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情報と職業3|Information-and-Occupation3

 情報と職業3|Information-and-Occupation3

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SayokoMiura

April 27, 2021
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  1. 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ ιϑτ΢ΣΞ ωοτϫʔΫ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ ৘ใͷ΍ΓऔΓ OS ΞϓϦ

    ιϑτ΢ΣΞ ιϑτ΢ΣΞ ίϯϐϡʔλʔΛ ಈ͔͢ϓϩάϥϜ ༩͑ΒΕͨࢦࣔʢϓϩάϥϜʣʹै͍৘ใͷೖྗɺॲཧɺهԱɺग़ྗ Λ͢Δిࢠܭࢉػͷ͜ͱ ίϯϐϡʔλʔͱ͸
  2. ίϯϐϡʔλʔͱ͸ 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ 1946೥ ࠷ॳͷίϯϐϡʔλʔɹ ̍.ίϯϐϡʔλʔͱ͸ ࠃ࢈ϝΠϯϑϨʔϜʢ൚༻ػʣ ͷొ৔ 1970ʙ1980

    1980ʙ1990 1990ʙ2000 2000ʙ ύιίϯͷొ৔ ΢Οϯυ΢ζͷొ৔ Πϯλʔωοτͷීٴ େاۀ΍׭ެிʹ ͓͚Δ৘ใԽ தখاۀ΍෦໳ʹ ͓͚Δ৘ใԽ ݸਓ΍Ոఉʹ͓͚Δখ ܕίϯϐϡʔλͷར༻ ݸਓͷ৘ใԽ 1996೥ Ϋϥ΢υ αʔϏε 2010ʙ
  3. ίϯϐϡʔλʔͷछྨ ύιίϯ ʢύʔιφϧίϯϐϡʔλʔʣ 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ ̍.ίϯϐϡʔλʔͱ͸ ϫʔΫεςʔγϣϯ ɹઐ໳ੑͷߴ͍ۀ຿ʹಛԽͨ͠ ɹߴੑೳίϯϐϡʔλʔɻ

    αʔόʔίϯϐϡʔλʔ ʢΫϥΠΞϯταʔόʔγεςϜʣ εʔύʔίϯϐϡʔλʔ ϝΠϯϑϨʔϜ ʢ൚༻ίϯϐϡʔλʔʣ ϚΠίϯ ʢϚΠΫϩίϯϐϡʔλʔʣ ྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλʔ ௒খܕίϯϐϡʔλʔ γϯάϧϘʔυίϯϐϡʔλʔ
  4. ίϯϐϡʔλʔͷछྨ ύιίϯʢύʔιφϧίϯϐϡʔλʔʣ ɹ< OSʹΑͬͯʼ ɾʮWindowsʯ͕OSɾɾ1984೥IBM͕ൃදͨ͠ύιίϯͷن֨ʮPC/ATʯޓ׵ػͰՔಇ ɾʮMac OSʯ͕OSɾɾɾAppleࣾͷMacintosh ɾʮChrome OSʯ͕OSɾɾɾGoogleࣾͷChromebook ɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹʢLinux

    Λϕʔεʣ ɾʮLinuxʯɾɾɾΦʔϓϯιʔειϑτ΢ΣΞ ɾʮUNIXʯɾɾɾΦʔϓϯιʔειϑτ΢ΣΞ ɾʮiOSʯɾɾɾiPhoneɺiPad 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ ̍.ίϯϐϡʔλʔͱ͸ σεΫτοϓܕ ϊʔτܕ
  5. ίϯϐϡʔλʔͷछྨ ʙ εʔύʔίϯϐϡʔλʔ ʙ 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ ̍Ґɿ෋ַʢ;͕͘ʣ೔ຊ ̎ҐɿSummitʢαϛοτʣΞϝϦΧ ɹɹɹɹɹ2018೥2019೥ɹ̍Ґ

    ̏ҐɿSierraʢγΤϥʣΞϝϦΧ ̍.ίϯϐϡʔλʔͱ͸ 4ظ࿈ଓ1Ґʂ ʢࢀߟʣੈքͷεʔύʔίϯϐϡʔλʔॲཧੑೳϥϯΩϯάϥϯΩϯάʔTOP500 2021೥6݄ൃද
  6. 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ ̍Ґɿ෋ַʢ;͕͘ʣ೔ຊ 11ظ࿈ଓ1Ґʂ ̍.ίϯϐϡʔλʔͱ͸ ʮHPCGʯ ʮGraph500ʯ ̎Ґɿ෋ַʢ;͕͘ʣ೔ຊ γϛϡϨʔγϣϯܭࢉΛ૝ͳͲ࣮ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͍ۙԋࢉͷੑೳ

    େن໛άϥϑղੳʹؔ͢Δੑೳ લճ·Ͱ10ظ࿈ଓ1Ґ ʢࢀߟʣੈքͷεʔύʔίϯϐϡʔλʔॲཧੑೳϥϯΩϯάϥϯΩϯάʔTOP500 2025೥6݄ൃද ίϯϐϡʔλʔͷछྨ ʙ εʔύʔίϯϐϡʔλʔ ʙ
  7. 2.σʔλදݱ σʔλදݱ ʙΞφϩά͔Βσδλϧ΁ʙ 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ Ξφϩά ௚ઢɺۂઢɺ೾ɺਤܗͳͲɺ࿈ଓ͢ΔܗͰ දݱ͞ΕΔ ిѹͷ࿈ଓతͳมԽͰ৘ใΛද͢ɻ৴߸ઢͷঢ়ଶʹ

    ΑΓ಺༰͕ྼԽͨ͠ΓϊΠζ͕ࠞͬͨ͡Γ͢Δ͜ͱ ͕͋Δ σδλϧ ੔਺ʢ0 ͱ 1ʣͰදݱ͞ΕΔ ిѹͷߴʢHiʣͱ௿ʢLowʣͷ̎ஈ֊Ͱ৘ใΛද ͢ɻ̎ஈ֊͔͠࢖༻͠ͳ͍ͷͰɺ৴߸ઢͷঢ়ଶʹ಺ ༰͕ࠨӈ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͸ͳ͍ ిѹ ࣌ؒ ߴ ௿ σδλϧ৴߸ 1 0 ࣌ؒ ߴ ௿ Ξφϩά৴߸ ిѹ Ξφϩά৘ใ΋σδλϧ৘ใ΋ɺ৴߸ઢΛ௨ΔిؾͷిѹͰද͞ΕΔ
  8. 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ 2.σʔλදݱ 10ਐ਺ → 2ਐ਺ 10ਐ਺ͷ਺஋Λʮ 0 ʯʹͳΔ·Ͱ

    ʮ 2 ʯͰׂΓࢉ͍͖ͯ͠ɺ ͦͷ݁Ռͷʮ༨Γͷ਺ ʯΛฒ΂Δ 2ਐ਺ → 10ਐ਺ 2ਐ਺ɹ̍ɹ̌ɹ̍ɹ̍ɹ̌ ॏΈɹ̎ɹ̎ɹ̎ɹ̎ɹ̎ 4ɹ 3ɹ 2ɹ 1 ɹ 0 ̍×̎ɹ̌×̎ɹ̍×̎ɹ̍×̎ɹ̌×̎ 4ɹ ɹɹ 3ɹ ɹɹ 2ɹɹ 1 ɹɹɹ 0 ʹ̍̒ʴ̌ʴ̐ʴ̎ʴ̌ ʹ̎̎ σʔλදݱ ʙ2ਐ਺ɾ10ਐ਺ɾ16ਐ਺
  9. 2ਐ਺ɾɾɾίϯϐϡʔλʔ಺Ͱͷදݱ 00,01,10,11,100,101,110,111,1000,ɾɾɾ 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ 2ϏοτͰදݱͰ͖Δ΋ͷ ɹɹ ɹ2ਐ਺ → 10ਐ਺

    ɹɹɹ ɹ00 → 0 ɹɹɹ ɹ01 → 1 ɹ ɹɹ ɹ10 → 2 ɹ ɹɹ ɹ11 → 3 ɹ ˎ4छྨΑΓଟ͘͸දݱͰ͖ͳ͍ σʔλදݱ ʙϏοτͱόΠτʙ 0  2.σʔλදݱ 2ਐ਺ͷܻʹϏοτ ʢbit : binary digit) ̎2
  10. 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ 2ϏοτͰදݱͰ͖Δ΋ͷ ɹɹ ɹ2ਐ਺ → 10ਐ਺ ɹɹɹ ɹ00

    → 0 ɹɹɹ ɹ01 → 1 ɹ ɹɹ ɹ10 → 2 ɹ ɹɹ ɹ11 → 3 3ϏοτͰදݱͰ͖Δ΋ͷ ɹɹ ɹ 2ਐ਺ → 10ਐ਺ ɹɹɹ ɹ000 → 0 ɹɹɹɹɹʙ ɹ ɹɹ ɹ111 → 7 4ϏοτͰදݱͰ͖Δ΋ͷ ɹɹ ɹ 2ਐ਺ → 10ਐ਺ ɹɹɹ ɹ0000 → 0 ɹɹɹɹɹʙ ɹɹɹ ɹ1111 →15 2.σʔλදݱ 2ਐ਺ͷܻʹϏοτ ʢbit : binary digit) ̎3 ʹ̔ ̎4 ʹ̍̒ σʔλදݱ ʙϏοτͱόΠτʙ
  11. 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ 8Ϗοτ = όΠτ( byteɺB) Ͱ͸0ʙ255ʢ256छྨʣ ɹɹ ɹ

    2ਐ਺ → 10ਐ਺ ɹɹɹ 00000000 → 0 ɹɹɹɹɹʙ ɹɹɹ 11111111 → 255 2ਐ਺ͷܻʹϏοτʢbit : binary digit) σʔλදݱ ʙϏοτͱόΠτʙ 2.σʔλදݱ 8Ϗοτ = όΠτ( byteɺB)ɹɹ ɹ 00000000
  12. 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ 8Ϗοτ = όΠτ( byteɺB) Ϗοτʢbit : binary

    digit) = 2ਐ਺ͷܻ σʔλදݱ ʙϏοτͱόΠτʙ ίϯϐϡʔλͰจࣈΛॲཧ͢ΔͨΊʹɺ̍ͭͻͱͭͷจࣈʹ͸̎ਐ਺ͷ஋ΛׂΓ౰ͯΔ ʹίʔυԽ ɹӳ਺ࣈ ɹɹɹˠ όΠτจࣈ (ӳ਺ࣈͱҰ෦ͷه߸ͳͲ256จࣈ) ɹશ֯จࣈ ɹɹɹˠ όΠτจࣈ (ͻΒ͕ͳΧλΧφ׽ࣈͳͲ65536จࣈ) શ֯จࣈ͸ 2όΠτ 2.σʔλදݱ A 8 ; ཧ Γ μ ࣣ 00000000
  13. 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ σʔλදݱ ʙϏοτͱόΠτʙ ίϯϐϡʔλͰจࣈΛॲཧ͢ΔͨΊʹɺ̍ͭͻͱͭͷจࣈʹ͸̎ਐ਺ͷ஋ΛׂΓ౰ͯΔ ʹίʔυԽ จࣈίʔυ Shift-JIS 82A0

    2.σʔλදݱ ͋ จࣈίʔυʹΑͬͯɺจࣈʹରԠ͍ͯ͠Δίʔυ൪߸͕ҧ͏ͷͰɺจࣈίʔυࢦఆ͕ҧ͏ ͱจࣈԽ͚͕ى͜Δɻ จࣈίʔυ UTF-8 3042 શ֯จࣈ͸ 2όΠτ 0011 0000 0100 0010
  14. σʔλදݱ ʙϏοτͱόΠτʙ 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ 8Ϗοτ = όΠτ( byteɺB) ɹখɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹେ

    B KB MB GB TB 1024ഒ 1024ഒ 1024ഒ 1024ഒ ΩϩόΠτ 1024όΠτ ϝΨόΠτ ΪΨόΠτ ςϥόΠτ όΠτ 1024KB 1024MB 1024GB 2ͷ10৐ = 1024 2.σʔλදݱ 00000000 όΠτ
  15. খ͍͞ςΩετϑΝΠϧͳͲ 1KB͸໿500จࣈ෼ͷ৘ใ ʢ1όΠτจࣈͷ৔߹ʣ σʔλදݱ 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ KBʢΩϩόΠτʣͷΠϝʔδ ը૾ϑΝΠϧͳͲ ߴը࣭ͷը૾͸ɺຕͰ਺MB

    ͢Δ͜ͱ͕͋Δ MBʢϝΨόΠτʣͷΠϝʔδ εϚϗͷ݄ؒ௨৴ྔͳͲ GBʢΪΨόΠτʣͷΠϝʔδ ϋʔυσΟεΫͷ༰ྔͳͲ TBʢςϥόΠτʣͷΠϝʔδ Pʢϖλʣ EʢΤΫαʣ Zʢθλʣ YʢϤλʣ Xʢκφʣ Wʢ΢ΣΧʣ 2.σʔλදݱ
  16. ίϯϐϡʔλʔͷޒେ૷ஔ ੍ޚ૷ஔ ੍ޚ໋ྩ σʔλ ΩʔϘʔυ Ϛ΢ε εΩϟφ ϚΠΫɹͳͲ σΟεϓϨΠ ϓϦϯλʔ

    ϓϩδΣΫλʔ εϐʔΧʔɹͳͲ ओهԱ૷ஔ ϝϞϦ /ROM,RAM ิॿهԱ૷ஔ ϋʔυσΟεΫ(HDD)ɺSSDɺ USBϝϞϦɺDVDɹ ͳͲ 3.̑େ૷ஔ 3.ίϯϐϡʔλͷ࢓૊Έ - ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ CPUʢதԝॲཧ૷ஔʣ ੍ޚ૷ஔ ԋࢉ૷ஔ ೖྗ૷ஔ ग़ྗ૷ஔ هԱ૷ஔ ίϯϐϡʔλʔͷ ࢘ྩౝ ࣍͸ԿΛ͢Δ͔ΛܾΊΔ ໋ྩͷ࣮ߦ