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Teratogenesis

sms1371
December 19, 2012
23

 Teratogenesis

teratology-Teratogenesis-Birth defect-Congenital malformation- anomaly(Hereditary) abnormality

sms1371

December 19, 2012
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Transcript

  1. 1 - خساپ ( یزیذپ بیسآ ) نژًتازت لماع هب

    ردام ي هیىج 2 - هیىج یلماکت هلحزم (Developmental stage at the time of exposure) 3 - نژًتازت لماع اب سامت نامس تدم ي سيد (Dose and duration of exposure to a teratogen) 4 - نژًتازت لمع هقیزط : یلًکلًم ي یلًلس حطس رد تازییغت 5 - نژًتازت هجیتو : یدزکلمع یاه یرامیب ،دشر یگدوام بقع ،یراجىهاو ،گزم
  2.  First week (Resistant period)  Embryonic period  Maximum

    susceptibility (organ morphogenesis)  Fetal Period  Lowered Susceptibility (functional derangement)
  3. • 1 - تالالتخا موزومورك يدادعت ( Numerical Chromosomal Anomalies

    ) • فلا ) يلپ یديئولپ ( Polyploidy ) Triploidy 69 کي اب ديئولپيد کمخت اي مرپسا ود اب ديئولپاه كمخت كي مرپسا Tetraploidy 92 ژاويلك نيلوا • ب ) یديئولپونآ ( Aneuploidy ) یموزيرت يموزيرت 13 (Patau syndrome) یموزيرت 18 ( Edwards syndrome ) یموزیرت 21 مردنس نواد ( Down syndrome ) رتلف نیالك مردنس ( Klinfelter syndrome-XXY ) Triple X (Superfemale) یمزونوم رنرت مردنس ( Turner syndrome- XO )
  4. • 2 - موزومورك ينامتخاس ياه يراجنهان • ( Structural

    Chromosomal Anomalies ) • Isochromosome • Crossing over : • Translocation 21,13,14, 15 in Down syndrome • Partial Deletion Cri du chat 5(microcephal, mental, cardiovas) • Microdeletion Angelman 15 (speech, mental, movement) Prader- willi 15 (fatty, mental, hypogonad) • Inversion
  5. • 3 - ياه يراجنهان ينژ شهج زا لصاح (

    Gene Mutation Anomalies ) • Marphan syndrome • Crigler-Najjar syndrome • Roberts syndrome • Alport syndrome • Aarskog-Scott syndrome • Savant syndrome • treacher-collins syndrome • Niemann–Pick disease • Cystic Fibrosis • DMD
  6. • Infectious Agents (& other disease) • Drugs Agents (&

    Hormonic Agents) • Chemical Agents • Physical Agents
  7. • A) Viral infections • Rubella virus (German Measles) هجخرس

    سوریو 1month-From placenta- atrioventricular septsl defect, cataract. Weight • Cytomegalovirus(CMV) From Placenta,Cervix,Vagina (& Lactation) - microephaly, deafness, mental retardation, hepatospleenomegally ,cardiac defect,cerebral calcification, blue spot on skin • Herpes simplex virus(HSV) From Placenta,Vagina(85%)- Defect in CNS,liver, pancreas,ren,suprarenal glands, infection on skin, Eyes or mouth – no treatment=40-50% death • Varicella-zoster virus(VZV) ناغرم هلبآ First 3 month-From Placenta- limb hypoplasia & parasis., hydrocephaly. Mental retardation, cataract • HIV After 35th week- Systematic Chronic infection(fangus,bacterial,viral,protozoan)
  8. • B) Nonviral infections •Toxoplasma in each three munth -

    death,microcephaly,hydroceohaly,cerebral calcification •Treponema pallidum Syphilis, rhinitis,eye defect(cataract),icterus,abnormal teeth, splenohepatomegaly
  9. • Desease •Diabetes Coudal disgenesis, death •PKU mental retardation, microcephaly,

    cardiac defect • Nutrient deficiency Iodine deficiency coused cretinism • Obesity ONTD, cardiac defect, … • Hypoxy
  10. Category X drugs  Thalidomide  Aminopterin  methotrexate 

    Busulfan  Phenytoin  Triazolam  Warfarin  Isotretinoin Clomiphen Diethylstilbestrol Ethisterone Norethindrone Nicotine Alcohol
  11. Category X drugs Aminopterin Methotrexate Busulfan  Used in chemotererapy

     Dawerfism  Myelomeningocele  palate clef  Growth retardation  ophtalmic defect
  12. Category X drugs Aminopterin Methotrexate Busulfan  Used in chemotererapy

     Dawerfism  Myelomeningocele  palate clef  Growth retardation  ophtalmic defect
  13. Category X drugs Phenytoin Antileptic drug microcephaly Growth & mental

    retardation palate clef Finger & nail Hypoplesia Skull defect
  14. Category X drugs Warfarin Anti couagulant drug  Mental retardation

     microcephaly  optic n. atrophy  Fetal bleeding
  15. Category X drugs Retinoids (vitamin A) Used for Cystic akne

    severe craniofacial defects  cardiac defects neural tube defects (NTD) Palate cleft tretinoin (Retin-A) isotretinoin, 13-cis-retinoic acid
  16. Category X drugs Alcohol  Fetal Alcholic Syndrome (FAS) 

    Mental retardation  microcephaly  Cardivascular defect  Limb & Face malformation  Hairsutism
  17. Category D drugs  Tetracycline  doxycycline  Streptomycin 

    Phenobarbital  Pentobarbital  Valsuroic acid  Diazepam  lorazepam  Lithium  Hydrochlorothiazide
  18. Male-mediated Teratogenesis  Chromosomal defects & Mutation in germ cells

     Environmental agent : transmission of paternal mediated toxicity through seminal fluid
  19.  Ultrasonography  Maternal Serum Screening (AFP,hCG) AFP : Trisomy

    NTD,GIT atresia,amniotic band  Amniocentesis  Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
  20.  Fetal Transfusion  Fetal Medical Treatment  Fetal Surgery

     Stem Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Befor 18th week (activation of immune system)