terminology of nervous system.pdf

Transcript

1. Presented by Dr Sadatinejad, Seyyed Mohsen,student of Medicine from Iran,Kashan 19/12/2012
2. • Neuro/neuri: nerve • Neurology • Neurectasia • Neurectomy • Neurectopia • Neurilemmitis • Neuroglia • Neuroplasty • Neurorrhaphy • Neurapraxia
3. • Neuro/neuri: nerve • Neurilemoma: Neurilemma : a tumor of a peripheral nerve sheath Schwannoma : the most common type of neurogenic tumor, usually benign. Neurofibrosarcoma : neurofibroma-malignant type • Neuroastrocytoma • Neurinoma • Neurocytoma : 1. edulloepithelioma(neuroepithelioma) 2. ganglioneuroma
4. • Neuro/neuri: nerve • Neurulation • Neuroblast • Neuroblastoma • Neuromere • Neuroendoscope • Neuranagenesis • Neuromalacia • Neuropathy • Neurophysin • Neuropore • Neurosis
5. • Neuro/neuri: nerve • neurolysis: (neurolyt'ic adj.) 1.release of a nerve sheath by cutting it longitudinally. 2.operative breaking up of perineural adhesions. 3.relief of tension upon a nerve obtained by stretching. 4.destruction or dissolution of nerve tissue. • Neuroanatomy • Neurosurgery • Neuritis • Neuralgia : Neurodynia
6. • Glio/Glia : neuroglia • Glioma (neuroglioma) • Glioblastoma • Microglia • Ganglio/gangliono: • Ganglioglioma • Gangliocyte • Ganglionectomy • Ganglionostomy • ganglionitis
7.  Meningo/Meningio: • Meningitis • Meningioma • Meningocyte • Meningorrhagia • Meningococcus (Meningococci) • Meningocele • Myelomeningocele • Encephalomeningocele
8.  Myelo: spinal cord • Myeloma 1. Myelo : spinal cord 2. Myelo: Bone (e.g ) myeloblast, myelomatosis or and … • Myelitis: 1. inflammation of the spinal cord; often expanded to include noninflammatory spinal cord lesions. 2. inflammation of the bone marrow (osteomyelitis). • Myelopathy: 1. any functional disturbance and/or pathological change in the spinal cord; often used to denote nonspecific lesions, as opposed to myelitis. 2. pathological bone marrow changes. • Myelography • Myelatrophy • myelomalacia • Myeloschisis • Poliomyelitis : polio- (“gray matter”) • syringomyelia ( Syringe:tube/cavity)
9.  Radiculo: root • Radiculopathy • Radiculalgia • Radiculitis • Radiculectomy  Encephalo: brain • Encephalitis • Encphaloma • Encephalotomy • Encephalography • Encephalopathy • Encephalomalacia • Encephalolith • encephalopyosis • anencephaly
10.  Cerebro: brain • Cerebral cerebrocostomandibular syndrome cerebrohepatorenal syndrome • Cerebritis • Cerebrosis • Cerebrospinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) • Cerebrovascular cerebrovascular disease brain disorder cerebrovascular accident (CVA) synonym for a cerebral stroke
11. • Ventriculo: ventricle • Ventriculitis • Supraventricular • Periventricular • Ventriculostomy • Ventriculotomy • Ventriculoscopy • ventriculometry
12.  Thalamo: thalamus • Thalamic: Thalamic • Spinothalamic • Thalamocortical • Thalamostriate  Cortico: • Corticospinal • Corticotomy • Corticopontine (O!O! Don’t mix up all above with Corticosteroid)
13.  Cerebello: • Spinocerebellar : cerebellospinal • Cerebellopontine • Corticopontocerebellar • Cerebellovestibular • Cerebellitis • Medullo: • Extramedullary • Intramedullary • Medulloblastoma
14.  Psycho: soul, mind • Psychology • Psychiatry • Psychoanalysis • Psychotherapy • Psychotic: 1. pertaining to, characterized by, or caused by psychosis. 2. a person exhibiting psychosis. • Psychogenic • Psychosis • psychosomatic
15.  Narc: sleep • Narcolepsy • Narcosis • Narcotic: 1. pertaining to or producing narcosis. 2. an agent that produces insensibility or stupor, especially an opioid. • Narcissism • Narcoanalysis • Narcohypnosis
16. • Somno: sleep • Insomnia • Somnambulism • somnifacient • Somnolent(somnolentia): 1. drowsiness, or somnolence. 2. sleep drunkenness.
18.  -phasia: speech • Aphasia (auditory aphasia=word deafness) • Dysphasia (agrammatism) • Heterophasia • Heteroplasia • Monophasia
19.  -lalia: speech • Alalia • Dyslalia : paralalia • Coprolalia • Laloplegia • Lalorrhea : logorrhea
20. • -lexia: reading • Alexia (word blindness) • Dyslexia • -graphia: writing • Agraphia • Dysgraphia
21.  -plegia: paralysis • Diplegia • Paraplegia • Tetraplgia • -paresis: weakness • Hemiparesis • Paraparesis • Monoparesis • Quadriparesis
22.  -lepsy: seizure • Epilepsy • epileptogenic • epileptiform • Catalepsy (Cata:lower,under e.g catalysis)
23. • -mania: excited state • Manic: suffix meaning “morbid attraction to” or “impulse toward” • Manic-deprssive • Hypermanic: • Hypomania • Pyromania • Megalomania
24.  -phobia: abnormal fear suffix meaning “morbid or unreasonable fear” • Claustrophobia: • Hydrophobia: 1. irrational fear of water. 2. choking, gagging, and fear on attempts to drink in the paralytic phase of rabies. 3. former term for rabies. • Photophobia • Acrophobia • Agoraphbia • Claustrophobia • Xenophobia
25.  -phobia: abnormal fear • Homophobia • Xenoglossophobia • Cancerophobia • Necrophobia • Tocophobia • Scotophobia • Nyctophobia • Eremophobia
26.  -phobia: abnormal fear • pyrophobia • demophobia: ochlophobia • Phasmophobia • brontophobia: tonitrophobia :keraunophobia • Zoophobia • Arachnophobia
27.  -phobia: abnormal fear • Apiphobia • Ornithophobia • Ailurophobia • Cynophobia • Ichthyophobia • Entomophobia • Ophidiophobia • Musophobia • Panophobia
29.  -esthesia: sensation • Hyperesthesia • Hypoesthesia: • Anesthesia: 1. loss of sensation, usually by damage to a nerve or receptor. 2. loss of the ability to feel pain, caused by administration of a drug or other medical intervention. • Dysesthesia: 1. distortion of any sense, especially of the sense of touch. 2. an unpleasant abnormal sensation produced by normal stimuli. dysesthet'ic, adj. auditory dysesthesia • Cryesthesia • Paresthesia : numbness • Graphestesia • kinesthesia
30.  -algesia: pain • Hypalgesia: • Hyperalgesia • Analgesia 1. absence of sensibility to pain. 2. the relief of pain without loss of consciousness.
32. • Agnosia • Amnesia • sterognosia • Dementia • Astrocytoma • Duritis • Cordotomy • lobectomy : leukotomy • lobotomy • Pallidotomy • Craniectomy
33. • craniotomy • Thalamotomy • Tractotomy • paranoia Greek word for “madness” paranoid personality disorder • Schizophrenia schisis :cleaving/splitting/parting schiz/o: split phren/o, psych/o, thym/o :mind • catatonia: A phase of schizophrenia • sedative : Latin sedativus Agent that relieves feelings of agitation . • rachischisis: (synonymous with spina bifida) Rachi (From a Greek word rhachis, meaning spine.)
34. • pachymeningitis : pachy : thick : Duramatter • Leptomeningitis : Lepto : thin : archnoid + piamatter • Autonomic nervous system auto- (“self”); nom- (“name”); -ic (adjective suffix) • Dendrite dendrites (Greek, “relating to a tree”) • Diencephalon di- (“through”); encephal/o (“brain”) • Dura mater from durus (Latin for “hard”) and mater (Latin for “mother”) • Hypothalamus hyp/o (“below”); thalamos (Greek word for “bed”)
35. • Medulla oblongata medius (Latin for “middle”); oblongus (Latin for “long”) • Meninges the plural form of meninx (Greek for “membrane”) • Mesencephalon mes/o (“middle”); encephal/o (“brain”) • Pons pons (Latin word for “bridge”) • Ventricles from ventriculus (Latin word for “belly”) • Sciatica from sciaticus (Latin for “hip”)
36. • Seizure from saisir (French verb meaning “to grasp”) • Syncope Greek word for “swoon” fainting • contrecoup injury (from French, meaning “counterblow”) • multiple sclerosis multiple (common English word); scleros (Greek word for “hard”); -osis (“condition”) • Hemiballismus