Scalable Deployments - How we deploy Rails app to 150+ hosts in a minute

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Scalable Deployments How we deploy Rails app to 150+ hosts
in a minute

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OK

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Scalable Deployments How we deploy Rails app to 150+ hosts
in a minute

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TODAY I TALK ABOUT How Cookpad performs deployments

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TOPICS NOT INCLUDED Rails Continuous Delivery App servers’ auto scaling

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LINKS Cookpad's deployment and auto scaling Continuous Delivery in Cookpad
https://speakerdeck.com/mirakui/cookpads-deployment-and-auto-scaling https://speakerdeck.com/takai/continuous-delivery-in-cookpad

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Cookpad Inc. Dev-Infra group (Ꟛ涪㛇湍) Ruby committer ׉׵כ TPSBIFS
Shota Fukumori @sora_h ! sorah

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DEPLOYMENTS SO,

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quoted from New Oxford American Dictionary 3rd edition © 2010,
2012 by Oxford University Press photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/thenationalguard/4401592829 deploy |diˈploi| verb [ with obj. ] ! move (troops) into position for military

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Software deployment is all of the activities that make a
software system available for use. ! The general deployment process consists of several interrelated activities with possible transitions between them. These activities can occur at the producer side or at the consumer side or both. Because every software system is unique, the precise processes or procedures http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_deployment

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DEPLOYMENTS

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We perform deployment of the following Rails app: +----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+ |
Name | Lines | LOC | Classes | Methods | M/C | LOC/M | +----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+ | Controllers | 41964 | 33824 | 436 | 3397 | 7 | 7 | | Helpers | 13296 | 10950 | 10 | 1289 | 128 | 6 | | Models | 87626 | 69239 | 1530 | 7604 | 4 | 7 | | Mailers | 300 | 240 | 11 | 26 | 2 | 7 | | Javascripts | 38740 | 33240 | 34 | 4789 | 140 | 4 | | Libraries | 56189 | 46375 | 532 | 4371 | 8 | 8 | | Async_view specs | 247 | 212 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Controller specs | 55098 | 45557 | 7 | 117 | 16 | 387 | | Feature specs | 36807 | 30226 | 0 | 165 | 0 | 181 | | Helper specs | 3598 | 2956 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 420 | | Lib specs | 21636 | 18095 | 27 | 124 | 4 | 143 | | Mailer specs | 306 | 251 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Policy specs | 1594 | 1302 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Request specs | 28698 | 24526 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 2227 | | Routing specs | 648 | 523 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | View specs | 619 | 508 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 252 | | Worker specs | 862 | 715 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 713 | +----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+ | Total | 388228 | 318739 | 2587 | 21903 | 8 | 12 | +----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+

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+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+ | Name | Lines | LOC | Classes |
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+ | Controllers | 41964 | 33824 | 436 | | Helpers | 13296 | 10950 | 10 | | Models | 87626 | 69239 | 1530 | | Mailers | 300 | 240 | 11 | | Javascripts | 38740 | 33240 | 34 | | Libraries | 56189 | 46375 | 532 | | Controller specs | 55098 | 45557 | 7 | | Feature specs | 36807 | 30226 | 0 | | Helper specs | 3598 | 2956 | 0 | | Lib specs | 21636 | 18095 | 27 |

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| Controller specs | 55098 | 45557 | 7 |
| Feature specs | 36807 | 30226 | 0 | | Helper specs | 3598 | 2956 | 0 | | Lib specs | 21636 | 18095 | 27 | | Mailer specs | 306 | 251 | 0 | | Policy specs | 1594 | 1302 | 0 | | Request specs | 28698 | 24526 | 0 | | Routing specs | 648 | 523 | 0 | | View specs | 619 | 508 | 0 | | Worker specs | 862 | 715 | 0 | +----------------------+-------+-------+---------+ | Total | 388228 | 318739 | 2587 +----------------------+-------+-------+---------+

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140 servers 10 times / day ! " (peak)

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RULES ON DEPLOYMENT Deploy revisions which CI build passes Only
during working time After deployment, monitor errors for an hour Rollback if error rate increase, or any trouble

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Our deployment was: CI git repo developer # $ "
% pass tag check deploy & merge ' build

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Our deployment was: App App App : Deploy Server ssh+rsync
capistrano 2 ( )

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Deploy via Chat # $ ( check " deploy!

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How long time spent for deployment? CI git repo developer
# $ " % & ' 10 min 1..5 min 10 min

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How long time spent for deployment? 15…20 min

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PROBLEMS

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PROBLEMS Capistrano 2 with complicated super historical deploy script !
Seemed time to re-new

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$ tree config config ├── cutty_deploy.rb ├── deploy │ ├──
***.rb │ ├── production.rb │ ├── production_test.rb │ ├── production_***.rb │ ├── production_***_test.rb │ ├── (snip) │ ├── rails41.rb │ ├── ruby210.rb │ ├── staging.rb │ ├── staging_***.rb │ └── ***_test.rb ├── deploy_support │ ├── bundler_capistrano.rb │ ├── chat_notification.rb │ ├── deploy_utils.rb │ └── rsync_with_remote_cache.rb :

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$ wc -l config/cutty_deploy.rb \ config/deploy/* \ config/deploy_support/* ! 2595
total

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PROBLEMS SSH is slow High CPU usage on deployment Sometime
Fails

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PROBLEM: Sometime Fails

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# $ " % & ' 10 min 1..5 min 10 min

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"

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x 3 min " retry

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x 3 min " retry 3 min … x

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# " % ' 10 min 1..5 min 10 min ? $ &

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# $ " % & ' 10 min 1..5 min 10..20 min+

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My team “dev-infra” aims to: Improve developers’ productivity ! Keep
development fast Maintain & improve test environment etc

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WE HAVE TO IMPROVE of course,

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IMPROVEMENT PLANS Upgrade to Capistrano 3? ! It has better
SSH handling, but still depends on SSH. SSH is slow.

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CREATE, NEW TOOL! Create new tool that uses another way
for deployments!

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INTRODUCING * sorah/mamiya (pronounce like mar-me-ya)

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MAMIYA use Serf for orchestration use Amazon S3 for file
distribution (by default) compatible directory structure with Capistrano

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SERF? * hashicorp/serf Orchestration tool ! Decentralized, fault-tolerant, highly available
Uses Gossip protocol (SWIM)

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GOSSIP PROTOCOL? A gossip protocol is a style of computer-to-
computer communication protocol inspired by the form of gossip seen in social networks. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gossip_protocol

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GOSSIP PROTOCOL: interval: 200ms, total nodes: 8, fanout: 2 =
event node node node node node node node node e

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node node node node node GOSSIP PROTOCOL: node node e
Receives Event. node 0ms 200ms 400ms 600ms 800ms +

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Receives Event. Choose nodes to gossip node 0ms 200ms 400ms 600ms 800ms +

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Receives Event. Choose nodes to gossip node 0ms 200ms 400ms 600ms 800ms +

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Receives Event. Choose nodes to gossip Fan out. node 0ms 200ms 400ms 600ms 800ms +

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e e Receives Event. Choose nodes to gossip Fan out. node 0ms 200ms 400ms 600ms 800ms +

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e e e e e e Receives Event. Choose nodes to gossip Fan out. node 0ms 200ms 400ms 600ms 800ms +

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e e e e e e Receives Event. Choose nodes to gossip Fan out. node e e e e e e e e 0ms 200ms 400ms 600ms 800ms +

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e e e e e e Receives Event. Choose nodes to gossip Fan out. node e e e e e e e e Drop received event if it’s known 0ms 200ms 400ms 600ms 800ms +

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e e e e e e Receives Event. Choose nodes to gossip Fan out. node e Drop received event if it’s known 0ms 200ms 400ms 600ms 800ms +

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e e e e e e Receives Event. Choose nodes to gossip Fan out. node e Drop received event if it’s known e e 0ms 200ms 400ms 600ms 800ms +

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e e e e e e Receives Event. Choose nodes to gossip Fan out. node e Drop received event if it’s known 0ms 200ms 400ms 600ms 800ms + Now all nodes has the event.

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SERF Consumes UDP bandwidth proportional to cluster size, but better
than SSH. * hashicorp/serf

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VILLEIN Side-eﬀect gem for Mamiya Simple gem to control `serf`
from Ruby * sorah/villein

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HOW IT WORKS

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Terminologies & Concept Master node Agent node Package Storage Steps

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Terminologies & Concept Master node has HTTP API to control
cluster sends requests to agents (via serf) watches agents’ status

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Terminologies & Concept Agent node accepts requests from master node
runs deploy tasks

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Terminologies & Concept Deploy Script writes how to “build”, “prepare”,
and “release”

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Terminologies & Concept Package is a tarball of files to
deploy can be pushed to storage contains Deploy Script

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Terminologies & Concept Storage can store Packages used from Agent
nodes

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Terminologies & Concept Step is part of deployment can be
run separately called remotely

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Steps Fetch package from storage Prepare fetched package (bundle install,
etc) Switch to prepared package (reload, graceful)

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1. CI builds package when passed 2. CI pushes the
package to storage 3. — Deployment starts — 4. Master sends “prepare” request to Agents 5. Agents fetch package, then prepare Mamiya’s Deploy ﬂow

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6. Master confirms all agents have prepared 7. Master sends
“switch” request to Agents 8. Agent switches symlinks, then reload app process Mamiya’s Deploy ﬂow

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mamiya’s deploy ﬂow storage CI developer , build+push check deploy
pass prepare app merge " & # - % reload .

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Result Removed dependency to slow SSH ! but, more…?

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Terminologies & Concept Step is part of deployment can be
run separately called remotely

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ANOTHER GOAL Do preparation before developer say “DEPLOY!”

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mamiya’s deploy ﬂow (prepare earlier) storage CI developer , build+push
check deploy pass prepare app merge " & # . - % reload app

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Result (cap→mamiya) Before: 8.4 minutes After: 45 seconds ! for
110 servers, 11.2x faster!

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DEMO

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Future Plans Better documentation (soon) Auto-deploy when joining cluster Web
UI Better error tracking, handling Incremental Packages “master is always deployed”

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THANKS * sorah/mamiya questions? @sora_h

Scalable Deployments - How we deploy Rails app to 150+ hosts in a minute

Scalable Deployments - How we deploy Rails app to 150+ hosts in a minute

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