pressing challenges in modern agricultural systems, as weeds compete with crops for vital resources such as light, water, and nutrients, leading to significant reductions in crop yields. Among the most affected crops is corn (Zea mays L.), which plays a critical role in global food security and is widely cultivated across various climatic zones. Inadequate weed control can severely impact corn productivity, especially in regions where environmental factors such as low rainfall, high temperatures, and soil degradation exacerbate the problem. 02
period (2020–2023) in the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan, characterized by a semi- arid continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. The soil in this region is primarily gray-brown with moderate fertility, typical for irrigated agriculture. The experimental plots were located at a research station near the city of Samarkand, with plot sizes ranging from 0.5 to 1 hectare. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various modern weed control methods on the yield of corn (Zea mays L.) and the conservation of soil fertility under local climatic and soil conditions. 03
methods on corn yield, plant development, and grain quality. Chemical Treatment 2 (Tembotrione + Isoxadifen- ethyl) proved to be the most effective, resulting in the lowest weed biomass, the highest yield, and the best grain quality. It allowed the corn to grow with minimal competition, leading to 95% of the plants producing well- formed cobs and achieving a 1000-kernel weight of 260 g. Mechanical methods, while beneficial, were less effective than chemical treatments. Even with additional hand-pulling, yields were lower, and weed biomass remained significantly higher. The untreated control demonstrated the negative effects of unchecked weed growth, resulting in the lowest yield and poor grain quality. In conclusion, Chemical Treatment 2 stands out as the most efficient strategy for optimizing corn productivity and ensuring high-quality grain. While mechanical methods can still play a role, chemical treatments offer superior results in weed suppression and crop enhancement, making them the preferred approach for maximizing agricultural outcomes. 04 Fig. 1. ANOVA results
Inflorescences in the Murmansk Region» «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development» AGRITECH-X 2024 Svetlana Kozlova and Alena Koigerova
in the study of plant extracts to find promising sources of biological compounds for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. • Presumably, during the period of mass flowering of inflorescences, plants have a greater need for antioxidant and antiradical protection. • The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and antiradical activity of substances contained in the inflorescences of H. sosnowskyi Manden, growing in the Murmansk region. 02
g of plant material + 1.5 mL of 60% aqueous ethanol UAE for 90 minutes at 60°C Centrifugation: for 5 minutes at 4,000 revolutions per minute Decanting of the extract Solution methods Ultrasonic exstraction
during the period of mass flowering of the main inflorescence of H. sosnowskyi Manden., the content of compounds with antioxidant activity reaches higher levels in the conditions of the Khibiny than on the foothill plain. At the same time, the content of compounds with antiradical activity reaches higher values on the foothill plain. • At the same time, the content of compounds with antiradical activity reaches higher levels on the foothill plain. • The data obtained will improve the understanding of plant metabolism in the conditions of the Kola Peninsula and support the development of modern technologies for the extraction of biologically active compounds from the inflorescences of H. sosnowskyi Manden. growing in the conditions of the Murmansk region.
Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Laboratory of Medical and Biological Technologies E-mail: [email protected] 05 «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development» AGRITECH-X 2024
AFRICA Violetta M. Kuzmina, Marina A. Parkhomchuk, Lyubov A. Chernysheva, Angelica S. Budnikova and Sofia Levshakova Department of International Relations and Public Administration, South-West State University, 305040, Kursk, Russia
which takes into account the managerial, economic, social and cultural aspects of food; the levels of agricultural transformation of the countries of the African continent; the problems of agricultural productivity in Africa. Six megatrends have been identified that will continue to shape food systems in Africa over the next decade. The innovative experience of the development of agricultural and food production in African countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Rwanda, Tanzania and Tunisia has been studied. The factors hindering the development of innovations in the agricultural and food sector are highlighted and ways to overcome these inhibitory factors are proposed.
methods of critical analysis of literature, classification, synthesis, grouping, comparison and generalization of corporate documents of industry companies, information and analytical materials of international statistical services, relevant ministries and organizations, scientific publications on the research topic.
East and Middle Africa — are driving high levels of hunger, with the trend over the past decade showing an increase of 116.7 million in the undernourished population, which increased from 164.9 million in 2012 to 281.6 million by 2022. Overall, the number of people facing hunger in Africa has increased by 11 million since 2021 and by more than 57 million since the beginning of the pandemic. • International organizations such as the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) have also piloted and expanded digital agriculture projects in collaboration with government and local players (Asian Development Bank. In fact, according to a recent report by the Global Innovation Index, Rwanda is one of the few countries that have exceeded innovation expectations regarding their level of economic development (World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
not only by their potential to improve the efficiency and sustainability of food systems but also by their commercial viability (Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation (CTA) (2019). In 2021, there were an estimated 400 agricultural technology and digital agriculture companies operating in Africa (Begazo, T. 2023)
irrigation infrastructure, water tanks, improved seeds and other support. This allowed them to extend their growing seasons, producing diverse and nutritious crops year-round.
promotes climate-smart farming practices such as zero-till and rotation of cocoa with secondary crops. More than 1,500 hectares of farmland for over 1,000 smallholder cocoa farmers have benefited from these practices.
more in data to improve evidence-based policies and accountability mechanisms to manage the transformation agenda. UNFSS+4 has a real opportunity in 2025 to focus on identifying, analyzing and learning from changes in the food system after UNFSS+2. • 1.Digitalization in food systems can increase economic efficiency, inclusivity and environmental sustainability. • 2 In Africa, the digitalization of food systems has already brought a wide range of benefits, such as timely price, market and farm information, safer financial transactions, value chain connections, improved productivity and income, lower costs and the benefits of women's empowerment. 3 Despite differentiated access to digital technologies both within and between countries, the public sector, private industry, non-profit organizations and the international community have played an important and special role in creating solutions for digital food systems in several African countries. • 4 Even with the progress made, scaling remains low and private sector participation is limited. • 5 The digital divide, long maturation periods, high initial costs, low implementation, lack of sufficient and sustainable funding, regulatory weaknesses, limitations of research, analytical and technical capacity, as well as limited knowledge and awareness all contribute to the slow pace of progress.
сельскохозяйственных культур является актуальной задачей, особенно в регионах с неустойчивым увлажнением и засушливым климатом. На склоновых землях чаще всего в результате недостатка влаги посевы сельскохозяйственных культур снижают продуктивность. • Постановка задачи Необходимо изучить особенности распределения запасов доступной влаги в метровом слое почвы по элементам слож- ного ложбинно-балочного рельефа под влиянием почвозащит- ного агролесоландшафтного комплекса в виде узких стокоре- гулирующих лесных полос с водоулавливающей канавой, раз- мещенных по горизонталям склонов. 02
вбок по профилю почвы под действием гравитационных сил в верхней и средней части склона запасы влаги, как правило, меньше, чем в нижней части склона. 2. Если в пределах горизонталей склона создать условия для сниже- ния интенсивности внутрипочвенного бокового стока воды и удер- жания влаги, то ее запасы в почвенном профиле непосредственно на склоне увеличатся. 3. Задача удержания и накопления влаги на склонах может быть решена за счет стокорегулирующих лесных полос с водоулавли- вающей канавой, нарезанной непосредственно в лесной полосе. 03
определения (фактор С) Без элементов противоэрозионной зашиты (контроль) Плакор (контроль) Начало вегетации (контроль) После уборки урожая Середина склона Начало вегетации (контроль) После уборки урожая Низ склона Начало вегетации (контроль) После уборки урожая С агролесоландшафтным комплексом Плакор (контроль) Начало вегетации (контроль) После уборки урожая Середина склона Начало вегетации (контроль) После уборки урожая Низ склона Начало вегетации (контроль) После уборки урожая Водосбор с агролесоландшафтным комплексом Контрольный водосбор Лесополоса с канавой
в метровом слое почвы на контрольном водосборе без элементов противоэрозионной защиты и на водосборе с почвозащитным агролесоланшафтным комплексом формируются практически одинаковые. 2. В отдельные годы при избытке влаги в почве в начале вегетации сельскохозяйственных культур проявляется гидромелиоративная роль лесополос, когда в межполосном пространстве на склонах водосбора с агролесоланд- шафтным комплексом запас влаги меньше, чем на водосборе без элементов противоэрозионной защиты. 3. В конце вегетации сельскохозяйственных культур, как правило, на водосборе с лесополосами запасы влаги не меньше, в сравнении с водосбором без элементов противоэрозионной защиты. 4. На водосборе со сложным ложбинно-балочным рельефом без элементов противоэрозионной защиты поступаю- щая за счет талых вод и атмосферных осадков в почву влага перераспределяется по элементам рельефа под влия- нием гравитационных сил и внутрипочвенного бокового стока. Как правило, наибольшие запасы влаги формируются в нижней части у подножия склона за счет снижения запасов влаги в средней и верхней части склона. 5. На водосборе с почвозащитным агролесоландшафтным комплексом, элементами которого являются узкие сто- корегулирующие лесополосы с водоулавливающей канавой, обеспечивается снижение интенсивности внутрипоч- венного бокового стока почвенной влаги к подножию склона, поступающая в почву влага более равномерно распре- деляется по профилю склона. 04
and Sustainable Development» AGRITECH-X 2024 Ekaterina Malevskaia-Malevich and Nadezhda Kvasha The North-West Institute of management - branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Saint-Petersburg, Russia Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
assess and analyze the relationship between the economic development of the region and its environmental load, as well as to identify problems in the field of utilization and recycling of waste generated in the region. Achieving the stated goal of the study will allow, among other things, to develop an environmentally oriented approach to building a circular economic system of the region • Research objectives • Assessing the impact of economic growth (GRP) on the environmental load and intensity of ecology in the region. • Study of territorial features of the Northwestern Federal District that affect the environmental situation, including the concentration of waste and pollution in certain regions. • Determining the types of environmental and economic dynamics based on the analysis of GRP indicators, emissions and waste generation volumes. • Identifying problems of waste recycling and their use as secondary resources, especially in the pulp and paper industry. • Recommendations for improving the environmental situation and introducing circular principles into the regional economy. 02
of statistical data to assess the dynamics of the gross regional product (GRP), the volume of emissions into the atmosphere, waste generation and discharge of polluted wastewater. Based on the correlation analysis, the relationships between the growth of GRP and changes in the volume of emissions and waste generation were determined. In addition, a comparative analysis of indicators for the subjects of the North-West region was used to identify territorial features and environmental load. 03
affected by electric power, mechanical engineering, pulp and paper and chemical enterprises. A significant part of industrial pollution traditionally consists of toxic waste (including by-products) of pulp and paper mills, which, together with cellulose-containing municipal waste, poses the task of their disposal and effective involvement in economic turnover as sources of secondary fuel, energy and material resources. After destruction, such waste can be used, in particular, as raw material for the microbiological production of a number of products (bioethanol, lignin-based preparations, xylitol, vitamin D, etc.). • GRP in constant prices was used as a comparable result of economic development according to the model of P. Victor. • The following were used for the indicators characterizing the burden on the environment: • the volume of emissions into the atmosphere, • the volume of generated production and consumption waste, • the volume of discharge of polluted wastewater (according to Rosstat data and reports on the state and protection of the environment in the Russian Federation). • Based on these indicators, the type of economic and environmental dynamics of the region can be characterized. 03
generation Volume of air emissions Volume of polluted waste water discharge In total Per capita Republic of Karelia Brown Brown Brown Growth Growth Komi Republic Black Green Green Growth Growth Arkhangelsk region Black Green Green Growth Growth Vologda region Brown Green Green Growth Growth Kaliningrad region Black Green Brown Growth Growth Leningrad region Black Brown Brown Growth Growth Murmansk region Green Green Green Growth Growth Novgorod region Black Brown Brown Growth Growth Pskov region Black Brown Brown Growth Growth Saint Petersburg Black Brown Brown Growth Growth 03 Completely "green" growth in the rates of economic and environmental development of the Northwestern Federal District is observed only in the Murmansk Region, partially "green" growth in the subjects: the Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk and Vologda Regions. In these subjects, we see that the economic growth of the GRP indicator is not associated with an increasing burden on the volume of emissions into the atmosphere and the volume of discharge of polluted wastewater.
North-West region of Russia is tense, despite the downward trend in gross emissions and waste capacity. The main environmental problems are related to the concentration of production facilities and the ineffectiveness of waste disposal systems. The share of recycled waste in the region remains extremely low (10-18%), indicating problems in the waste management system and the need to develop effective recycling technologies. • The growth of the gross regional product (GRP) is associated with an increase in the environmental burden in large cities, indicating the need for more sustainable economic practices and the introduction of circular principles. • The subjects of the North-West region demonstrate different types of environmental and economic dynamics. Completely "green" growth is observed only in the Murmansk region, while most other regions are faced with "brown" and "black" growth, which requires special attention to environmental strategies. • The pulp and paper industry plays an important role in the economy of the Northwestern Federal District, producing about 60% of the total volume of pulp and paper in Russia, which creates the potential for a significant impact on the environmental situation in the region. The pulp and paper industry has a low level of waste recycling, which is one of the main environmental problems in the region. The need for efficient recycling and reuse of waste is becoming critical to reduce the environmental burden. • Achieving sustainable development of the pulp and paper industry requires a comprehensive approach, including waste recycling reforms, transition to circular principles and active use of secondary resources. It is important to develop strategic programs for the development of the pulp and paper industry aimed at introducing modern recycling technologies, which will form the basis for the formation of a sustainable economy and improvement of the environmental situation in the region.
Science Foundation grant No. 23-28- 00619: «Methodology for ensuring the efficiency of circular economic systems in the region (on the example of the North-West of Russia)», https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-00619/
management - branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Saint-Petersburg, Russia Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint- Petersburg, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 05 «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development » AGRITECH-X 2024
for organizing the decommissioning a nuclear power plant based on a reactor unit» «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development» AGRITECH-XI 2024 Authors: Vladimir Kuznetsov, Valery Spiridonov, Igor Derevyashkin, Tatiana Bukreeva, Ksenia Chebotareva, and Olga Shinkareva
the most promising and effective solution for the economic and social development of hard-to-reach regions both in Russia and abroad. The SNPP is one of the main directions of nuclear power development in Russia. Practice shows that the operating organization is usually not ready for the decommissioning process. It is necessary to prepare for the decommissioning a nuclear power facility in advance. • The selection of a suitable decommissioning option for the small-capacity nuclear power plant (SNPP) will be based on a multi-factor analysis, which requires examining a number of factors. These factors include safety, environmental and public health protection, cost of work, socio-economic impact on the region, availability of necessary financial, technical, material and human resources, etc. The purpose of the research is to develop stages and action sequence for decommissioning SNPPs based on the existing concept, and to indicate the main operations and project timeframe. • … 02
SNPP unit in safe mode. This decommissioning option is divided into three stages. The stage of preparing SNPP unit for safe mode includes the following main operations: • 1. localization of high-activity equipment in the premises of the reactor building for the period determined by the decommissioning project, established taking into account the expected change in the actual radiation situation at the SNPP unit and the remaining life of the building and protective structures of the SNPP unit; • 2. creation of additional protective barriers and security zones to protect personnel from ionizing radiation during decommissioning of the SNPP unit when the need arises; • 3. conservation of equipment, systems and building structures of the SNPP unit, the use of which is expected at subsequent stages of decommissioning. 03
unit: The stage includes: maintenance of equipment and security systems for ensuring safe mode of SNPP unit; radiation control and monitoring of the industrial site and the environment; preparation of regulatory and technical documentation and equipment necessary for carrying out work at the next stage. • The stage of liquidation of SNPP unit as a ‘radiation’ facility: The stage includes: complete dismantling of localized and not dismantled at the previous stages radioactive equipment and structures; decontamination and change the status of building constructions of SNPP unit from a ‘radiation’ object to a ‘non-radiation’ one; processing and removal of all radioactive waste to a federal final isolation facility for storage or disposal; dismantling of unused building constructions of SNPP unit (if necessary); bringing the vacated site of SNPP unit to a condition allowing its unlimited industrial use; redevelopment of the vacated territory of the industrial site (if necessary). • The ‘immediate decontamination’ model of SNPP unit liquidation: This decommissioning model is divided into two stages. The stage of preparing unit for decommissioning includes the following main tasks: dismantling of ‘clean’ equipment from the supervised area and its transfer for disposal; creation of a system for handling radioactive waste generated during decommissioning SNPP unit and accumulated during SNPP operation; carrying out ‘rigid’ contour decontamination of the primary coolant equipment to minimize the radioactivity level; preparation of work areas and placing of necessary equipment and systems for fragmentation, decontamination, sorting and certification of waste generated during dismantling; order, delivery and commissioning of a machinery park and equipment for dismantling building constructions, systems and equipment during decommissioning. 04
as a ‘radiation’ facility: The stage includes: complete dismantling of the radioactive equipment and systems of SNPP unit in accordance with the Project. Dismantling is usually performed according to the principle from ‘clean’ to ‘dirty’, i.e. firstly is dismantled uncontaminated equipment and systems, then slightly contaminated and finally heavily contaminated and activated equipment and structures; decontamination and change the status of building constructions of SNPP unit from a ‘radiation’ object to a ‘non-radiation’ one; processing and removal of all radioactive waste to a federal final isolation facility for storage or disposal; dismantling of unused building construction of SNPP unit; bringing the vacated site of SNPP unit to a condition that allows its unlimited industrial use (‘grey lawn’); redevelopment of the vacated territory of the industrial site. • The ‘Burial’ model of SNPP unit decommissioning: The purpose of the decommissioning model is to create a final isolation facility (near-surface disposal) based on the structures of SNPP unit being decommissioned, providing for the placement and localization of radioactively contaminated equipment components, building constructions and conditioned radioactive waste on site. It also requires creating physical barriers that exclude unauthorized access to the localization zone and ensure radiation safety of personnel, the population and the environment for the entire period of retention of potentially hazardous radioactive waste. 05
the authors have developed the stages and action sequence for decommissioning SNPP unit and indicated the main operations and timescales for every stage. The developed concept allows identifying that SNPP’s decommissioning is a relevant knowledge intensive area of atomic energy development in Russia and abroad. Ensuring nuclear, radiation and environmental safety during decommissioning should be laid down at the initial stage of the plant’s life cycle. Section devoted to SNPP’s decommissioning, as well as the disposal of the equipment and materials generated during the process, is an integral part of the decommissioning project. If this section is not included in the design materials, it must be developed and approved by the Rospotrebnadzor no later than 5 years before the scheduled end of the SNPP operation. In addition, another primary task is engineering personnel training in technical universities of Russia.
Spiridonov - Academy of State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia (Moscow) Igor Derevshkin - Gubkin Branch of National University of Science and Technology MISIS (Gubkin) Tatiana Bukreeva, Ksenia Chebotareva, Olga Shinkareva - Southwest State University (Kursk) E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 07 «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development » AGRITECH-XI 2024 XI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 29 October - 2 November 2024
biology, agricultural production is a social form of self- developing living nature, characterized by the fact that nature through self-reflection, cognizes the logic of development and begins to regulate the interaction of biosystems. This contributes to a more complete realization of the potential of natural self-movement, speeding up its development, satisfying the constantly increasing needs of humans. However, in reality, the situation is different. The difference between agricultural production and technogenic production lies in the fact that the subject and means of labor are living nature, which qualitatively differs from inanimate nature. Firstly, it is a system that, in accordance with organic rationality, manages its interaction with the environment, preserving its integrity and potential for self-development. Secondly, it is a self-organizing, self-regulating, and self-reproducing system, possessing antientropic characteristics. Currently, agricultural production can become one of the factors of impending ecological transformations. Today one of the scenarios for the future development of humanity could be "autotrophic", which is the rapid realization of the threats associated with the destruction of the environment, a breakthrough in new biology and anthropology towards a new perception of the world and a new system of priorities based on collective interactions. 02
most important environmental laws, rules and principles of functioning and development of the biosphere: 1. The Redi Principle. In the XVII century, the theory of biogenesis arose. It was formed by the Italian physician and biologist F. Redi (1626-1697) and is known in the literature as the "The Redi Principle": the living comes only from the living, there is an impassable boundary between living and inanimate matter. In 1862, French biologist Louis Pasteur convincingly proved the impossibility of spontaneous generation of the simplest organisms in modern conditions and approved the principle of "all living things from living things". The Redi principle was redefined by V.I. Vernadskiy in 1924. The living comes only from the living, there is an impassable boundary between living and inanimate matter, although there is constant interaction. Man cannot synthesize living things. Biosystems (plants and animals) created by him with the help of genetic engineering are biomachines, because they do not possess the main quality of living systems – the ability to self-preservation, self-reproduction and development. Man is not God, and this must be accepted. 2. The principle of stable disequilibrium, formulated by E. Bauer, sounds like this: "All and only living systems are never in equilibrium and constantly perform work against the equilibrium required by the laws of physics and chemistry under existing external conditions due to their free energy."Living organisms, when external conditions change, also change their state, but this change is directed in the opposite direction – towards increasing the free energy of the system, and provides the opportunity to work on external conditions. The main properties of living systems are metabolism, cell division, reproduction and aging. This contradicts the principle of thermodynamic equilibrium (that is, rest), and the self-movement (development) of living systems looks like its violation. 3. The principle of species diversity. The species diversity of ecosystems ensures the sustainability, stability and development of the biosphere. Wildlife strives for diversity as the basis of its development – man, through agricultural production, constantly increases the scale of monoculture planting, reduces species diversity, which destroys the basis for the effective development of wildlife, the basis and prospects for the development of his own life and the lives of future generations, weakens immunity, creating prerequisites for new human diseases.
choice of the trajectory of future evolution not only of society, but also of a part of the biosphere. One of the scenarios for the development of the future of mankind may be an "autotrophic" one, the essence of which lies in the rapid awareness of thunderstorms associated with environmental destruction, an adequate response to the socio-ecological crisis, a breakthrough to a new biology and anthropology, a new worldview and a new value system based on global collective actions. A person must answer the question "What is a person, what is his place and role in the biosphere, what is the meaning of his being." He must realize his identity with nature and that "the limited relationship of people to nature determines their limited relationship to each other, and their limited relationship to each other is their limited relationship to nature ...".
University named after V.Y. Gorin, Maiskii, Russia 2Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 05 «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development » AGRITECH-XI 2024
ELEMENT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION POTENTIAL: EXPERIENCE IN TESTING TECHNIQUES» «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development» AGRITECH-XI 2024 Tatyana Litvinenko, Kapitolina Kapustina, and Roman Kapustin Belgorod State Agricultural University named after V.Y.Gorin, Maiskii, Russia Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
development of dialogue between the countries of the post–Soviet space is one of the main priorities of higher education in the Russian Federation. The participation of Russian universities in exhibitions at various educational venues helps to attract public interest in Russian educational programs, establish business contacts between various educational organizations, as well as the formation of a unified information educational space. 02
the guidance of T. Litvinenko, a manual "methodological recommendations for the development of an MBA thesis" was developed and implemented, the purpose of which was to help students taking the course in writing a thesis. "The MBA Thesis Writing Guide defines a systematic analysis of learning outcomes and provides recommendations for the development of a thesis in accordance with the developed requirements. The MBA Thesis Preparation Guide is intended for MBA students enrolled in the international course "MBA-Agribusiness". In addition to practical benefits, it was also possible to note the level of anxiety and stress reduction among students, which is also an important factor that should be taken into account when evaluating the effectiveness of the course [14]. The systematic approach includes the following structural units: the Department for International Affairs, the Department for International Relations, the linguistic educational center (preparatory department for foreign citizens, Department of Foreign languages and translations). The main activities of the center are: training in the program of additional professional education "Translator in the field of professional communication", teaching a foreign language (German/English/French) to preschoolers, primary school children, students, persons with higher education who want to improve their qualifications in a foreign language; teaching a business foreign language to participate in international student exchange programs; teaching foreign citizens and stateless persons the Russian language for their further education in universities of the Russian Federation. 03
of interaction between universities contributes to solving such problems of the modern education system as: • improving the quality of education, taking into account the possibility of using both innovative equipment and other logistical, infrastructural support for organizations participating in network interaction, as well as highly qualified personnel; • development of personal qualities and competencies of students, the ability to adapt to the educational and professional environment • creation of new educational programs aimed at training specialists capable of professional activity at the junction of various fields of science and technology (for example, engineering medicine); • intensification of the exchange of best practices in personnel training between educational organizations, creation of conditions for improving the level of professional and pedagogical skills of teaching staff for the use of modern material, technical and methodological base in the learning process.
Agricultural University named after V.Y.Gorin, Maiskii, Russia Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 05 «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development » AGRITECH-XI 2024
ЖИВОТНОВОДЧЕСКИХ СТОКАХ Евграфов Алексей Владимирович д.т.н., доцент, Перевозчикова Наталья Васильевна, к.т.н.,доцент, Филимонов Дмитрий Александрович ассистент. «XI Международная конференция AGRITECH-XI 2024: Современные агротехнологии, экологический инжиниринг и устойчивое развитие - AGRITECH-XI 2024: Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development» ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К. А. Тимирязева»
содержание животных с применением систем гидросмыва, в большом объёме появились животноводческие стоки, что привело к серьезному обострению проблемы охраны окружающей среды, в частности загрязнением её минеральными веществами, содержащимися в них в больших концентрациях По своему составу сточные воды животноводческих комплексов в 1 м3 содержат 0,8 — 1,4 кг азота, 0,3 —0,7 кг фосфора, 0,4— 1,2 кг калия. Минеральная часть азота в стоках представлена в основном в виде аммония, который содержится в них в больших концентрациях чем фосфорные и калийные минеральные соединения, поэтому они являются мощным источником поступления соединений азота в почву. № п/п Сточные воды pH K NH4 P2 O5 Взвешенный осадок Концентрация мг/л 1 Сточные воды свинокомплексов. 7,5 274 573 152 1347 2 Сточные воды КРС 7,4 860 420 158 1347 Таблица. Состав сточных вод животноводческих комплексов.
воздействия электрических полей на изменение концентрации аммонийных соединений азота в водных растворах, электролите, для дальнейшей разработки технических средств по снижению их концентрации и повышению экологической безопасности утилизации сточных вод животноводческих комплексов на полях возделывания сельскохозяйственной продукции. Используемое оборудование для проведения исследования
экспериментальных исследований использовалась схема подключения, при которой катодом являлся внешний электрод колонны, а анодом – внутренний, при значениях постоянного тока 5 А и напряжением 12 В 4 Для имитации содержания аммония в электролите использовалась дистиллированная вода с добавлением аммиачной селитры с последующим определением концентрации азотных соединений мг/л, водородного показателя pH.
составила 300 мг/л NH 3 NH 4 , через те же интервалы времени проведения эксперимента конечные значения составили 75, 65, 45 и 15 мг/л по сравнению с начальной в 300 мг/л. 75 65 45 15 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1 3 6 9 Концентрация мг/л Время минуты Изменение концентрации электролита в зависимости от времени обработки при начальном значении 300 мг/л NH3NH4.
концентрации аммонийный соединения в водных растворах, электролитах, которыми являются сточные воды животноводческих комплексов. 2. При концентрации 300 мг/л приближенной к реальной содержащийся в сточных водах животноводческих комплексов и минимальном времени обработки 1 минута, конечный результат составил 75 мг/л, что говорит о перспективности данного способа очистки и разработки промышленного образца технического средства для обработки стоков животноводства. 3. Снижение концентрации аммонийного азота уменьшает экологическую нагрузку на окружающею среду в частности на почву, грунтовые и поверхностные воды. 4. Разработка и применение технического устройства основанного на принципе воздействия электрических полей позволить повысить качество растениеводческой продукции, выращиваемой на сельскохозяйственных угодьях где утилизируются сточные воды животноводства.
to present some main highlights of the current options for effective mangosteen waste valorization in the context of the management aspects of this waste. 02
objective thus set, a literature survey was carried out on the keywords “mangosteen waste” among English-language sources in several databases. As a result, only scientific publications were considered and selected; while book chapters remained beyond the scope of the present work. The articles included here are far from exhausting all accessible and available scientific literature on the mentioned subject, since the purpose of this overview is not to describe bibliographically all possible literary sources, but only to outline the main framework with some priority directions and aspects regarding the possibilities of mangosteen waste valorization. 03
literature survey, it can be concluded that the main research framework regarding the possibilities of effective valorization of mangosteen waste includes various directions, such as preparation of activated carbon and porous carbon, study of adsorption activity, extraction of chemical compounds and characterization of biological properties, as well as some other areas for mangosteen waste utilization. Protection of the environment and the health of consumers is a main priority in the research carried out by scientists all over the world, with the aim of reducing the generated waste and the effective utilization of this waste. The main areas of mangosteen waste valorization outlined here could be supplemented, expanded and enriched in a further updated overview paper.
корм, в состав которого входят в определенном соотношении злаковые культуры, кукуруза, подсолнечник, соя, при этом в зависимости от рецептуры в состав входит травяная или костная мука, и другие добавки
Исследовались показатели качества гранулированного комбикорма, такие как: сырой протеин, сырой жир, также рассмотрели показатели, характеризующие кислотное число и перекисное число. Для комбикормов рекомендовано проводить исследования на перекисное число перед отгрузкой потребителю. Микробиологические исследования гранулированного комбикорма проводились на базе ГБУ РО «Рязанская областная ветеринарная лаборатория». Проводили определение наличие бактерий рода Salmonella, токсинообразующих анаэробов и энтеропатогенные типы кишечной палочки
хранение комбикорма в среде углекислого газа, хранение комбикорма в среде углекислого газа и азота и хранение комбикорма в среде углекислого газа и азота при добавлении воды показали, что значения качественных показателей практически не отличаются друг от друга. Наименование Срок хранения комбикорма сырой протеин,% сырой жир,% Перекисное число, % Среда углекислого газа 6 месяцев 19,36 5,73 0,19 Среда углекислого газа с азотом 6 месяцев 19,27 5,68 0,18 Среда углекислого газа с азотом при увлажнении на 1% 6 месяцев 19,43 5,76 0,16
сделать вывод о том, что хранение комбикорма в среде углекислого газа, хранение комбикорма в среде углекислого газа с азотом показали одинаковые результаты, при этом хранение комбикорма в среде углекислого газа с азотом увлажнением показало развитие токсинообразующих анаэробов. Наименование Срок хранения комбикорма Наименование показателей Результат исследования Норматив Среда углекислого газа 6 месяцев Бактерии рода Salmonella Не обнаружено Не допускается Токсинообразующие анаэробы Не обнаружено Не допускается Энтеропатогенные типы кишечной палочки Не обнаружено Не допускается Среда углекислого газа с азотом 6 месяцев Бактерии рода Salmonella Не обнаружено Не обнаружено Токсинообразующие анаэробы Не обнаружено Не обнаружено Энтеропатогенные типы кишечной палочки Не обнаружено Не обнаружено Среда углекислого газа с азотом при увлажнении на 1% 6 месяцев Бактерии рода Salmonella Не обнаружено Не допускается Токсинообразующие анаэробы Обнаружено Не допускается Энтеропатогенные типы кишечной палочки Не обнаружено Не допускается
микробиологические показатели, которые длились в течение 6 месяцев при постоянной температуре и влажности окружающей среды, в среде углекислого газа, в среде углекислого газа при предварительном обеззараживании полиэтиленового пакета азотом и хранении комбикорма в среде углекислого газа при добавлении воды можно сделать вывод, что существенного влияния на качественные и микробиологические показатели изменение окружающей среды не оказывает. При этом выявлено, что хранение комбикорма в среде углекислого газа с добавлением воды способствует развитию токсинообразующих анаэробов, следовательно, хранение комбикорма при повышенной влажности недопустимо. Анализирую исследования проведенные ране, можно рекомендовать провести анализ комбикорма на обнаружение микроскопических грибов, которые хорошо размножаются и формируются во влажной среде, особенно такие исследования необходимо провести с комбикормом, к которому была добавлена вода.
материалов в электростатическом поле по смолистости» «Химическое, экологическое, нефтегазовое машиностроение и природные ресурсы » АГРОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ-XI 2024: передовые агротехнологии, экологическая инженерия и устойчивое развитие Макаров Владимир Евгеньевич
способами, которые обеспечивают устойчивое экономическое развитие, гармонизацию взаимодействия общества и природной среды, рационализацию использования природно-ресурсного потенциала, экономические механизмы эколого- безопасного природопользования. Рациональное природопользование включает выполнения задач в области повышения механизации технологических процессов и внедрения передовой ресурсосберегающей технологии на основе полного использования биомассы всех видов сырья лесозаготовительного производства. Одним из таких направлений является полное использование всей биомассы дерева, а именно широкое использование побочного вида сырья (отходов) – пневой древесины, горбыля, сучьев, вершинок дерева и т.д., которое при современных условиях лесозаготовок составляет 15–25 % от общего объема заготавливаемой древесины. Кроме того, резкое сокращение объёмов лесозаготовок и высокая себестоимость производимых работ способствует более глубокому вовлечению в переработку древесных отходов. 02
размерным признакам (по фракциям: крупная, средняя и мелкая фракции); 2. по толщине (особенно актуальна для целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности); 3. по назначению (технологическая и топливная); 3. по смолистости (в настоящее время стандартами и характеристиками технологической щепы не регламентируют содержание в ней смолистых веществ, являющееся важным показателем для применимости в гидролизном производстве. Возникает необходимость сортировки щепы по смолистости на высоко- и низкосмолистую, как необходимый этап подготовки сырья для производства канифоли и скипидара). 03
способы сортировки твёрдых и сыпучих материалов. К ним относятся: разделение в электрическом, центробежном, гидравлическом, пневматическом и вибрационном сепараторах, а также с помощью вибрационного, воздушно-вихревого, пневматического классификаторов. Однако используемые в перечисленные технологиях физические эффекты неприменимы для сортировки технологической щепы по смолистости. Одним из наиболее перспективных, на наш взгляд, способов, позволяющим качественно отделить высокосмолистую щепу, является использование электрического сепаратора. Целью исследований является совершенствование способа разделения технологической щепы по степени смолистости, полученной из пневой и некондиционной древесины. Методы решения: 1. литературный и патентный поиск конструкций сортировочных устройств; 2. морфологический анализ рассмотренных конструкций; 3. синтез их элементов; 4. нахождение и анализ их недостатков. 04
от стружечной массы : 1 – конвейер; 2 – направляющая; 3 – проволочные электроды; 4 – пластинчатые электроды; I – кора; II – крупные древесные частицы; III – мелкие древесные частицы
№858920). Сущность изобретения заключается в следующем: предварительное доведение компонентов сортируемого материала до равной степени влажности. Рабочая часть сепаратора представляет собой электроды размером 1000х1000 мм, размещённые под углом к вертикали. Расстояние между ними вверху и внизу, равно, соответственно 100 мм и 200 мм. Электрическое поле напряжённостью от 5 до 10 кВ/см создают подачей на электроды напряжения 100 кВ. В него направляется обработанный до равной степени влажности (4,3%) пневой осмол. Благодаря различному содержанию канифоли в частицах, диэлектрические свойства при влажности 4,3% в них значительно отличаются. За счет этого частицы с разным количеством канифоли получают заряды разной величины и притягиваются к разным электродам. Таким образом происходит разделение щепы по смолистости. Последовательно проводимые классификация древесины по крупности и разделение в поле напряженностью до 10 кВ/м при влажности материала 4,3% позволяет извлечь 30…50% ядровой древесины с высокой смолистостью.
устройств для сортировки технологической щепы и других древесных частиц на фракции по смолистости в электростатическом поле, выявлены недостатки данной конструкции: 1. низкая эффективность процесса разделения древесных частиц; 2. увеличение напряженности электрического поля; 3. возможность проскакивания искр; 4. электрический пробой и короткое замыкание электродов. 07
поступает на ленту подающего транспортера 10, приводящегося в движение электродвигателем 11 через ременную передачу 12. С ленты подающего транспортера технологическая щепа поступает на металлическую ленту 15 ) подзаряжающего транспортера 13. Между лентой 15 и верхней металлической пластиной 16 создается однородное электрическое поле, в котором щепа подзаряжается, получая при этом отрицательный электрический заряд. От электрической силовой установки 2, 3 через силовые кабели 4 положительные электроды сепаратора 5 и отрицательный электрод 6 заряжаются разнородными зарядами, и в пространстве между ними создается неоднородное электрическое поле. Напряженность поля регулируется подаваемым напряжением, а также расстоянием между электродами. Сепаратор включает положительные электроды 5, соединенные между собой и размещенные под углом к вертикали. Между положительными электродами посередине находится отрицательный электрод 6, выполненный в виде параллельных проволок, соединенных рамкой. Таким образом, создается неоднородное электрическое поле путем устройства электродов в виде проволоки, натянутой между плоскими пластинами. Густота силовых линий и, следовательно, напряженность поля в этих условиях наиболее высока у провода и постепенно убывает по мере приближения к пластине (Фиг. 2). Напряженность поля непосредственно у пластины является недостаточной для искрообразования и электрического пробоя. Технологическая щепа, падая в пространстве между электродами, отклоняется от оси сепаратора в зависимости от степени смолистости. Более смолистая щепа, получив больший отрицательный заряд, сильнее отклоняется в сторону положительного электрода. Менее смолистая - получает меньшее отклонение. Установкой шторки 17 рассортировывают щепу на две фракции: малосмолистую и высокосмолистую. Падая, щепа попадает на поддон сепаратора, имеющего конические прямоугольные воронки, и поступает в бункеры 7и 8.
установка а б в а–общий вид установки; б – сортировочный бункер лабораторной установки; в – электроды установки Параметрические размеры экспериментальной установки: - размеры пластин, мм - 500x1500; - толщина пластин, мм – 3; - расстояние между пластинами, мм: - в верхней части – 200; - в нижней части – 400 (. - диаметр проволоки отрицательного электрода, мм –2 мм; - материал транспортера - изоляционный; - транспортерная лента сетка– медная эластичная сетка. Основные установочные параметры становки: - мощность максимальная, кВт - 2,5;, - выходное напряжение, кВ - 6 - 60 кВ. 10
частиц в среде электростатического поля и приведены ее основные установочные параметры. Основные установочные параметры сепаратора: - мощность максимальная, кВт - 2,5;, - выходное напряжение, кВ - 6 - 60 кВ. Представлена методика проведения натурных экспериментальных исследований и получены ее результаты. Экспериментальная установка дает возможность: 1. повысить действенность сортировочного процесса; 2. сбавить напряженность в электростатическом поле; 3. повысить противопожарную безопасность за счет предотвращения проскакивания искр, электрического пробоя, короткого замыкания электродов. При сепарации щепы при массе древесных частиц=const, в экспериментах №6, 7 при электрическом напряжении U=50 кВ и №8 при U=55 кВ с влажностью щепы от 7 до 15% наблюдается полное разделение щепы по фракциям смолистости. Дальнейшее исследование процесса сепарации щепы планирует дифференциацию частиц древесины: 1. при различной их массе; 2. при искусственном просмолении частиц; 3. при изменении напряжения и влажности частиц. Исследование выполнено при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (грант № 075-15-2021-674) и БУЦ «Экология, биотехнологии и процессы получения экологически чистых энергоносителей» Поволжского государственного технологического университета. , Йошкар-Ола).
biosurfactants for plant protection against phytopathogens» «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development» AGRITECH-XI 2024 Yuriy Syromyatnikov, Shakhista Ishniyazova, Sergey Voinash, Alexandra Orekhovskaya, Vladimir Vanzha, and Leisan Akhtyamova
phase associated with the need to increase food production for a growing population while simultaneously reducing the negative impact on the environment. One of the most critical problems faced by agricultural producers is the infection of crops by phytopathogens—bacteria, fungi, and viruses—that lead to significant yield losses and a deterioration in product quality. In traditional crop protection systems, chemical pesticides are widely used to combat pathogens. However, this approach has its limitations. In addition to the direct harm caused to the environment, the continuous use of pesticides leads to the emergence of resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms, making their control more difficult. This presents serious challenges for the agricultural sector and stimulates the search for new environmentally friendly and effective plant protection solutions. One of the promising approaches in this area is the development of biological plant protection agents that do not harm ecosystems while demonstrating high efficacy in fighting phytopathogens. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the use of natural biocides and biogenic compounds with antimicrobial activity. Thiosulfonates are one of the promising groups of compounds in this field. These are synthetic analogs of natural compounds found in various plants such as onions and garlic. Thiosulfonates exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and can be used to protect crops from bacterial infections. 02
methods were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of compositions based on thiosulfonates and biogenic surfactants (BS). • To enhance the action of thiosulfonates, a rhamnolipid biocomplex (RBC) synthesized by the microbial strain Pseudomonas sp. PS-19 was used. Rhamnolipids were isolated and purified using liquid extraction and ultrafiltration. • Two phytopathogenic strains were used to test the antimicrobial activity of the compositions: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the causative agent of crown gall in grapevines and fruit crops, and Clavibacter michiganensis, the causative agent of bacterial ring rot in vegetable crops. The cultures were maintained on agar media and periodically subcultured to ensure viability. 03
biocomplex demonstrate high antimicrobial activity against the phytopathogens Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Clavibacter michiganensis. These compositions have the potential for use in the agro-industrial sector to combat bacterial plant diseases. Further research will focus on optimizing the composition and studying its effects on other types of phytopathogens. 04 Fig. 1. Stability and antimicrobial effectiveness of compositions containing MTS and ATS in combination with RBC Fig. 2. MIC and MBC of compositions and extracellular protein increase
into account the concept of "Healthy Lifestyle» «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development» AGRITECH-XI 2024 Anna Kovaleva, Elvira Pyanikova, Oxana Evdokimova and Svetlana Galchenko
prepared from ground oat flakes "Hercules", oat flour - with oat flakes "Hercules", eggs - with apple husk,sugar - with topinambour syrup allows to obtain oatmeal biscuits of dietary orientation. The use of these components in the recipe leads to the appearance of two additional technological operations: the first - preparation of oat flour from oat flakes "Hercules", the second - preparation of a mixture of apple husk, fat component (butter or vegetable oil) and topinambour syrup. The second technological operation allows to obtain a dough with the required rheological characteristics. It provides uniformity of distribution of the components included in the recipe and contributes to the formation of a homogeneous structure of the dough and finished oatmeal biscuits. The duration of baking of biscuits, compared to the control sample, increased by 7-12 minutes. At the same time, the baking temperature decreased from 180-240°C to 160°C. The introduced changes in the recipe of oatmeal biscuits influenced the organoleptic quality indicators of the finished product. Addition of apple husk to the recipe gave a pleasant fruity taste and aroma of apple raw material to the biscuits. Replacement of sugar with sugar-containing components (topinambour syrup, apple pomace and apricots) allowed to obtain a finished product balanced in sweetness. According to physico-chemical parameters the developed samples correspond to the current normative document for this type of products. The recommended shelf life for dietary oatmeal biscuits is 7 days under the storage conditions. 02
a recipe and technology of oatmeal biscuits taking into account the concept of "Healthy Lifestyle". In the development of oatmeal diet biscuits as a control recipe was taken from the collection of recipes (Collection of uniform recipes for biscuits, 1989, recipe No. 198). In order to obtain dietary oatmeal biscuits a number of substitutions were made: wheat flour was completely replaced by oat flour made from ground oat flakes "Hercules", oat flour - by oat flakes "Hercules", eggs - by apple pomace, sugar - by topinambour syrup. Taking into account the adjustments made to the recipe ingredients and their quantitative ratio during repeated laboratory baking, the formulations (sample No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4). When preparing the sample of oatmeal diet biscuits No.2, the product was slightly damp inside. The increased moisture was due to the excessive amount of apple pomace, which contains dietary fibres with increased moisture retention capacity. Therefore, it was decided to reduce the apple pith content and change the baking temperatures. As a result of repeated baking and adjustments of recipe ingredients, recipe No. 3 was worked out, which allowed to obtain the required result. Also, in order to obtain dietary biscuits, butter was replaced with vegetable oil in the recipe (sample #4). This substitution affected the reduction of some organoleptic indicators, so the recipe with the optimal ratio of ingredients was taken as the recipe №3. 03
a study conducted on the development of oatmeal biscuits for people with healthy lifestyles: - a distinctive feature of the recipe of enriched oatmeal biscuits from the traditional one is the complete replacement of wheat flour with oat flour obtained by grinding oat flakes "Hercules", and oat flour with oat flakes "Hercules"; - additional operations were added to the production process: preparation of oat flour from Hercules oat flakes; preparation of a mixture of apple pomace, a fat component (butter or vegetable oil) and topinambour syrup; - the introduced technological operation on preparation of a mixture of apple pomace, fat component (butter or vegetable oil) and topinambour syrup allows to obtain dough with the required rheological characteristics, providing uniformity of distribution of components included in the recipe composition, formation of homogeneous structure of dough and ready oatmeal biscuits; - baking process of oatmeal diet biscuits was carried out for a longer time (during 20 minutes) at a lower temperature of 160°C, in comparison with the traditional technology - (180-240)°C for 8-13 minutes; - studies of organoleptic quality indicators of diet oatmeal biscuits showed that according to the results the optimal sample №3 with reduced by 25% in relation to sample №2 amount of apple pomace and addition of apricots; - introduction of apple squeeze into the formulation of diet oatmeal biscuits gave them a pleasant fruity taste and aroma of apple raw material; - replacement of sugar with sugar-containing components (topinambour syrup, apple pomace and apricots) ensured the production of dietary oatmeal biscuits with balanced sweetness; - The study of physicochemical parameters of the developed sample of oatmeal diet biscuits (sample №3) showed that the obtained data are within the limits allowed by the current standard; - according to the results of research to establish shelf life recommended shelf life for diet oatmeal biscuits is 7 days under storage conditions (temperature not higher than 22 ° C and relative humidity not less than 75%, storage in packaged form).
seeds and apple pomace for the production of cookies» «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development» AGRITECH-XI 2024 Elvira Pyanikova, Anna Kovaleva, Oxana Evdokimova, Anna Pavlova and Ekaterina Pavlova
black cumin seeds, the introduction of freshly frozen apple pomace instead of sugar allows you to get cookies enriched with dietary fiber, vitamins E and C and a number of nutrients (potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine and iron). The introduction of these components into the formulation affects the production technology: first, a mixture of bulk ingredients is prepared, then thawed apple pomace is introduced and then table margarine. This sequence of operations eliminates lumps of flour in the dough. Kneading lasts 5-7 minutes. at room temperature with a rotation speed of 40-60 rpm. The duration of baking cookies, in comparison with the control sample, increased by 2 times and amounted to 13-15 minutes at a temperature of 240°C. During organoleptic studies of baked cookie samples, it was found that in order to obtain a finished product with high quality indicators, it is optimal to add black cumin flour in an amount of 7.4% and starch (in sample No. 2) in an amount of 7.4% of the total weight of the total amount of all ingredients. The use of freshly frozen apple pomace in the formulation made it possible to obtain a product with a pleasant light taste, smell and color of apple raw materials. The study of the mass fraction of moisture and alkalinity allowed us to establish that the developed cookie samples comply with the current regulatory document for this type of product. The optimal shelf life for cookie samples is no more than 30 days. 02
the effect of flour from black cumin seeds and apple pomace on the production technology and consumer properties of cookies. When developing a cookie recipe using black cumin flour and apple pomace, 2 recipes for sugar cookies "Uzhkandinyai" (recipe No. 129) and shortbread pastry "Leaves" (recipe No. 160) were taken from the collection "Recipes for cookies, biscuits and waffles" edited by M.K. Smirnova. In the course of repeated laboratory baking, taking into account the adjustments made for recipe ingredients and their quantitative ratio, 2 formulations were developed. Due to the complete absence of sugar and sweeteners in the cookie samples, they cannot be attributed to either sugar or rich shortbread cookies. The sweet taste of the finished product is given by fruit sugars, which are part of apple pomace. In the formulations of the developed samples, apple pomace is introduced in an amount of 30-35% of the total mass of raw materials. Wheat flour of the highest grade was replaced with black cumin flour in the amount of 7.4% of the total mass of raw materials. The amount of this component was determined experimentally taking into account the organoleptic quality indicators of the finished product, since black cumin flour has specific organoleptic properties. 03
research on the influence of non-traditional raw materials (flour from black cumin seeds and apple pomace) in cookies on the quality indicators of the finished product, the following conclusions were made: - adjustments were made to the technological process of making cookies, the sequence of application of all ingredients, temperature and time modes of baking were determined; the experimentally selected content of apple pomace and starch made it possible to achieve the optimal baking time of cookies (the duration of baking cookies increased by 2 times); - during organoleptic studies, it was found that in order to obtain cookies using flour from black cumin seeds with high quality indicators, it is optimal to add black cumin flour in an amount of 7.4% (no more than 7.5% is allowed) of the total amount of all ingredients; the introduction of apple pomace into the formulation allowed to obtain a product with a pleasant light taste, smell and the color of apple raw materials; - a study of the physico-chemical parameters of the developed cookie samples showed that they are within the limits allowed by the current regulatory document: the mass fraction of moisture in sample No. 1 was 8.0%, in sample No. 2 – 5.8%; alkalinity in sample No. 1 – 0.65 degrees, in sample No. 2 – 1.18 degrees; - according to the results of studies on the establishment of expiration dates, the recommended shelf life for cookie samples is no more than 30 days; - the exclusion of sugar and sugar-containing raw materials from the formulation of the developed cookies, the introduction of flour from black cumin seeds and apple pomace allows you to reduce calories, increase the content of dietary fiber, vitamins E and C, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine and iron.
in solving the problems of food systems around the world. Digital technologies have a wide range of potential from reducing production costs by linking sellers and buyers of input data, improving access to information, knowledge, technological innovation and markets to improving farm-level resource management by using data analytics.
increase yields and reduce losses resulting from poor crop management. The potential of agriculture digitalization in Africa to promote food security, poverty reduction and environmental sustainability still requires proper assessment based on empirical data. More research is required to go beyond the initial over-optimistic reports and help overcome local barriers and as yet unknown or unexpected effects.
of Kenya has introduced an open data initiative to make available general economic data on development, demographic, statistical and expenditure indicators in a useful digital format for researchers, private companies, information and communication technology (ICT) developers and the public. Arouna has been studing the effectiveness of a mobile application that provides personalized recommendations for rice nutrient management in Nigeria and proves that this digital knowledge dissemination service has increased farmers' yields by 7 percent and their profits by 10 percent. In the country Ignatia Ghana cooperates with ACDI/VOCA getting weather forecast information to farmers via SMS. The flagship product is a 48—hour weather forecast message that is sent daily via SMS directly to the subscriber's phone.
and their impact on scale is the lack of cost-effective ways to compare and contrast solutions and making informed decisions about which ones will actually work. In addition, farmers need to be involved in digital processes in order to understand local conditions and develop result-oriented solutions. That takes monetary and temporary investments.
systems, solving these challenges is crucial to its success. Africa can use digitalization to transformative change of its food systems, ensuring sustainable development and improved living conditions for all.
can improve coordination and information sharing, stimulate research and help conceptualize and deploy meaningful digital inclusion programs in excluded communities. It is necessary to develop targeted investments in interaction ecosystems for enabling data exchange between institutions. Such platforms can facilitate the constant exchange of knowledge generation processes, context-specific practices, collective needs and research results.
production of flour confectionery products» «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development» AGRITECH-XI 2024 Svetlana Mihailova and Egor Mihailov
a promising source of plant raw materials for creation of food products containing physiologically functional ingredients. Melon seeds obtained from industrial processing of fruits are the least studied. Oil seeds of melon crops such as pumpkin, watermelon and melon are valuable raw materials for producing and expanding the range of delicacy vegetable oils and high protein oilcakes that can be used in the form of flour. The seed kernel contains protein, the amino acid composition of which is unique. Its inclusion in food products makes it possible to compensate for the lack of vitamins, minerals and amino acids in the human body. This development is aimed at expanding the range of flour confectionery product - cake, using in its recipe the product of processing of secondary raw materials - melon seed flour. The article presents the product recipe, studies its chemical composition, biological and energy value, and substantiates the feasibility of using secondary raw materials. A score and organoleptic assessment of the quality of the new product is carried out. 02
a recipe for the production of flour confectionery product - a cake with the use of secondary raw material - melon seed flour. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were formulated: -to study the regulatory documentation for flour confectionery product - a cake; - on the basis of available technologies to develop an alternative product using secondary raw materials; - to develop a recipe for a new product, to carry out the production of prototypes, using secondary raw materials; - to evaluate the quality of the samples obtained. When developing the recipe for the cake, the recipe for the weighted cake "Stolichny" was taken as a basis, from the collection of recipes for flour confectionery products in accordance with GOST 15052 - 2014 "Cakes. General specifications« To create a product with a new recipe composition, we used: - melon seed flour, produced by "OrientalExotic", origin: India. The flour is a yellow powder with a pleasant melon smell, sour taste, good grinding, without coarse inclusions. When grinding, it does not give the feeling of grains, premium flour. 03
following conclusion can be made: the use of melon seed flour in the production of flour confectionery - cake is advisable, because it improves the protein composition of the product, increases its energy value, saturates the product with useful vitamins: ascorbic acid (vitamin C - up to 0.81 mg, in the control sample this vitamin is absent), vitamins B1 - thiamine - up to 0.21 mg), vitamin B4 - choline up to 76.31 mg, phylloquinone (vitamin K - up to 2.4 mcg), gamma-tocapherol - up to 0.37 mg, natural folates - up to 17.2 mcg, vitamin B5, pantothenic acid 1.66 mg, vitamin PP, NE - up to 2.4 mg. There was an increase in the product's macroelements: potassium - up to 242.51 mg, calcium up to 61 mg, magnesium - up to 68 mg, phosphorus - up to 254.6 mg. Microelements also increased in the product's composition: manganese up to 0.74 mg, iron - twice as much, selenium - up to 9.18 mg, zinc - twice as much. The improvement of the product's mineral composition makes it possible to recommend it for production. The inclusion of the additive improves the rheological and structural-mechanical properties of the dough, increases the elastic properties of the finished product. During the organoleptic evaluation of the resulting cake, it was found that the addition of flour obtained from melon seeds gives it a pleasant taste and aroma. Thus, the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that secondary resources of melon raw materials have great potential for use in the food industry, in particular, in confectionery production to increase the nutritional and biological value of products. The obtained product expands the range of flour confectionery products. It can be recommended in the diet of people suffering from cardiac diseases, as the product is saturated with such minerals as potassium and magnesium.
food waste • Russia generated 17.9 million tons of food wast • Food waste emits methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide into the environment • The carbon footprint of this amount of waste is estimated at 64 million tons of CO2 eq 02
States in the 1960s • In Europe, this movement became known as food sharing and evolved into a collective non-profit movement of ecoactivists • The world practice has already worked out a standardized scheme of food sharing 03
associations that have no legal status or authority to donate food. 04 • social support for needy segments of the population • will reduce the measures of social product support from the state to unprotected segments of the population • additionally saves costs for the utilization of organic waste • reduces harmful emissions of gases, biological substances into the environment • increases the ecological status of commercial structures for their participation in the preservation of products
of the RAS BIOTECH University, E-mail: [email protected] 05 «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development » AGRITECH-XI 2024
сыров без созревания» «Современные агротехнологии, экологический инжиниринг и устойчивое развитие» AGRITECH-XI 2024 Беляев Алексей Геннадьевич, Швец Ольга Михайловна, Беляева Ирина Владимировна
чиа, в качестве обогащающей добавки. в изготовлении мягкого сыра без созревания, и их влияния на показатели качества полученных опытных образцов. • В исследовании были намечены такие задачи, как подбор компонентов рецептур, для создания новых видов образцов мягкого сыра без созревания, полученных с внесением различных концентраций муки из семян чиа. • Образцы полученного продукта были исследованы по показателям качества, определены лучшие образцы, сочетающие хорошие физико-химические показатели, и пользу для организма. … 02 Мягкие сыры зачастую не обладают достаточной питательной ценностью, что может привести к нехватке важных микроэлементов и биологически активных веществ. Семена чиа содержат около 40 % масла, примерно 20 % белка и не содержат холестерина. Они богаты клетчаткой, антиоксидантами и витаминами, включая разнообразные жизненно важные минералы, такие как кальций, железо, калий и цинк. Одним из самых значимых свойств семян чиа является высокое содержание незаменимой жирной кислоты альфа-линоленовой омега-3, превышающего таковое в рыбе и других злаках и семенах.
• мука из семян чиа, молоко коровье 3,2% жирность пастеризованное, лимонный сок из расчета 15 мл на 1 литр молока, соль поваренная. Массовую доля жира в сухом веществе %, массовую долю влаги %, массовую долю хлористого натрия %, водородный показатель рН, количество золы, количество сухих веществ, в образцах определяли после изготовления, согласно методам, приведенным в Официальных методах анализа AOAC INTERNATIONAL (OMA). • Содержание железа в продуктах питания определяли с помощью спектрофотометра, основанного на измерение интенсивности окраски раствора комплексного соединения двухвалентного железа с ортофенантролинном, с предварительной сухой минерализацией образцов. 03
соответствии с обозначенной целью были решены поставленные задачи. Определена и доказана эффективность применения продуктов муки из семян чиа, при изготовлении мягких сыров без созревания. • Эффективность применения вносимой добавки заключается в полученных результатах по определению концентрации макроэлемента железа, и физико-химических показателей, в представленных образцах изделий. Практическая значимость проведённого исследования заключается в возможности применения полученных результатов в производстве мягкого сыра без созревания. Также научная новизна проведенного исследования заключается в использовании муки из семян чиа при изготовлении сыров и исследовании их показателей качества. • По данным работы оценки сыра 3-х образцов выявлено, что лучшим образцом по содержанию железа оказался образец №4. • …
7631pektin@mail. ru Швец Ольга Михайловна Курский государственный аграрный университет имени И. И. Иванова e-mail: [email protected] 05 «Современные агротехнологии, экологический инжиниринг и устойчивое развитие» AGRITECH-XI 2024
«Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development» AGRITECH-XI 2024 Maria Zaikina, Alexander Zaikin, Svetlana Galchenko
contain plant-based ingredients play a key role in the development of the vegan movement and its impact on global cuisine. With an increasing number of people giving up animal products, food manufacturers are ready to offer a wide range of alternative products that will meet the needs and preferences of vegans and non-vegans. This article proposes a technology for the production of marshmallows in which egg white is replaced by aquafaba from chickpea and sugar by the sugar substitute trehalose. Work was carried out to study the effect of additives on the properties of marshmallow mass and the final product. It was observed that the replacement of the main components in the marshmallow formulation affected the moisture content and porosity of the final product. The marshmallow, due to the replacement of sugar with trehalose, became less caloric (197 kcal per 100 g), the protein content increased by 4.19%. The proposed marshmallow technology will allow to expand the range of marshmallows on agar without the use of egg protein for all population groups, including for lean and vegetarian diet, as well as for people who are allergic to egg protein and glucose tolerance. 02
formulation of marshmallow, in which egg white was completely replaced by chickpea aquafaba and sugar by trehalose. The standard marshmallow recipe (with sugar and egg white) was used as a control sample. The model recipe of marshmallow includes the following raw components: aquafaba from chickpea, trehalose, drinking water, raspberry puree, agar-agar and citric acid. The chickpea aquafaba was prepared beforehand. Fresh raspberries were mashed through a sieve to get rid of the pips. In parallel, agar-isomalt syrup is prepared by mixing food agar with isomalt, dissolving the resulting mixture in the rest of the water. Then the resulting mixture is heated to a temperature of 55 ° C and maintained at this temperature for 4-5 minutes with constant stirring, then bring the resulting syrup to a temperature of 105-110 ° C. Preparation of marshmallow mass was carried out by batch method in a batch beater. In order to determine the influence of trehalose on the technology and qualitative indicators of the developed marshmallow, organoleptic, physical-chemical and structural-mechanical indicators were determined by standard methods. Density was determined by determining the volume of displaced liquid of pre-weighed products. Nutritional value was assessed by the chemical composition of marshmallow components. The study of each parameter was carried out in three multiple repetitions. The values of measurements, weights and calculations of coefficients were taken as an average of 10 samples. 03
researches the practical possibility of application in the technology of vegan marshmallow aquafaba from chickpea and trehalose as a substitute for sugar has been established. Also, the replacement of recipe components does not affect the structural and mechanical properties of marshmallow mass and the finished product. According to organoleptic and physical-chemical parameters the model sample is not inferior to the control sample. Substitution of sugar for trehalose allows to reduce the sugar intensity of vegan marshmallow. The content of carbohydrates in the model sample was 9.6 g per 100 g of the finished product.
и их влияние на органолептические и пищевые свойства продукта » «Современные агротехнологии, экологический инжиниринг и устойчивое развитие» AGRITECH-X 2024 Боев Сергей Григорьевич, Трубников Владимир Николаевич
работающего человека. Со временем производители поняли, что продукты из молока хорошо сочетаются с различными добавками, при помощи которых их можно обогатить различными полезными веществами, которые делают его более вкусным, ценным продуктом. Используя данное качество молока, было проведено много исследований, в которых рассматривался вопрос использования различных компонентов в разных пропорциях. • Целью исследования являлось определение возможности использования компонентов из апельсина и ананаса в качестве обогащающей добавки в изготовлении кисломолочных изделий, их влияния на показатели качества полученных образцов. • В исследовании были намечены такие задачи как: • подбор компонентов рецептур, для создания новых видов образцов йогурта обогащенного, полученных с внесением различного количества компонентов из апельсина и ананаса, улучшение пищевых свойств продукта; • исследование образцов полученного продукта по показателям качества; • определение лучших образцов, сочетающие хорошие органолептические показатели, и пользу для организма. 02
физико- химическим показателям: пористость, массовая доля влаги, кислотность в продукте • Технология изготовления образцов. В рецептуру образцов йогурта добавляли компоненты из апельсина и ананаса для обогащения кисломолочного продукта. Мелко нарезанные кусочки из апельсина ананаса вносили в количестве 5% апельсина во все образцы и 10, 15% ананаса к массе молока непосредственно после сквашивания. • Физико-химические показатели образцов. Пористость, массовую долю влаги, кислотность образцов определяли после изготовления, согласно методам, описанных в AOAC (2023) • Оценку органолептических свойств образцов проводили с помощью экспертов и органолептических методов 03
boev.boss@yandex. ru Трубников Владимир Николаевич Курский государственный аграрный университет имени И. И. Иванова [email protected] 05 «Современные агротехнологии, экологический инжиниринг и устойчивое развитие» AGRITECH-X 2024
привлечь покупателей требуется разработка новых компонентов в составе, поэтому целесообразно разрабатывать новые виды хлебобулочных изделий, в том числе пшеничного хлеба. Постановка задач • изучить характеристику основного сырья для производства пшеничного хлеба; • провести анализ ассортимента и рынка хлебобулочных изделий; • исследовать возможность использования молотой куркумы в технологии приготовления пшеничного хлеба; • изучить технологическую схему производства пшеничного хлеба; • провести исследование органолептических показателей готового продукта; • провести исследование физико–химических показателей полученных образцов пшеничного хлеба. 02
в лабораториях кафедры товароведения, технологии и экспертизы товаров ЮЗГУ. В работе использовали общепринятые и специальные методы оценки свойств продукта. Свойства готовых лабораторных образцов хлеба оценивали по органолептическим и физико-химическим показателям, которые определяли в соответствии с методиками. • Определение массовой доли влаги и сухих веществ (%) в изделиях проводили стандартным методом по ГОСТ 21094. • Титруемую кислотность (град) определяли по ГОСТ 5670-96. • Органолептические показатели готовых образцов хлеба оценивали по ГОСТ 5667-65. • Пористость хлеба определяли с помощью пробника Журавлёва . 03
было выявлено и определено, что лучший итоговый оценочный балл получил образец №2. Цвет у изделия золотистый, поверхность без крупных трещин и надрывов, без надрезов и наколов, пропеченность – пропеченный и эластичный, приятный вкус и запах, без посторонних запахов и привкусов. • В целом по результатам проведенных исследований физико - химических показателей качества образцов белого хлеба с добавлением порошка куркумы все показатели находятся в пределах нормы. С учетом дегустационной оценки и мнений экспертов лучшим и рекомендуемым к внедрению является образец №2, с добавлением 3% куркумы от общей массы пшеничной муки. • В процессе хранения у всего образцов хлеба выявлены изменения органолептических показателей качества: признаки усыхания проявились по прошествии 24 часов с момента выпечки, о чем свидетельствует незначительное затвердевание корок и усыхание мякиша. Спустя 48 часов с момента выпечки можно было отметить, что корки хлеба стали твердыми, при разрезании сильно крошились, мякиш стал терять эластичность, вкус и запах недостаточно выражены. • По истечении 96 часов образцы трудно поддавались разрезанию, что свидетельствует о значительном очерствении хлеба. Процессы плесневения хлеба были не выявлены.
with the addition of pea flour» «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development» AGRITECH-X 2024 Galina Ivanova, Olga Kolman, Marina Glotova, Ekaterina Nikulina, and Olga Evtukhova
are faced with the task of satisfying the needs of various population groups for healthy nutrition. The solution to this problem can be to expand the range of products using non-traditional raw materials in order to increase the nutritional value of products and the efficiency of the technological process. The main direction of increasing the nutritional value of flour confectionery products is the elimination of the deficiency of individual components, enrichment with complete proteins and dietary fiber. • The raw materials used and finished food products should be manufactured with the simultaneous solution of research and production problems, based on rational technological schemes for obtaining, maximally preserving nutrients, ensuring safety and reliability, high consumer properties, their nutritional complementarity and attractiveness. One of the modern trends in the flour confectionery market is the growth in the production of enriched products, however, it should be noted that the volume of production of flour confectionery products of increased nutritional value for use in diets in Russia is insufficient. 02
a recipe for the "Pea" cake with the addition of pea flour was developed. • Optimal modes for the production of the "Pea" cake with the addition of pea flour were determined, which allow obtaining new flour confectionery products with improved organoleptic and consumer properties. • The optimal content of pea flour in the recipe is 18% of the total mass of wheat flour provided by the traditional recipe. • Organoleptic, physicochemical and consumer quality indicators of the developed "Pea" cake were studied. • The "Pea" cake, compared to the control sample, contains more proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins B1 and PP, minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium). It was revealed that the introduction of pea flour into the composition of the cakes allows them to be positioned as products with increased nutritional value. • These flour confectionery products can be recommended for expanding the range of flour products for the nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation. 03
chemical composition of wheat and pea flour was performed, which showed a significant superiority of pea flour in various indicators. • Optimum modes of production of new flour confectionery products with improved organoleptic and consumer indicators were established. • The amount of pea flour added to the recipe is 18% instead of the added mass of flour. • A technology for the production of a new type of flour confectionery products has been developed – the Pea muffin with the addition of pea flour. • Organoleptic, physicochemical and consumer quality indicators of the developed flour confectionery products were studied. • The new flour confectionery products have an increased content of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins B1 and PP, minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium). • A draft of technical specifications and process instructions has been developed for the new flour confectionery products. It was found that adding pea flour to flour confectionery products (muffins) allows them to be positioned as products with increased nutritional value. • These flour confectionery products can be recommended for expanding the range of flour products for the nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation.
Olga Evtukhova Siberian Federal University E-mail: [email protected] 05 «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development » AGRITECH-X 2024
контроля загрязнения атмосферы (АСКЗА) (включая мобильные АСКЗА и АСКЗА на территории ТиНАО), которые круглосуточно, в режиме реального времени измеряют содержание в атмосферном воздухе 26 веществ, характерных для выбросов антропогенных источников Москвы 02
состоит из большого количества площадок постоянного мониторинга. Оценка качества почв проводится по 24 показателям ежегодно на различных типах территорий: зоны жилой застройки, природные и озелененные территории, общественные пространства, транспортные магистрали и производственные зоны. 02
как повышенная. Характерно это для всего города. К числу приоритетных загрязнителей атмосферного воздуха, определяющих санитарную ситуацию в городе, относятся диоксид азота, суммарные углеводороды, формальдегид, аммиак, сероводород, взвешенные вещества. 03
фтора и др. химических элементов • содержание нефтепродуктов в грунтах до глубины 11,0 м относится к «допустимому» уровню, за исключением слоя 1,0-2,0 м где содержание нефтепродуктов относится «очень высокому» уровню загрязнения, а в слое 2,0-3,0 м – к «среднему» уровню загрязнения 03
цинка в 1,17 • почвы и грунты в слое 1,0-2,0 м характеризуются «очень высоким» уровнем загрязнения, а в слое 2,0-3,0 м – «средним» уровнем загрязнения 03
выбросов загрязняющих веществ в атмосферу относятся: • – использование природных, экологически безопасных материалов • – использование герметически закрытого технологического оборудования, исключающего выбросы загрязняющих веществ в воздух рабочей зоны
University of Civil Engineering, 26, Yaroslavskoe Av., Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation, 2 Saratov State Technical University named after Yu.A. Gagarin, 77 Politechnicheskaya str., Saratov, 410054, Volga Federal District, Saratov region. E-mail: [email protected] 05 «Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development » AGRITECH-XI 2024 XI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2024
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