࢄޮՌʹΑΔɺσʔλఏڙଆɾར ༻ऀଆͷෛՙ௿ݮ •  ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ΍αʔϏεͷ
 DIYɾ஍࢈஍ফΛ࣮ݱ •  εέʔϥϏϦςΟޮՌ – ޮ཰తͳ৘ใൃ৴ɺαʔϏεఏڙൣғ֦େ – ଞॴͷ੒ޭࣄྫΛ؆୯ʹಋೖ
    
    
24. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ඪ४ͱ͍͏؍఺͔ΒݟͨLOD
    •  W3C͸RDFͱ͍͏جຊ
 ίϯηϓτͱɺRDF/ XMLͳͲͷσʔλ
 ϑΥʔϚοτͷҰ෦ͷΈ Λඪ४ͱͯ͠ࡦఆ •  σʔλߏ଄͸Ϣʔβ΍
 اۀ͔ΒͷఏҊ͕
 σϑΝΫτελϯμʔυ ʹͳΔͷ͕ී௨ɻ
    
    σʔλߏ଄
    σʔλ   ϑΥʔϚοτ
    RDF
    W3C (&others)
    Ϣʔβ ͔Βͷ ఏҊ
    
25. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ඪ४ͱ͍͏؍఺͔ΒݟͨLOD
    •  ंྠͷ࠶ൃ໌͸ආ͚Δ΂͠ •  ࣗ਎ͷ࢖͍উखͷΑ͍σʔλߏ଄ ΛɺͲΜͲΜੈքඪ४ʹ͢ΔͨΊ ͷఏҊΛ͢΂͖
    
    
26. These slides are copyright © 2012 W3C (MIT, ERCIM & Keio). Stata Center photo by See-Ming Lee available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.0 License http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/3791607622/ ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ɻ
    Keio-contact@w3.org http://www.w3.org @rhys_no1