Infrastructure as Code @ WDI 2019

Terraform enables you to safely and predictably create, change, and improve production infrastructure. It is an open source tool that codifies APIs into declarative configuration files that can be shared amongst team members, treated as code, edited, reviewed, and versioned. Terraform has emerged as a key player in the DevOps world for defining, launching, and managing infrastructure as code (IAC) across a variety of cloud and virtualization platforms, including AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure. In this talk, I'll show you how to get up and running with Terraform using IaaS (e.g. AWS, DigitalOcean) or SaaS providers (e.g. CloudFlare, GitHub).

Transcript

1. Infrastructure as Code Sebastian Grodzicki @ WDI 2019 @sebgrodzicki
2. $ whoami Sebastian Grodzicki
 • CTO at SHOWROOM • ex-CTO at GoldenLine • DevOps enthusiast @sebgrodzicki
3. module "stack" {
 source = "github.com/segmentio/stack"
 environment = "demo"
 key_name = "sgrodzicki"
 name = "WDI"
 }
 main.tf
8. How did we get here?
9. Data center evolution DC
10. Data center evolution DC
11. Data center evolution DC
12. Data center evolution DC VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM
13. Data center evolution DC VM C C C C C C VM C C C C C C VM C C C C C C VM C C C C C C VM C C C C C C VM C C C C C C VM C C C C C C VM C C C C C C VM C C C C C C VM C C C C C C VM C C C C C C VM C C C C C C
14. Data center evolution 
 DNS 
 CDN
15. Data center evolution PaaS IaaS SaaS
16. Data center evolution ACQUIRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DESTROY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROVISION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UPDATE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

17. Data center evolution ACQUIRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DESTROY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROVISION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UPDATE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 VENDOR
18. Data center evolution ACQUIRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DESTROY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROVISION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UPDATE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 VENDOR DC OPS
19. Data center evolution ACQUIRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DESTROY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROVISION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UPDATE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 VENDOR SYSADMIN DC OPS
20. Data center evolution ACQUIRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DESTROY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROVISION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UPDATE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 VENDOR DC OPS SYSADMIN DC OPS
21. Data center evolution ACQUIRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DESTROY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROVISION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UPDATE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 VENDOR DC OPS SYSADMIN DC OPS WEEKS
22. Data center evolution ACQUIRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DESTROY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROVISION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UPDATE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 VENDOR DC OPS SYSADMIN DC OPS WEEKS DAYS
23. Data center evolution ACQUIRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DESTROY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROVISION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UPDATE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 VENDOR DC OPS SYSADMIN DC OPS WEEKS DAYS DAYS
24. Data center evolution ACQUIRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DESTROY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROVISION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UPDATE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 VENDOR DC OPS SYSADMIN DC OPS WEEKS DAYS DAYS DAYS
25. Cloud computing
26. Cloud computing ACQUIRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DESTROY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PROVISION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UPDATE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SECONDS SECONDS SECONDS SECONDS
27. How do I provision resources?
28. How do I manage resource lifecycles?
29. How do I balance service providers providing core technology for my datacenter?
30. How do I enforce policy across all these resources?
31. How do I automate and share those configurations?
33. TERRAFORM'S GOAL Provide a single workflow…
34. TERRAFORM'S GOAL …with a unified view…
35. TERRAFORM'S GOAL …using Infrastructure as Code…
36. TERRAFORM'S GOAL …that can be iterated
 and changed safely…
37. TERRAFORM'S GOAL …capable of complex
 N-tier applications.
38. resource "digitalocean_droplet" "demo" {
 image = "ubuntu-18-10-x64"
 name = "WDI"
 region = "fra1"
 size = "s-1vcpu-1gb"
 }
 
 resource "cloudflare_record" "demo" {
 domain = "grodzicki.pl"
 name = "wdi"
 type = "A"
 value = "${digitalocean_droplet.demo.ipv4_address}"
 } main.tf
39. $ terraform init
 
 Initializing provider plugins...
 - Checking for available provider plugins on https:// releases.hashicorp.com...
 - Downloading plugin for provider "cloudflare" (1.12.0)...
 - Downloading plugin for provider "digitalocean" (1.1.0)...
 
 Terraform has been successfully initialized! Terminal
40. $ terraform plan
 
 Terraform will perform the following actions:
 
 + cloudflare_record.demo
 id: <computed>
 created_on: <computed>
 domain: "grodzicki.pl"
 hostname: <computed>
 metadata.%: <computed>
 modified_on: <computed>
 name: "wdi"
 proxiable: <computed>
 proxied: "false"
 ttl: <computed>
 type: "A"
 value: "${digitalocean_droplet.demo.ipv4_address}"
 zone_id: <computed>
 
 + digitalocean_droplet.demo
 id: <computed>
 backups: "false"
 disk: <computed>
 image: "ubuntu-18-10-x64"
 ipv4_address: <computed>
 ipv4_address_private: <computed>
 ipv6: "false"
 ipv6_address: <computed>
 ipv6_address_private: <computed>
 locked: <computed>
 memory: <computed>
 monitoring: "false"
 name: "WDI"
 price_hourly: <computed>
 price_monthly: <computed>
 private_networking: "false"
 region: "fra1"
 resize_disk: "true"
 size: "s-1vcpu-1gb"
 status: <computed>
 vcpus: <computed>
 volume_ids.#: <computed>
 
 Plan: 2 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy. Terminal
41. $ terraform apply
 
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Creating...
 backups: "" => "false"
 disk: "" => "<computed>"
 image: "" => "ubuntu-18-10-x64"
 ipv4_address: "" => "<computed>"
 ipv4_address_private: "" => "<computed>"
 ipv6: "" => "false"
 ipv6_address: "" => "<computed>"
 ipv6_address_private: "" => "<computed>"
 locked: "" => "<computed>"
 memory: "" => "<computed>"
 monitoring: "" => "false"
 name: "" => "WDI"
 price_hourly: "" => "<computed>"
 price_monthly: "" => "<computed>"
 private_networking: "" => "false"
 region: "" => "fra1"
 resize_disk: "" => "true"
 size: "" => "s-1vcpu-1gb"
 status: "" => "<computed>"
 vcpus: "" => "<computed>"
 volume_ids.#: "" => "<computed>"
 
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Creation complete after 36s (ID: 137339900)
 
 cloudflare_record.demo: Creating...
 created_on: "" => "<computed>"
 domain: "" => "grodzicki.pl"
 hostname: "" => "<computed>"
 metadata.%: "" => "<computed>"
 modified_on: "" => "<computed>"
 name: "" => "wdi"
 proxiable: "" => "<computed>"
 proxied: "" => "false"
 ttl: "" => "<computed>"
 type: "" => "A"
 value: "" => "134.209.240.227"
 zone_id: "" => "<computed>"
 
 cloudflare_record.demo: Creation complete after 2s (ID: 02e2198170dba247e7177e7b59a3aa16)
 
 Apply complete! Resources: 2 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed. Terminal
42. $ terraform destroy
 
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Refreshing state... (ID: 137339900)
 cloudflare_record.demo: Refreshing state... (ID: 02e2198170dba247e7177e7b59a3aa16)
 
 cloudflare_record.demo: Destroying... (ID: 02e2198170dba247e7177e7b59a3aa16)
 cloudflare_record.demo: Destruction complete after 1s
 
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Destroying... (ID: 137339900)
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Still destroying... (ID: 137339900, 10s elapsed)
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Destruction complete after 12s
 
 Destroy complete! Resources: 2 destroyed. Terminal
43. resource "digitalocean_droplet" "demo" {
 image = "ubuntu-18-10-x64"
 name = "WDI"
 region = "fra1"
 - size = "s-1vcpu-1gb"
 + size = "s-1vcpu-2gb"
 }
 
 resource "cloudflare_record" "demo" {
 domain = "grodzicki.pl"
 name = "wdi"
 type = "A"
 value = "${digitalocean_droplet.demo.ipv4_address}"
 } main.tf
44. $ terraform plan
 
 Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
 ~ update in-place
 
 Terraform will perform the following actions:
 
 ~ digitalocean_droplet.demo
 size: "s-1vcpu-1gb" => "s-1vcpu-2gb"
 
 Plan: 0 to add, 1 to change, 0 to destroy. Terminal
45. $ terraform apply
 
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Refreshing state... (ID: 137341062)
 cloudflare_record.demo: Refreshing state... (ID: d1ad18b09494e7c865620379ba84fb11)
 
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Modifying... (ID: 137341062)
 size: "s-1vcpu-1gb" => "s-1vcpu-2gb"
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Modifications complete after 1m9s (ID: 137341062)
 
 Apply complete! Resources: 0 added, 1 changed, 0 destroyed. Terminal
46. resource "digitalocean_droplet" "demo" {
 - image = "ubuntu-18-10-x64"
 + image = "debian-9-x64"
 name = "WDI"
 region = "fra1"
 size = "s-1vcpu-2gb"
 }
 
 resource "cloudflare_record" "demo" {
 domain = "grodzicki.pl"
 name = "wdi"
 type = "A"
 value = "${digitalocean_droplet.demo.ipv4_address}"
 } main.tf
47. $ terraform plan
 
 Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
 ~ update in-place
 -/+ destroy and then create replacement
 
 Terraform will perform the following actions:
 
 ~ cloudflare_record.demo
 value: "134.209.226.251" => "${digitalocean_droplet.demo.ipv4_address}"
 
 -/+ digitalocean_droplet.demo (new resource required)
 id: "137341968" => <computed> (forces new resource)
 backups: "false" => "false"
 disk: "50" => <computed>
 image: "ubuntu-18-10-x64" => "debian-9-x64" (forces new resource)
 ipv4_address: "134.209.226.251" => <computed>
 ipv4_address_private: "" => <computed>
 ipv6: "false" => "false"
 ipv6_address: "" => <computed>
 ipv6_address_private: "" => <computed>
 locked: "false" => <computed>
 memory: "2048" => <computed>
 monitoring: "false" => "false"
 name: "WDI" => "WDI"
 price_hourly: "0.01488" => <computed>
 price_monthly: "10" => <computed>
 private_networking: "false" => "false"
 region: "fra1" => "fra1"
 resize_disk: "true" => "true"
 size: "s-1vcpu-2gb" => "s-1vcpu-2gb"
 status: "active" => <computed>
 vcpus: "1" => <computed>
 volume_ids.#: "0" => <computed>
 
 Plan: 1 to add, 1 to change, 1 to destroy. Terminal
48. $ terraform apply
 
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Destroying... (ID: 137341968)
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Destruction complete after 12s
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Creating...
 backups: "" => "false"
 disk: "" => "<computed>"
 image: "" => "debian-9-x64"
 ipv4_address: "" => "<computed>"
 ipv4_address_private: "" => "<computed>"
 ipv6: "" => "false"
 ipv6_address: "" => "<computed>"
 ipv6_address_private: "" => "<computed>"
 locked: "" => "<computed>"
 memory: "" => "<computed>"
 monitoring: "" => "false"
 name: "" => "WDI"
 price_hourly: "" => "<computed>"
 price_monthly: "" => "<computed>"
 private_networking: "" => "false"
 region: "" => "fra1"
 resize_disk: "" => "true"
 size: "" => "s-1vcpu-2gb"
 status: "" => "<computed>"
 vcpus: "" => "<computed>"
 volume_ids.#: "" => "<computed>"
 digitalocean_droplet.demo: Creation complete after 35s (ID: 137342688)
 
 cloudflare_record.demo: Modifying... (ID: b99a42e66c68a8a5a0a19f1a27821a80)
 value: "134.209.226.251" => "46.101.143.241"
 cloudflare_record.demo: Modifications complete after 1s (ID: b99a42e66c68a8a5a0a19f1a27821a80)
 
 Apply complete! Resources: 1 added, 1 changed, 1 destroyed. Terminal
49. Human-friendly configuration JSON-compatible for non-humans
50. VCS-friendly format
51. Entire infrastructure as code
52. 100+ providers AWS Bitbucket Chef Cloudflare Consul Datadog DigitalOcean DNSimple Docker Dyn Fastly GitHub Google Cloud Grafana Heroku Kubernetes Logentries MySQL New Relic Nomad NS1 OpenStack OVH Rancher Scaleway SoftLayer VMware
53. resource "github_team" "wdi" {
 name = "WDI"
 }
 
 resource "github_team_membership" "sebastian" {
 team_id = "${github_team.wdi.id}"
 username = "sgrodzicki"
 } main.tf
54. $ terraform plan
 
 Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
 + create
 
 Terraform will perform the following actions:
 
 + github_team.wdi
 id: <computed>
 etag: <computed>
 name: "WDI"
 privacy: "secret"
 slug: <computed>
 
 + github_team_membership.sebastian
 id: <computed>
 etag: <computed>
 role: "member"
 team_id: "${github_team.wdi.id}"
 username: "sgrodzicki"
 
 Plan: 2 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy. Terminal
55. $ terraform apply
 
 github_team.wdi: Creating...
 etag: "" => "<computed>"
 name: "" => "WDI"
 privacy: "" => "secret"
 slug: "" => "<computed>"
 github_team.wdi: Creation complete after 2s (ID: 3174820)
 
 github_team_membership.sebastian: Creating...
 etag: "" => "<computed>"
 role: "" => "member"
 team_id: "" => "3174820"
 username: "" => "sgrodzicki"
 github_team_membership.sebastian: Creation complete after 2s (ID: 3174820:sgrodzicki)
 
 Apply complete! Resources: 2 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed. Terminal
56. resource "github_repository" "wdi" {
 name = "wdi"
 description = "WDI 2019"
 } main.tf
57. $ terraform plan
 
 Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
 + create
 
 Terraform will perform the following actions:
 
 + github_repository.wdi
 id: <computed>
 allow_merge_commit: "true"
 allow_rebase_merge: "true"
 allow_squash_merge: "true"
 archived: "false"
 default_branch: <computed>
 description: "WDI 2019"
 etag: <computed>
 full_name: <computed>
 git_clone_url: <computed>
 html_url: <computed>
 http_clone_url: <computed>
 name: "wdi"
 ssh_clone_url: <computed>
 svn_url: <computed>
 
 Plan: 1 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy. Terminal
58. $ terraform apply
 
 github_repository.wdi: Creating...
 allow_merge_commit: "" => "true"
 allow_rebase_merge: "" => "true"
 allow_squash_merge: "" => "true"
 archived: "" => "false"
 default_branch: "" => "<computed>"
 description: "" => "WDI 2019"
 etag: "" => "<computed>"
 full_name: "" => "<computed>"
 git_clone_url: "" => "<computed>"
 html_url: "" => "<computed>"
 http_clone_url: "" => "<computed>"
 name: "" => "wdi"
 ssh_clone_url: "" => "<computed>"
 svn_url: "" => "<computed>"
 
 github_repository.wdi: Creation complete after 3s (ID: wdi)
 
 Apply complete! Resources: 1 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed. Terminal
59. Demo
61. $ terraform console Interactive console
 for Terraform interpolations
62. $ terraform fmt Rewrites config files
 to canonical format
63. $ terraform graph Create a visual graph
 of Terraform resources
64. $ terraform graph cloudflare_record.demo digitalocean_droplet.demo provider.cloudflare provider.digitalocean [root] meta.count-boundary (count boundary fixup) [root] provider.cloudflare (close) [root] provider.digitalocean (close) [root] root
65. $ terraform import Import existing infrastructure
 into Terraform
66. $ terraform output Read an output from a state file
67. $ terraform state list (List resources in the state) mv (Move an item in the state) pull (Pull current state and output to stdout) push (Update remote state from a local state file) rm (Remove an item from the state) show (Show a resource in the state)
68. module "stack" {
 source = "github.com/segmentio/stack"
 environment = "demo"
 key_name = "sgrodzicki"
 name = "WDI"
 }
 main.tf
69. Terraform Website
70. Terraform Documentation
71. Terraform Module Registry
72. Questions?
73. THANK YOU!