Upgrade to PRO for Only $50/Year—Limited-Time Offer! 🔥
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
医療 × AI, 量子コンピュータ, ブロックチェーン, ロボット, AR, VR, CRIS...
Search
Sho Okiyama
June 15, 2017
Technology
14
14k
医療 × AI, 量子コンピュータ, ブロックチェーン, ロボット, AR, VR, CRISPR, BCI / Medicine and AI, QC, BC and more
医療 × AI, 量子コンピュータ, ブロックチェーン, and more…
for more info:
http://okiyamasho.com
Sho Okiyama
June 15, 2017
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Sho Okiyama
See All by Sho Okiyama
ChatGPTと医療の現在地 (ver.August-31, 2023)
shookiyama
6
8.9k
なぜこの宇宙は11次元なのか
shookiyama
0
110
エクスポネンシャル・テクノロジーと未来 / exponential technologies and the future
shookiyama
1
11k
イメージで理解する人工知能 〜入門編〜 / understanding AI from scratch
shookiyama
0
9.7k
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
エンジニアとPMのドメイン知識の溝をなくす、 AIネイティブな開発プロセス
applism118
4
1.2k
Edge AI Performance on Zephyr Pico vs. Pico 2
iotengineer22
0
130
[デモです] NotebookLM で作ったスライドの例
kongmingstrap
0
140
Ruby で作る大規模イベントネットワーク構築・運用支援システム TTDB
taketo1113
1
260
Playwright x GitHub Actionsで実現する「レビューしやすい」E2Eテストレポート
kinosuke01
0
550
AI時代の開発フローとともに気を付けたいこと
kkamegawa
0
2.9k
ガバメントクラウド利用システムのライフサイクルについて
techniczna
0
190
第4回 「メタデータ通り」 リアル開催
datayokocho
0
120
Lessons from Migrating to OpenSearch: Shard Design, Log Ingestion, and UI Decisions
sansantech
PRO
1
120
会社紹介資料 / Sansan Company Profile
sansan33
PRO
11
390k
ログ管理の新たな可能性?CloudWatchの新機能をご紹介
ikumi_ono
1
640
5分で知るMicrosoft Ignite
taiponrock
PRO
0
330
Featured
See All Featured
The Web Performance Landscape in 2024 [PerfNow 2024]
tammyeverts
12
970
Exploring the Power of Turbo Streams & Action Cable | RailsConf2023
kevinliebholz
36
6.2k
Cheating the UX When There Is Nothing More to Optimize - PixelPioneers
stephaniewalter
285
14k
Imperfection Machines: The Place of Print at Facebook
scottboms
269
13k
Practical Orchestrator
shlominoach
190
11k
Connecting the Dots Between Site Speed, User Experience & Your Business [WebExpo 2025]
tammyeverts
10
720
Designing for Performance
lara
610
69k
Performance Is Good for Brains [We Love Speed 2024]
tammyeverts
12
1.3k
Refactoring Trust on Your Teams (GOTO; Chicago 2020)
rmw
35
3.3k
Designing Dashboards & Data Visualisations in Web Apps
destraynor
231
54k
Improving Core Web Vitals using Speculation Rules API
sergeychernyshev
21
1.3k
Principles of Awesome APIs and How to Build Them.
keavy
127
17k
Transcript
ҩྍ ʷ AI, ྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλ, ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ, and more… 2017.06.15 ܦςΫϊϩδʔNEXT 2017
ԭࢁ ᠳ
“21ੈلͷऴΘΓ·ͰʹશͯͷපؾΛ ࣏ྍ͠ɺ༧͠ɺ͋ΒΏΔපؾʹ ରԠͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͍ͨ͠” –– ϚʔΫɾβοΧʔόʔά CC-BY SA, Alessio Jacona, flickr
“2030ɺ͋Δ͍͘ͱ 2030ͷऴΘΓ·Ͱʹɺ ਓྨશͯͷපؾΛ Γӽ͑ΒΕΔͩΖ͏” –– ϨΠɾΧʔπϫΠϧ TED, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVXQUItNEDQ
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ༧ఆ ࣮ࡍ ςΫϊϩδʔͷਐาࢦؔత ώτήϊϜܭը
ਐḿ ʢ60ԯUSD/15ϲʣ 1997 ήϊϜͷղಡୡ1% ଟ͕͘ܭըதࢭΛओு ͔͠͠ʮ 1% ऴΘͬͨͷͳΒɺ͏ऴΘͬͨʹ͍͠ʯ 1%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ༧ఆ ࣮ࡍ ςΫϊϩδʔͷਐาࢦؔత ώτήϊϜܭը
ਐḿ ʢ60ԯUSD/15ϲʣ
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ༧ఆ ࣮ࡍ ςΫϊϩδʔͷਐาࢦؔత ώτήϊϜܭը
ਐḿ ʢ60ԯUSD/15ϲʣ ʮ୭ࣗ͠ͷ૾ྗͷݶք͕ɺੈքͷݶքͩͱޡղ͢Δʯ ʢγϣʔϖϯϋΞʔʣ
ਓೳ (AI)
ͳ͍ͥ·AIͳͷ͔ ΫϥυԽʹΑΔେྔͷσʔλ େྔͷσʔλ GPUʹΑΔฒྻॲཧɺܭࢉͷ্ ϋʔυΣΞͷਐԽ PepperɺΞϧϑΝޟ ੈ͔ؒΒͷظײ Ωϟονʔͳࣄྫ
AIͷϨΠϠʔ ਓೳͱݺΕͳ͘ͳͬͨͷ ਓೳ ػցֶश σΟʔϓϥʔχϯά ϧʔϧϕʔευ l AlphaGo l ը૾ೝࣝ
l AI in the 1980’s l ࣗಈυΞ l ϧϯό l ʮAͳΒBʯ l MS OfficeͷΠϧΧ ൚༻ਓೳʁ ݱঢ়ͷ Ԇઢ্ʹͳ͍
σΟʔϓϥʔχϯά ͜Ε·Ͱ ཱ͕ࣖͬͯͯ… ͕2ͭ͋ͬͯ… ඓࡾ֯Ͱ… ͦͷԼʹޱ͕… ͯ͢ਓ͕ڭ͍͑ͯͨ - ώή͋Δͷʁͳ͍ͷʁ -
ޱԿݸʁ - ͋Εʁ͜Εʁ ԿΛͲ͜·Ͱڭ͑Δ͖͔ෆ໌ ݱࡏ ػց͕উखʹڞ௨Λֶश - ࣅͨࣸਅ͝ͱʹ͚ͱ͍ͯʂ - ͋ɺ͜ͷࢁ͕ʮωίʯͶɻ αϯϓϧ͕૿͑Εݸମࠩٵऩɺ ฏۉ͢ΔͱʮೣΒ͠͞ʯ͕Δ
ʦᗡྨʧ τΧήͱͶɺϫχͱ ΧϝͱΠϞϦͱ… αϯϓϧ͑͞༩͑Εɺ ʮᗡྨͱ͍͏֓೦ʯͷநग़ AIͤͰOK ʮಛྔʯͱ ʦԁʧ ͋Δ͔Βͷڑ͕ ͍͠ͷू߹
ఆٛͰ͖Δͷѻ͑Δ ͜Ε·Ͱ σΟʔϓϥʔχϯά ʦᗡྨʧ ͑ʔɺมԹಈͰ ͕4ຊ͋ͬͯ… ੑ࣭ྻڍͷΈͰѻ͑ͳ͍ ఆٛͮ͠Β͍நతͳ֓೦ ੑ࣭ͷ··ʢ=ಛྔʣѻ͑Δ
ಛྔͷԋࢉ ֆͷ୯७ͳ߹Ͱͳ͘ɺ “ΰοϗΒ͠͞” ͱ͍͏ ಛྔͷऔΓѻ͍͕Մೳʹ + https://deepart.io/ ݩֆ ը෩
ҩྍ ʷ AI ELIZA (1966) MYCIN (1975) ͲͪΒʮύοͱݟʯ͍͕͢͝ɺ ҩྍݱʹೖΓࠐΊͳ͍··AIౙͷ࣌… ײછͷ࣏ྍํΛఏࣔɻҰൠՊҩΛ্ճΔਖ਼֬ੑ
ʢϧʔϧϕʔευͳٛͷ ”AI” ʣ ΧϯηϦϯάࣜͷରܕϓϩάϥϜ ʢੈքॳͷνϟοτϘοτʣ
ҩྍ ʷ AI ELIZA (1966) MYCIN (1975) ͲͪΒʮύοͱݟʯ͍͕͢͝ɺ ҩྍݱʹೖΓࠐΊͳ͍··AIౙͷ࣌… ײછͷ࣏ྍํΛఏࣔɻҰൠՊҩΛ্ճΔਖ਼֬ੑ
ʢϧʔϧϕʔευͳٛͷ ”AI” ʣ ΧϯηϦϯάࣜͷରܕϓϩάϥϜ ʢੈքॳͷνϟοτϘοτʣ Siri (2011) Watson (2011) ͦͯ͠σΟʔϓϥʔχϯάͷ࣌
- ݟಀ͠ɿ0%ʢਓؒ7%ʣ - ޡɿ30%ݮʢਓؒൺʣ - ॲཧɿ5ສഒʢਓؒൺʣ ΦʔετϥϦΞͰ࣮ূ࣮ݧதʢ40ҩྍػؔʣ ϨϯτήϯCTͷը૾அ ਓؒʹΑΔݟಀ͠ޡஅݱঢ় 3ສ݅/dayʢถࠃʣ
ʮAI͕ݟಀͨ͠ΒͲ͏͢Δͷʁʯ enlitic http://www.enlitic.com/
Atomwise - ಛఆͷλϯύΫ࣭ʹ࡞༻͍͢͠ࢠߏΛ εΫϦʔχϯά - ඞཁظؒΛඦͷҰʹॖ - ΤϘϥΠϧεͷ࣏ྍༀީิΛൃݟ ৽ༀ୳ࡧΛޮԽ ೳಈతͳࢠݕࡧ͕ʑՃ
ༀྖҬͷϒϨΠΫεϧʔ http://www.atomwise.com/
ͦͷଞ ͷऔΓΈ Google “Project Baseline” DeepMind Health + NHS Stanfordେ
ൽෘ͕Μͷը૾அ GoogleࡿԼDeepMind + ӳࠃࠃຽอݥαʔϏε ؟Պ࣬ױʢஅ+࣏ྍʣ͔Βணख ରऀ1ສਓɺ1ԯυϧ/4ؒͷϓϩδΣΫτ ήϊϜɺ݂ӷɺɺଣӷɺྦӷ etc. ݱ൛ϑϥϛϯΨϜݚڀ ൽෘՊઐҩΛ্ճΔ ਓ͕ؒண͠ͳ͍ɺ͕Μࡉ๔पғͷࡉ๔ͷ༷ࢠ͔Βஅ
σΟʔϓϥʔχϯάͷ՝ 1 Πν͔Βֶश͢Δʹେྔͷదͳαϯϓϧ͕ඞཁ σʔλͷ࣭ͱྔ AI͕ೝࣝͨ͠ʮμϯϕϧʯ https://research.googleblog.com/2015/06/inceptionism-going-deeper-into-neural.html
σΟʔϓϥʔχϯάͷ՝ 2 ͲΕωίͳͷʹɾɾɾ ֶशσʔλ֎ͷԠ༻͕ར͔ͳ͍
σΟʔϓϥʔχϯάͷ՝ 3 AIͷཧղ͕ਓؒʹײతͰͳ͍ɻ ࠜڌෆ໌ͷϒϥοΫϘοΫε ײͷҼղ ʢਓؒྲྀʣ ߹ཧత͕ͩɺ”X” ʹ૬͢Δײ ਓؒʹΠϝʔδͮ͠Β͍ ײ
ت ײ ”X” ײͷҼղ ʢAIྲྀʣ ʮ4छྨෆཁͰʁʯ ʮتͱָॏෳ͍ͯ͠·͢ʯ ʮѩ = ϚΠφε تʯ ت ָ ౖ ѩ ײ
՝͋ΕͲʑղܾ ػցֶशɺΑΓਓؒΒ͘͠ ಄ͷதΛը૾Ͱදݱ - GAN (Generative Adversarial Network)ɿ ֶश༰Λը૾Խͯ͠ग़ྗɻਓؒʹͱͬͯײతͰɺ ·ͨग़ྗը૾ΛֶͬͨࣗࣗशՄೳ
- సҠֶशɿΞϝϑτͰֶΜͩܦݧ͕ϥάϏʔʹ׆͔ͤΔ - one-shot/zero-shot learningɿॳΊͯϖϦΧϯΛݟͯɺ ͦΕ͕ௗͷҰछͩͱ͔Δ
ҩྍʹ͓͚ΔAIͷՄೳੑ 1 1ର1ͷؔ ʮif ڳ͕௧͍ then ৺ଁපͩʯ Nର1 ͷஅ 2ର1ͷؔ
ʮif ͕ߴ͍ΘΓʹ຺͕ૣ͘ͳͬͯͳ͍ then ϨδΦωϥײછͩʯ → ΄΅ਓؒͷݶք Nର1ͷؔ ʮif ߴྸͰOܕRh+ͷΘΓʹ݂͕͋Δ͕֏ͳ͍ then …ʯ → ม͕ଟ͗ͯ͢ਓؒʹॲཧෆೳ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔
ҩྍʹ͓͚ΔAIͷՄೳੑ 2 ใࠂ͔Βྟচͷ͕࣌ؒࠩθϩʹ ױऀͷಛϕΫτϧݕࡧ + จཏ + ࣗಈ༁ ඇӳޠݍͷҩֶࢽ͔ΒྨࣅྫΛݟ͚ͭग़͢ CC-BY
SA, Crates, Wikimedia Commons
ͦͷଞ ੑͷߴ͍ྖҬ ҩࢣΞϥʔτ ݕ࣏ࠪྍͷൈ͚࿙ΕɺༀࡎҿΈ߹ΘͤνΣοΫɺetc. පؾͷൃεΫϦʔχϯά ΣΞϥϒϧ͔Β৺ͷҟৗݕɻѱԽલͷडఏҊ ೖӃۀޮԽ ױऀݕࠪͷॱ൪ɺࣄނͷະવࢭɺೖӃ෦ͷޮՌతׂৼ ը૾அɺༀ ઌड़ࣄྫհͷ௨ΓɺAIΞϧΰϦζϜͱ૬ੑΑ͍
ϩϘοτ
ϩϘοτͷͨΒ͢Ձ ࣗಈԽ ӡಈɾײ֮ೳྗͷ֦ு - ޮԽͱ࠶ݱੑ্ - ਓؒ༗ࣄͷରԠʹ - ਫ਼ͱࣗ༝ͷߴ͍ಈ͖ -
ޒײͷೳྗ૿ڧ - ൪Ҏ߱ͷײ֮֫ಘ
- ମྗ૿ڧɿ࠲ͬͯखज़Ͱ͖Δ + ΞʔϜϨετ - ࢹྗ૿ڧɿ3Dࢹڸ + ζʔϜࢹ 15ഒ -
ख͕3ຊʹɿ3ຊͷΞʔϜΛ1ਓͰૢΕΔ - ؔઅػೳ૿ڧɿؔઅՄಈҬ360 - ਆܦɺ ےػೳ૿ڧɿࣗಈखͿΕิਖ਼ - খػೳ૿ڧɿϞʔγϣϯεέʔϧʢ1:5ʣ μɾϰΟϯν Intuitive Surgical https://www.intuitivesurgical.com/ ಓ۩Λ͑ͨɺਓؒͷೳྗ૿ڧσόΠε
- Johns Hopkinsେͱڞಉ։ൃ - 2016 ಲͷΛࣗಈ๓߹ ਓؒΑΓਖ਼֬ - ࢹ֮ɿ֎ઢ +
ۭؒߏͷѲ - ৮֮ɿͷײ৮ɺ๓߹ࢳͷక·Γ۩߹ - ๓߹Ͱେͳ͜ͱɿ ѱ͍ͻͱΛݮΒ͢ ʼ ྑ͍ͻͱΛ૿͢ STAR (Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot) Intuitive Surgicalʢঝલʣ https://www.intuitivesurgical.com/
ͦͷଞ ͷऔΓΈ Verb Surgical Virtual Incision खͷͻΒαΠζͷμɾϰΟϯνܕϩϘοτ ෲ෦ʹ։͚͔ͨ݀Βૠೖ͠ɺମ͔Βखज़Λߦ͏ Googleͱ JˍJ
͕ࣾڞಉͰઃཱɺखज़ΞγετϩϘοτ τοϓ5%֎Պҩͷٕज़Λ୭Ͱ࠶ݱՄೳʹ
ҩྍʹ͓͚ΔϩϘοτͷՄೳੑ - ҩྍऀଆ ਓతϦιʔεͷସ ઐٕज़ͷίϞσΟςΟԽʢӡಈೳྗ֦ுʣ ࢦઌ͑ͣɺ๓߹ۉҰͰɺ ࢹڸนʹͨΒͣɺࢭ݂࣮֬ʹ ࠾݂ɺణɺ ؆қखज़ͷࣗಈԽʢϨʔγοΫɺൽෘजᙾআڈʣ ࣄલใྔͷ૿Ճʢ֮ೳྗ֦ுʣ
ηϯαʔVR, ARٕज़ͱͷ౷߹Ͱखज़෦ҐͷԹɺ ࣓ྗɺ࣭ͷ࣭ײີ͕ʮݟ͑ΔʯΑ͏ʹ
ҩྍʹ͓͚ΔϩϘοτͷՄೳੑ - ױऀଆ ϦϋϏϦςʔγϣϯ ϩϘοτίϯύχΦϯ PepperϖοτܕϩϘοτ ࣾձతݽཱ৺ͷ݈߁ͱ૬ؔɻ ϞχλϦϯάɺίϛϡχέʔγϣϯσόΠεΛ݉ͶΔ ϦϋϏϦͷ্࣭ɺԼͨ͠ӡಈػೳͷସ
VR, AR
VR, ARͱ ݱ࣮ੈք Ծݱ࣮ ʢVirtual Realityʣ ֦ுݱ࣮ ʢAugmented Realityʣ VRɿ100%
ԾۭؒɻͦͷͰ͏ͷ͕લఏ ARɿݱ࣮ۭؒݟ͑Δɻಈ͖ͳ͕ΒମݧՄೳ
MRͱ MR (mixed reality) ݱ࣮ͷ֦ுͱ͍͏ཱͷ AR ʹରͯ͠ɺ ݱ࣮ɺԾੈքͷڥքͷͳ͞Λڧௐͨ͠ͷ͕ MRɻ Έಉ͡ɺੈք؍ͷҧ͍
ʢຊࢿྉͰ “AR” ʹ౷Ұʣ
େऺ͚ϞσϧήʔϜ͔Β ఱಊɺ1995 όʔνϟϧϘʔΠ (VR) ϙέϞϯGO (AR) NianticʢGoogleΑΓಠཱʣ 2015
2016/4~ɿϧʔϜεέʔϧػೳͰ෦ΛVRۭؒʹ දతͳVRϋʔυ Oculus Rift HTC Vive PlayStation VR Google Cardboard
2014/6~ɿຊମεϚϗΛར༻ 2016/10~ɿຊޠɺՁ֨ɺPS4Ͱ࡞ಈ 2016/3~ɿFacebookʹΑΔങऩ (2014, $2B)
දతͳARϋʔυ Google Glass 2013/2~2015/1ɿ ϓϥΠόγʔݒ೦͔ΒҰൠൢചதࢭʹ Microsoft HoloLens 2016/3~ɿ։ൃऀ͚ϞσϧͷΈൢച Magic Leapʢະൃച
ະެදʣ ϓϩμΫτશൿಗͷ··اۀՁ $4.5B
ARͷ֩ͱͳΔٕज़ μϒϧΧϝϥʢԞߦ͖ೝࣝʣɺGPSɺ࣓ؾηϯαʔɺ ՃηϯαʔɺδϟΠϩηϯαʔ ݱ࣮ۭؒͷѲ AR vs ϦΞϧσʔλͷಉҰ࠲ඪॲཧ ϢʔβʔߦಈʹΑΔΠϯϓοτ ࢹઢํ͕มΘͬͯɺ ARσʔλݱ্࣮ۭؒͰͦͷ··
Ϣʔβ͕ͱͬͨߦಈΛೝࣝ͠ɺ ARۭؒʹϑΟʔυόοΫө
CT, MRIը૾ΛݩʹױऀͷମΛVRͰ࠶ߏ खज़ͷγϛϡϨʔγϣϯɺҩֶੜͷڭҭʹ׆༻ Surgical Navigation Advanced Platform Surgical Theater http://www.surgicaltheater.net/
Surgical Theater, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DnEadLgWCE
VRΛ༻͍ͨखज़γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ ज़ऀʹ৮֮ϑΟʔυόοΫ͕ฦΔ खज़܇࿅γϛϡϨʔλʔ Immersive Touch http://immersivetouch.com/ ImmersiveTouch, https://vimeo.com/197613091
ถࠃͰ܉ਓͷPTSDൃ͕ʹ ࿐ྍ๏ͷҰछͱͯ͢͠ͰʹΤϏσϯε͋Γ Brave Mind Virtually Better http://www.virtuallybetter.com/ http://www.virtuallybetter.com/
VR, ARͷͨΒ͢Ձ ૣૹΓʹΑΔ࣌ؒॖɺ࣌ؒٯҠಈʹΑΔΓ͠ VRੑɿ࣌ؒͷૢ࡞ੑ VRੑɿۭؒͷૢ࡞ੑ ARੑɿޒײʢϞμϦςΟʣͷ֦ு ߦ͚ͳ͍ͱ͜Ζߦ͚Δɺ͙͢ʹߦ͚Δɺ ରͷ֦େ&ॖখ ηϯαʔIoTͱͷ࿈ܞͰ ݟ͑ͳ͍ͷ͕ʮݟ͑ΔʯԽ
ҩྍʹ͓͚ΔVR, ARͷՄೳੑ γϛϡϨʔγϣϯɺ܇࿅ ࢹྗ֦ு खज़ࣨͰମߏɺजᙾपғͷಈ຺ΛՄࢹԽ ࣦഊ͕ڐ͞ΕΔڥԼͷ܇࿅ ױऀͷϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯ ݴ༿Ͱͷઆ໌͔Βɺମݧ͢Δઆ໌
ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ
ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯͱ σδλϧใͷਅِΛอূ͢Δٕज़͕ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ ΠϯλʔωοτใΛѻ͏ ใίϐʔɺվ᜵Ͱ͖ͯ͠·͏ ଟ͘ͷͷ͕ใԽ͞Εɺ ίϐʔվ᜵͞ΕΔͱࠔΔͷ͔Γʹ
ΈʢϏοτίΠϯΛྫʹʣ - औҾΛ·ͱΊͯϒϩοΫͱͯ͠ѻ͏ - ϒϩοΫʹաڈͷऔҾ݁Ռ͕ه͞Ε͍ͯΔ - 10͝ͱʹܨ͕ͬͯ৳ͼ͍ͯ͘ A → B
A → B → C A → B → C → D ɾ ɾ ɾ ϒϩοΫ + νΣʔϯ = ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ
ΈʢϏοτίΠϯΛྫʹʣ A → B A → B → C A
→ B → C → D ɾ ɾ ɾ ʷ Z (10min) ෆਖ਼ॻ͖͑10Ҏʹࡁ·ͤͳ͍ͱɺ
ΈʢϏοτίΠϯΛྫʹʣ ෆਖ਼ॻ͖͑10Ҏʹࡁ·ͤͳ͍ͱɺ ϒϩοΫ͕࣍ʑͱ৳ͼͯΠλνͬ͜͝ʹ A → B A → B →
C A → B → C → D A → B → C → D → E ʷ Z
͔͠શһ͕ಉ͡νΣʔϯΛ͍ͬͯΔ ʮෆਖ਼͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍औҾهாʯ A→B ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ A→B
ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ A→B ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ A→B ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɾ
ใͷࢄཧ ͜Ε·Ͱ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ - ࠃɺاۀ͕ใΛཧ - ϢʔβʔใΛ ΘͤͯΒ͏ཱ - தԝෆࡏ
- Ϣʔβʔશһ͕ର
ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯͷͨΒ͢Ձ ใͷσδλϧԽ - ෳɺվมͷڪΕ͕ݮΓɺσδλϧԽ͕ଅਐ - ྫɿॴखଓ͖ɺূ໌ɺࢿ֨ɺܖॻ ख͞ͳ͍͕ࣾձͷΠϯϑϥͱͳΔٕज़ தԝཧऀͷෆࡏ ݖྗମ͔Βͷґଘ -
ࠃɺେاۀʹཔΒͳ͍ࣾձ ݖྗମʹཔΔϦεΫɿಠࡋԽɺτοϓͱͷڞΕ - ϦεΫྫɿ՟ฎ → ͕ΕͯϋΠύʔΠϯϑϨ - ϦεΫྫɿۚ → ཧෆඋʹΑΓೲه͕ফࣦ
ҩྍʹ͓͚ΔϒϩοΫνΣʔϯͷՄೳੑ ҩྍهͷݸਓཧ ҩༀͷτϨʔαϏϦςΟ ݙ݂ࡎɺҨࢠΈ͑ࡎ ҩྍऀͷशख़ධՁɺ࿑ཧ ୭͕Կͷखज़ΛԿ͔݅ͬͨɺ࣌ؒ֎࿑ಇ࣌ؒͷѲ ެ։ݖݶͷױऀอ༗ɺੜ֔ΞΫηεϩά
ͷऔΓΈ DeepMind Health MIT MedRec ҩྍใͷެ։ൣғΛױऀ͕ཧ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯͰใͷਖ਼ਅੑΛ୲อ ӳࠃࠃຽอݥαʔϏε (NHS) ͕ױऀσʔλΛఏڙ
ࣗͷใΛͲ͜Ͱ୭͕༻͍͔ͨɺױऀ͕ࣗ֬ೝՄೳʹ
ྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλ
ྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλͱ ʮैདྷͷίϯϐϡʔλͷ1ԯഒ͍ʯ – Google ैདྷͷίϯϐϡʔλͰ ղ͖ಘͳ͍͕ղ͚Δ ʮ21ੈلޙͰ…ʯ ۙ5Ͱେ͖ͳਐలɻݚڀ͔Β༻ԽϑΣʔζ
ίϯϐϡʔλͷछྨ ݹయత ίϯϐϡʔλ ྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλ (QC: Quantum Computer) ྔࢠήʔτࣜQC ྔࢠΞχʔϦϯάࣜQC ͦͷଞͷ
“ίϯϐϡʔλ” DNAίϯϐϡʔλ ೪ەίϯϐϡʔλ εύήςΟίϯϐϡʔλ etc. ݱࡏͷίϯϐϡʔλ σδλϧίϯϐϡʔλ Ξφϩάίϯϐϡʔλ
ྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλͷछྨ ྔࢠήʔτࣜ ྔࢠΞχʔϦϯάࣜ - ࠓͷίϯϐϡʔλͱࠜຊతʹ֓೦͕ҟͳΔɺཧγϛϡϨʔλ - ༻్ݶΒΕΔ͕͜ͷܕͷΈʹղ͚Δ͕ଘࡏʢ࠷దԽʣ - D-WaveࣾΑΓ2011ʹൃച։࢝ -
ࠓͷίϯϐϡʔλͷສഒૣ্͍Ґޓʢཧ্ʣ - ϋʔυখϏοτͷϓϩτλΠϓͷΈଘࡏ - ιϑτ·ͩ·ͩݚڀஈ֊ͰΞϧΰϦζϜछྨগͳ͍
ྔࢠͷੑ࣭ ཻࢠͰ͋ΓɺͰ͋Δ ཻࢠɿͲͪΒ͔ҰํΛ௨Δ ɿಉ࣌ʹ྆ํΛ௨Δ
ඇྔࢠͱྔࢠ 1 0 1 0 τϥϯδελʢ=εΠονʣ ྔࢠήʔτࣜ ྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλ Ұʹ 24
= 16௨ΓΛಉ࣌ॲཧ ʢNྔࢠϏοτͳΒ 2N ௨Γʣ 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 ैདྷͷίϯϐϡʔλ - 4ϏοτͰ “1101” Λද͍ͯ͠Δ - ҰʹҰ௨Γͣͭॲཧ ྔࢠͷฒߦॲཧੑ ʢ=͍ʣ Λར༻ͨ͠ͷ͕ྔࢠήʔτࣜQC
ྔࢠήʔτࣜ ྔࢠΞχʔϦϯάࣜ ͏Ұͭͷํࣜ
͍͍ͯΔ ࠷దԽ ༩͑ΒΕͨ݅ͰඪΛ࠷খԽ͢Δ ८ճηʔϧεϚϯ NΫΠʔϯ ˒ ˒ ˒ ˒ ˒
˒ ˒ ˒ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ ˔ Ұචॻ͖ͷ૯ڑΛ࠷খԽ͢Δ NʷN֨ࢠʹνΣεͷΫΠʔϯΛNݸฒɺ ܦ࿏্ͷॏෳΛ࠷খԽ͢Δʢແ͘͢ʣ
ͷΞϓϩʔνʢྔࢠΞχʔϦϯάࣜ ʣ ͖Ε͍ʹຒΊͳ͍͞ ʮ༨ന͕θϩʹۙͮ͘Α͏ɺஔΛ࠷దԽʯ ༨ന͕ଟ͍ͱෆ҆ఆʹͳΔྔࢠϞσϧΛΉ ༨ന = 4 ༨ന =
4 ༨ന = 0 ͳ͓ ճྫ ݅ ํ
ʮ༨ന͕ଟ͍ͱෆ҆ఆʹͳΔྔࢠϞσϧʯͷྫ ֤Ϛεʹʮࣗͷ্Լࠨӈͷ༨നʯΛ༩͑Δ ͦͷ૯Λ࠷খԽ͢Δ͜ͱΛߟ͑Δ 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 =25 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 =14 ్த·Ͱྑ͍͕ ख٧·Γ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 =0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 =11 ࠷దղ ʢຊ͜͏ߦ͖͍ͨʣ
ߴ͍ͱ͜Ζ͔Β͍ͱ͜Ζ ← ϒϩοΫͷஔύλʔϯ → ྔࢠ ࠷Լ͕ ༨നθϩʹ૬ A B C
D E F G H I J K L M N O P ߦ͖ࢭ·ΓͰɺ 2าԼ͕ͬͯ3าਐΉͷ͕ ैདྷ ʢඇྔࢠʣͷΓํ ଟ ༨ ന ͷ ૯ গ ࠷దղ
ྔࢠΤωϧΪʔతʹ҆ఆ͢Δঢ়ଶΛΉ ෆ ҆ ఆ Τ ω ϧ Ϊ ồ ҆
ఆ ← ϒϩοΫͷஔύλʔϯ → ʢϏοτ͕ࣔ͢ύλʔϯʣ ̍ ̍ ̍ ̍ ̍ ̍ ̍ ̌ ̍ ̍ ̌ ̍ ̍ ̍ ̌ ̌ ̍ ̌ ̍ ̍ ̍ ̌ ̍ ̌ ̍ ̌ ̌ ̍ ̍ ̌ ̌ ̌ ̌ ̍ ̍ ̍ ̌ ̍ ̍ ̌ ̌ ̍ ̌ ̍ ̌ ̍ ̌ ̌ ̌ ̌ ̍ ̍ ̌ ̌ ̍ ̌ ̌ ̌ ̌ ̍ ̌ ̌ ̌ ̌ ྔࢠ ҆ఆՕॴ͔Β ࣗવʹఆ·Γɺ ྔࢠ͕ͦΕΛݟ͚ͭΔ ଟ ༨ ന ͷ ૯ গ ྔࢠͷτϯωϧޮՌɿ ࠷దղʹࢸΔ·Ͱɺ ߦ͖ࢭ·ΓΛ͢Γൈ͚ͯ͠·͏
ͦͦ ͍Λղ͘ ͱʁ ͍Λ݅ͷܗʹॻ͖Լ͢ ΞϧΰϦζϜΛߟ͑Δ ݅ʹΞϧΰϦζϜΛద༻͢Δͱɺ ղ͕ಘΒΕΔ 1 2 3
͍ ैདྷͷΞϓϩʔν ॴ࣋ۚ800ԁͰɺ100ԁͷϦϯΰͱ50ԁͷϛΧϯΛ ߹Θͤͯ10ݸങ͍͍ͨɻͲ͏͢Δʁ “x + y = 10” Λ50ഒͯ͠ɺલऀ͔ΒҾ͘
͋ͱίϯϐϡʔλͤͰOK͕ͩɺ ΞϧΰϦζϜਓ͕ؒݟ͚ͭͳ͍ͱղ͚ͳ͍ 100x + 50y = 800ɺx + y = 10 ݅ ΞϧΰϦζϜ
͍ ྔࢠΞχʔϦϯάࣜ QC Ͱ͜͏ͳΔ ॴ࣋ۚ800ԁͰɺ100ԁͷϦϯΰͱ50ԁͷϛΧϯΛ ߹Θͤͯ10ݸങ͍͍ͨɻͲ͏͢Δʁ ʢෆཁʣ 100x + 50y
= 800ɺx + y = 10 ݅ ΞϧΰϦζϜ ຬ͖ͨ͢ʪ݅ʫ͑͞͏·͘ೖྗ͢Εɺ ͋ͱྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλ͕ࣗવʹղΛݟ͚ͭͯ͘ΕΔ
ྔࢠΞχʔϦϯάࣜ QC ͷߟ͑ํ ͜Ε·Ͱ ྔࢠΞχʔϦϯά - ΞϧΰϦζϜ - ղͷॴ͕ϐϯϙΠϯτ Ͱ͔Δʢղͷਤʣ
- ʮղ (x, y) = (6, 4) Ͱ͢ʯ ΞϧΰϦζϜʢਤʣศརɻ͔͠͠ਤ͕ͳ͍ɺ ղͷํ֯Λࢦ͢ίϯύε͕͋Ε͑ʹḷΓண͚Δ - ࣮ݧɺγϛϡϨʔγϣϯ - ݱࡏ͔Βͷղͷํ͕ ͔Δʢղͷίϯύεʣ - ʮࠓ (x, y) = (10, 12) ʹ͍Δʁ ߦ͖ա͔͗ͩΒͬͯͶʯ
ղ͚Δͷൣғ ͜ͷੈͷ͋ΒΏΔ͍ ݅Λॻ͖ԼͤΔ ΞϧΰϦζϜൃݟࡁΈͷ ΞϧΰϦζϜൃݟࡁΈ ͔ͭɺ ৗࣝత࣌ؒʹղ͖ऴΘΔ ݹయతίϯϐϡʔλͰ ࠓ·Ͱղ͚ͨ ݹయతίϯϐϡʔλͷൃలͰ
কདྷղ͚Δ͔͠Εͳ͍ ྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλͰ ղ͚Δ͔͠Εͳ͍ ݅ʹॻ͖Լͤͳ͍ ʢྫɿਓੜͷతԿ͔ʁʣ
- ॳ߸ػ2011ൃചɿ128ྔࢠϏοτ - D-Wave 2Xɿ1000ྔࢠϏοτ - 2017ɿ2000ྔࢠϏοτͷ৽४උத - Google/NASA, ϩοΩʔυϚʔςΟϯ͕ࣾߪೖ
- ҩྍͷʹݟ͑ΔԠ༻͜Ε͔Β D-Wave 2XʢྔࢠΞχʔϦϯάࣜʣ D-Wave https://www.dwavesys.com/
ͦͷଞ ͷऔΓΈ IBM Quantum Experience GoogleྔࢠਓೳݚڀॴʢQuAILʣ IARPAʢೳߴݚڀܭըہɺถʣ 2013ઃཱɻ2022·ͰʹϋΠϒϦουͷ ྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλΛ༻Խ͢Δ༧ఆ ྔࢠήʔτࣜͰ5ྔࢠϏοτɻΫϥυͰૢ࡞Մೳ
ΑΓߴػೳͷྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλ “Q” Λ४උத ྔࢠΞχʔϦϯάࣜ࡞தɻ100ྔࢠϏοτ͕ͩ Ϗοτಉ࢜ͷଓ͕ཏతͰߴੑೳ
ҩྍʹ͓͚ΔྔࢠίϯϐϡʔλͷՄೳੑ ༀྖҬ ์ࣹઢ࣏ྍͷরࣹεςϥςδʔཱҊ ࠷దԽͱͯ͠ղੳՄೳ - λϯύΫ࣭ͷߏܾఆɻޮՌతͳΞϛϊࢎͷ ંΓͨͨΈߏΛಉఆ - ಛఆͷड༰ମʹ࡞༻͢ΔࢠͷεΫϦʔχϯά ػցֶशͷՃ
AIͱͷ૬ޮՌͰը૾அɺݕࠪͷޮԽɺetc.
CRISPR
CRISPRʢΫϦεύʔʣͱ ҨࢠΛࣗࡏʹॻ͖͑Δٕज़ 1970’s Ҩࢠ 1990’s ήϊϜฤू ୈ1ੈ 2000’s ήϊϜฤू ୈ2ੈ
2012 CRISPR ੜ B.C. (Before CRISPR) ݱ
CRISPRͷΈ ݩʑࡉە͕ΛकΔ໔ӸγεςϜ ࡉە Πϧε ࡉە DNA ఢͷDNAΛه͔ͯ࣍͠Βૉૣ͘ରԠ
CRISPRͷΈ CRISPR CRISPR Cas9ʢ߬ૉʣ ࡉە͕ΠϧεΛऔΓࠐΉɺ DNAͷΧοτ&ϖʔετख๏ ͜ΕΛԠ༻ٕͨ͠ज़͕ “CRISPR-Cas9” ௨শCRISPR ҹͱͳΔҨࢠྻͷ͜ͱ
(Clustered, Regularly Interspaced, Short Palindromic Repeats)
ओͳԠ༻ྖҬ ੜ͕ؔΘΔ͕ͯ͢ରɻ͘ɺ҆͘ɺΑΓਖ਼֬ ৯ɿऩ֭ྔ૿Ճɺපݪੑɺ ্࣋ͪ ச࢈ཆ৩ɿےྔ૿ɺපݪੑ ҩྍɿༀɺҨࢠ࣬ױɺ ײછɺѱੑजᙾ
ྔతมԽ࣭తมԽΛੜΉ ྫɿ௨৴ճઢ ిใɿ1870’s ςΩετϝʔϧ Իి ΠϯλʔωοτʢςΩετɾը૾ɾԻָʣ ಈը৴ɿ1990’s ిใ ɿ ಈը৴
ʹ ࠓͷόΠΦҩༀ ɿ ʁʁʁ () (ߴ)
ɾݚڀͷͨΊͷݚڀ ͜Ε·Ͱ దͳ࣬ױϞσϧΛ ࡞Δͷʹ ʮ͜ͷϚε͕Ͱ͖Ε XXༀͷݚڀ͕Մೳʹ…ʂʯ CRISPR ελʔτϥΠϯ͕ ͔͜͜Βʹ Ϛε࡞࡞ۀ1
ݚڀޮ͕ܶతվળ ৽ༀ ΞϧπϋΠϚʔɺύʔΩϯιϯɺ ౷߹ࣦௐɺetc. ͷ࣏ྍༀʹظ..
ҩྍʹ͓͚ΔCRISPRͷՄೳੑ Ҩࢠ࣬ױ ײછ HIVʹײછ͠ͳ͍Tࡉ๔ʢന݂ٿʣΛ࡞ͬͯମɻ ߅HIVༀ͕ෆཁʹͳΔ࣏ྍޮՌ͋Γʢྟচࢼݧதʣ ҨࢠมҟΛम෮ͨ͠ࡉ๔Λମɻ ෆ͢Δ߬ૉϗϧϞϯΛੜ࢈ͯ͠පঢ়վળ ѱੑजᙾ ͕Μࡉ๔ʹແྗԽ͞Εͣɺ߅͕Μࡎ߅ੑ࣋ͭ Tࡉ๔Λ࡞ɻന݂පʹஶޮʢྟচࢼݧதʣ
BCI (Brain Computer Interface)
Brain Computer Interfaceͱ ͦͷͷΛσόΠεͱͯ͠͏ٕज़ ະདྷͷSFٕज़Ͱͳ͘ɺݱࡏਐߦܗͷςΫϊϩδʔ ͔ΒͷΞτϓοτ - 1998 αϧ͕ࢥߟͷΈͰΞʔϜΛૢ࡞ʢ1,000kmԕִʣ -
1999 ҙࢥද͕ࣔͰ͖ͳ͍ױऀ ʹΑΔจࣈձ࣮ݱ ͷΠϯϓοτ - 1961 ਓࣖͷୈҰྫ - 1968 ਓບͷୈҰྫ
σόΠεͷछྨ ২ࠐΈܕ ணܕ - ಄֖ࠎ෦ʹిۃ - ʹೖ·ͨද໘ཹஔ - ऑ͍ݕग़Մ -
खज़ෆཁͰ؆ศ - ײ͘ൃల్্ - ຖճௐ͕ඞཁ
2017্ظͷಈ͖ - ΠʔϩϯϚεΫઃ (Tesla, SpaceX) - ২ࠐΈܕBCI - ʮ݈߁ਓͷBCIΛ10Ҏ ʹ࣮ݱʯ
(2017/3) Google, Microsoft, Intelࣾʹ BCI ෦Λ༗͢Δ ΠʔϩϯϚεΫ࠷ऴతʹਓؒͱAIͷ༥߹ΛݟࠐΉ - ࢥߟʹΑΔλΠϐϯά σόΠε - ணܕBCI - ʮ100ޠ/minͷػثΛ 2Ͱ࡞ʯ (2017/4)
ʮࢥߟ͕Εͯ͠·͏ͷͰʁʯ ͷ͋ΒΏΔిؾత׆ಈ ࢥߟɾҙਤ ཧ ײ ໋ྩɾࢦࣔ ʮΛಈ͔ͤʯ ʮΛग़ͤʯ ʮจࣈΛଧͯʯ ग़ྗର͜ͷϨΠϠʔɻ
ͷલͷਓΛ - ମ͕উखʹԥͬͯ͠·Θͳ͍ - ແҙࣝʹഃͯ͠͠·Θͳ͍ ͷͱಉ͡Α͏ʹ੍ࣗՄೳ ͜ͷϨΠϠʔ͕͖উखʹ ग़ྗ͞ΕΔΘ͚Ͱͳ͍
ϩϘοτΞʔϜͷΈ ਓؒޠͷΛػցֶश͠ɺػցޠʹࣗಈ༁ͯ͠ૢ࡞ खΑಈ͚ɺखΑಈ͚ɺख Αಈ͚ɺखΑಈ͚ɺखΑ ಈ͚ɺखΑಈ͚ɺखΑ… खΛಈ͔࣌͢ͷ ࢲͷҰཡ 1. ʙʙ 2.
ʙʙ … ׳ΕΕɺ೦͡Δ ඞཁ͢Βແ͘ͳΔ
- ࢹਆܦେΛܹ͢Δ͜ͱՄೳ ϚΠΫ͔ΒௌਆܦɺΧϝϥ͔ΒບΛܹ ਓࣖɺਓບ - ੜདྷશͷਓ͕ਓࢹ֮ͰॳΊͯݟΔੈքଞͱಉ͔͡ʁ - ͷਓ͕ڹఆҐͰʮݟΔʯੈքͲ͏ݟ͑Δͷ͔ʁ - ࢲͷײ͡Δʮʯͱ͋ͳͨͷʮʯಉ͡৭͔ʁ
ʮݟ͑ํɾௌ͑͜ํʯҰ௨ΓͰͳ͍ ੈքͱΠϯλϥΫτͰ͖ΕɺଞਓͱҧͬͯͦΕ֮
ݟΔɺௌ͘ɺಈ͔͢ – ͷಇ͖ ʹύλʔϯΛ֮͑ࠐ·ͤΔ͜ͱ͕ຊ࣭ ຊޠʹஞޠ༁ͯ͠ཧղ ʢӳձͷशख़ʣ ѫࡰఔύλʔϯೝࣝͰ ༁ͣ͞ʹ͑Δ ෳࡶͳձ ӳޠͷ··ཧղͰ͖Δ
ෳࡶͳձ ӳޠͰߟ͑ͯൃͰ͖Δ ৗʹࢥߟΛհ͢Δ ʮ͜ͷܗʰυʱͩͬͨͳ…ʯ ʢ BCI ͷशख़ʣ ʮυϛι͚ͩϚελʔͨ͠ͳʯ ʢਓࣖͰͷύλʔϯೝࣝʣ ෳࡶͳܗࢥߟΛհͣ͞ ܗͷ··ཧղʢΠϯϓοτʣͰ͖Δ ෳࡶͳܗແҙࣝతʹ ग़ྗʢΞτϓοτʣͰ͖Δ
ҩྍʹ͓͚ΔBCIͷՄೳੑ ࣦΘΕͨΞτϓοτػߏͷ֫ಘ ࣦΘΕͨΠϯϓοτػߏͷ֫ಘ ࢹྗɺௌྗɺຯ֮ɺᄿ֮ɺ৮֮ ࢛ࢶͷಈ͖ɺίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ কདྷతʹ ӡಈೳྗɺײ֮ೳྗͷ֦ு ࡾຊͷखʢӡಈʣɺԻϏδϣϯʢײ֮ʣɺ खज़ϩϘοτࢹڸͱͷҰମԽʢӡಈ+ײ֮ʣ
None
ະདྷطʹ͜͜ʹ͋Δ ۉʹߦ͖Θ͍ͨͬͯͳ͍͚ͩͩ –– ΟϦΞϜɾΪϒιϯʢ࡞Ոʣ
ϒϩά http://okiyamasho.com ɾུྺ 2010 – ౦ژେֶҩֶ෦ଔۀ 2012 – ٹ໋ٹٸҩʢҩྍηϯλʔʣ 2013
– υΫλʔϔϦɺౡҩྍʢੴ֞ౡɺরؒౡʣ 2015 – גࣜձࣾϝυϨʔʢࣥߦһʣ 2017 – ϑϦʔʢݚڀऀ/ใֶʣ ɾॴଐֶձ ਓೳֶձɺใॲཧֶձɺຊٹٸҩֶձʢઐҩʣɺຊՊֶձ ԭࢁ ᠳʢ͓͖· ͠ΐ͏ʣ