Web API に秩序を与える Protocol Buffers / Protocol Buffers for Web API #builderscon

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. 8FC"1*ʹடংΛ༩͑Δ 1SPUPDPM#VGGFST 30.Aug.2019 - Nao Minami (@south37)
Wantedly, Inc. builderscon tokyo 2019

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. /BP.JOBNJ *OGSBTUSVDUVSF&OHJOFFS 8BOUFEMZ (JU)VCTPVUI 5XJUUFSTPVUI 43&ͱͯ͠ͷ໾ׂ
։ൃج൫ͱͯ͠ͷ໾ׂ 1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTΛར༻ͨ͠ ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε։ൃʹऔΓ૊Ή

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. 4DIFNBͱ͸ "1*ͷৼΔ෣͍Λهड़ͨ͠΋ͷ w QBUI΍ϝιουɺSFRVFTUSFTQPOTFͷ಺༰ͳͲΛએݴతʹهड़ w ͍͔ͭ͘ͷํ๏͕஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔ w
FH0QFO"1* +40/"1* 1SPUPDPM#V⒎FST FUD

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ͷ伴ͱͳΔ ߴ͍ੜ࢈ੑͰ։ൃՄೳ 4DIFNB 4FSWFS։ൃ $MJFOU։ൃ

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©2019 Wantedly, Inc. (PPHMF੡ͷ4FSJBMJ[BUJPO-JCSBSZ *OUFSGBDF%FpOJUJPO-BOHVBHF *%- w *%-Ͱ"1*4DIFNBΛهड़͠ɺTFSJBMJ[BUJPOEFTFSJBMJ[BUJPOίʔυ
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc. service BookService { rpc getBook (getBookRequest) returns
(Book) { option (google.api.http) = { get: "/api/books/{id}" }; } } message getBookRequest { int64 id = 1; } message Book { int64 id = 1; string title = 2; } #PPL"1*ͷ4DIFNBΛQSPUPGJMFʹهड़

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. QSPUPDͰίʔυࣗಈੜ੒ w ͦΕͧΕͷNFTTBHFΛTFSJBMJ[FEFTFSJBMJ[F͢ΔSVOUJNFMJCSBSZ ͷίʔυΛࣗಈੜ੒ ྫQSPUPGJMF͔Βίʔυࣗಈੜ੒ Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.xxx do
add_message "books.GetBookRequest" do optional :id, :int64, 1 end add_message "books.Book" do optional :id, :int64, 1 optional :title, :string, 2 end end module Books GetBookRequest = XXX(“books.GetBookRequest”).msgclass Book = XXX(“books.Book").msgclass end message getBookRequest { int64 id = 1; } message Book { int64 id = 1; string title = 2; } QSPUPpMF 3VCZ

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. [1] book = Book.new(id: 2, title: "Hello,
Book") => <Book: id: 2, title: "Hello, Book"> [2] book.to_proto => "\b\x02\x12\vHello, Book” [3] book.to_json => "{\"id\":2,\"title\":\"Hello, Book\”}" [4] Book.decode("\b\x02\x12\vHello, Book") => <Book: id: 2, title: "Hello, Book"> 3VCZ message Book { int64 id = 1; string title = 2; } QSPUPpMF

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. service BookService { rpc getBook (getBookRequest) returns
(Book) { option (google.api.http) = { get: "/api/books/{id}" }; } } TXBHHFSQMVHJOͰ+40/Λࣗಈੜ੒ w HSQDHBUFXBZQSPUPDHFOTXBHHFSQMVHJOΛར༻ w ҎԼͷQSPUPpMFͷ಺༰Λ൓өͨ͠TXBHHFSKTPOΛੜ੒ ྫQSPUPGJMF͔ΒTXBHHFSKTPOΛࣗಈੜ੒

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. { "swagger": “2.0", …, "paths": { "/api/books/{id}":
{ "get": { "operationId": "GetBook", "responses": { "200": { "description": … "schema": { "$ref": "#/definitions/booksBook" } } }, “parameters": [ { "name": "id", "in": "path", "required": true, "type": "string", "format": "int64" } ], "tags": … } } }, "definitions": { "booksBook": { "type": "object", "properties": { "id": { "type": "string", "format": "int64" }, "title": { "type": "string" } } } } }

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. ͳͥ1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢Δͷ͔ʁ ࣗಈੜ੒ίʔυར༻ʹΑΔ"1* 4DIFNBͷอূ 4FSJBMJ[FS%FTFSJBMJ[FSͷػೳ
QSPUPDͷ๛෋ͳQMVHJO

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. ͳͥ1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢Δͷ͔ʁ ࣗಈੜ੒ίʔυར༻ʹΑΔ"1* 4DIFNBͷอূ w QSPUPpMFΛਖ਼֬ʹ൓өͨ͠4FSJBMJ[FS%FTFSJBMJ[FSΛར༻͢ΔͷͰ ʮ࣮૷ͱ4DIFNBͷڍಈ͕ͣΕΔʯͱ͍͏ࣄ͕ݪཧతʹൃੜ͠ͳ͍
w 4XBHHFSͷ༷ʹUFTU΍WBMJEBUJPOͰ୲อ͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺͨͩ QSPUPD͕ੜ੒͢ΔίʔυΛར༻͢Ε͹ྑ͍ ʮੜ͖ͯΔυΩϡϝϯτʯΛ؆୯͔࣮ͭ֬ʹ࡞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. 4FSJBMJ[FS%FTFSJBJM[FSͷػೳ w pFMEͷ௥Ճ΍ϦωʔϜ͸ޙํޓ׵ੑΛյ͞ͳ͍ w ݹ͍QSPUPpMF͔Βੜ੒ͨ͠%FTFSJBMJ[FSͰ΋৽͍͠ CJOBSZΛ%FTFSJBMJ[FͰ͖Δɻͦͷٯ΋વΓɻ ෳ਺ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͷಉ࣌EFQMPZͳͲΛۃྗݮΒͤΔ
w CJOBSZGPSNBU͸+40/ΑΓ΋TFSJBMJ[FEFTFSJBMJ[F͕ૣ͘ɺ EBUBTJ[F΋খ͍͞ 4FSJBMJ[FS%FTFSJBMJ[FSͷػೳ͕༏Ε͍ͯΔ ͳͥ1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢Δͷ͔ʁ

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. ͳͥ1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢Δͷ͔ʁ QSPUPDͷ๛෋ͳQMVHJO w QMVHJOʹΑ༷ͬͯʑͳػೳ֦ு͕Մೳ w FHTXBHHFSKTPOͷੜ੒ w
FHQSPUPpMFͷ಺༰Λ+40/ܗࣜ΁ม׵ w FHH31$ HSQDHBUFXBZͷར༻ w ಛʹɺTXBHHFSKTPO͸ݩʑ8FC'SPOUFOE .PCJMF"QQνʔϜͱͷ ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯʹར༻͍ͯͨ͠ͷͰɺԸܙ͕େ͖͔ͬͨ w QSPUPDQMVHJOΤίγεςϜ͕࡞ΒΕ͖͍ͯͯΔ

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. 1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛͲ͏ར༻͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ #SPXTFS .PCJMF"QQ ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͷ಺ଆͱ֎ଆ ྆ํͷ௨৴ʹ1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻ QSPUPpMFͷ಺༰Λ൓өͨ͠ +40/PWFS)551
1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTPWFS)551 PS QSPUPpMFͷ಺༰Λ൓өͨ͠ +40/PWFS)551

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. HSBQJΛར༻ w HSBQJ"TVSQSJTJOHMZFBTZ"1*TFSWFSBOEHFOFSBUPSJOH31$ BOE(P w ฐࣾΤϯδχΞ!J[VNJO࡞ͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ w
H31$ HSQDHBUFXBZͷߏ੒Ͱ(PαʔόʔΛ؆୯ʹߏஙՄೳ (PΛར༻ͨ͠ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε։ൃ

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. HSBQJΛར༻ͯ͠ɺ1SPUPDPM#VGGFST ͷϝϦοτΛڗड w QSPUPpMFΛॻ͘ͱɺH31$ HSQDHBUFXBZͷίʔυΛࣗಈੜ੒ 4DIFNBΛݫີʹຬͨ͢"1*TFSWFSΛ؆୯ʹ࡞੒Մೳ w
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc. 3VCZPO3BJMT 1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTͷ 4FSJBMJ[FS%FTFSJBMJ[FSΛར༻ w 3BJMTͰ"1*Λ։ൃ w ͨͩ͠ɺSFRVFTUSFTQPOTFͷQBZMPBEʹ1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTͷ
CJOBSZGPSNBUΛར༻ 3VCZΛར༻ͨ͠ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε։ൃ

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. > PATCH /api/books/2 HTTP/1.1 > Accept: application/protobuf
> Content-Type: application/protobuf > > \x08\x02 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Content-Type: application/protobuf < < \x08\x02\x12\x0BHello, Book [1] book = Book.new(id: 2, title: "Hello, Book") => <Book: id: 2, title: "Hello, Book"> [2] book.to_proto => "\b\x02\x12\vHello, Book” 3VCZ )551SFRVFTUSFTQPOTF

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. Mime::Type.register "application/protobuf", :protobuf ActionController::Renderers.add :protobuf do |obj,
_| send_data obj.to_proto, type: Mime[:protobuf] end 3VCZPO3BJMTJOJUJBMJ[FS def show req = GetBookRequest.decode(request.body.read) … book = Book.new(id: xxx, title: yyy) render protobuf: book end 3VCZPO3BJMTDPOUSPMMFS

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. #BDLFOE'PS'SPOUFOE #'' ͱͳΔ 5ZQF4DSJQUαʔόʔ͕ଘࡏ w #SPXTFSͱ͸(SBQI2-Ͱ௨৴͠ɺ#BDLFOE4FSWFSͱͷ௨৴ʹ͸ 1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTΛར༻
5ZQF4DSJQU͔Βͷ1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTར༻ #SPXTFS .PCJMF"QQ 5ZQF4DSJQU (SBQI2- 1SPUPDPM#V⒎FST

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ʮ࣮૷ʯΑΓ΋ʮৼΔ෣͍ʯʹूதͯٞ͠࿦ɾઃܭ͕Ͱ͖Δ 1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻ͯ͠ײͨ͡ϝϦοτ

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DGIUUQTDMPVEHPPHMFDPNBQJTEFTJHO w (PPHMF"1*T͸༏Ε࣮ͨྫͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ w "1*%FTJHO(VJEF͸"1*ઃܭͷࢀߟʹͰ͖Δ w ඪ४తͳܕͳͲ΋(PPHMFʹΑͬͯଟ਺ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯͯར༻Ͱ͖Δ 1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻ͯ͠ײͨ͡ϝϦοτ

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©2019 Wantedly, Inc. 5FTU%SJWFO%FWFMPQNFOU 5%% ͕΍Γ΍͍͢ w QSPUPpMFͱͯ͠"1*ͷৼΔ෣͍Λઌʹఆٛ͢ΔͷͰɺͦΕΛຬͨ͢ 5FTUΛ࣮૷ΑΓ΋ઌʹॻ͘͜ͱ͕ग़དྷΔ
w ࣗવͳܗͰ5%%Λ࣮ફग़དྷΔ 1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻ͯ͠ײͨ͡ϝϦοτ

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. 1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢ΔதͰݟ͖͑ͯͨ஫ҙ఺ QSPUPpMFͷڞ༗ํ๏͸੔උ͕ඞཁ w 1SPUPDPM#V⒎FST͸$MJFOU 4FSWFS྆ํ͕ಉ͡QSPUPpMFΛࢀর͢Δ ඞཁ͕͋Δɻ 3FQPTJUPSZ͕෼͔Ε͍ͯΔ৔߹ɺQSPUPpMFͷڞ༗͕ඞཁ
w ڞ༗ํ๏͝ͱͷϝϦοτɾσϝϦοτΛߟ͑Δඞཁ͕͋Δ w ୯७ͳίϐʔʜ࣮ݱ͕؆୯͕ͩɺQSPUPpMFͷมߋ௥ै͕೉͍͠ w QSPUPEFQ౳ͷπʔϧʜ$MJFOU͔ΒWFSTJPOࢦఆ͕Մೳ w QSPUPpMFू໿SFQPTJUPSZʜSFQPTJUPSZʹQSPUPpMFΛू໿ɻ ίʔυੜ੒ͯ͠MJCSBSZͱͯ͠഑৴ɻEFQFOEBCPUͰมߋΛ௨஌ɻ w 8BOUFEMZͰ͸ϓϩδΣΫτ͝ͱʹόϥόϥ͕ͩɺQSPUPpMFू໿ SFQPTJUPSZͷར༻͕૿Ճத

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. 1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢ΔதͰݟ͖͑ͯͨ஫ҙ఺ 1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTίϯύΠϥ QSPUPD ͷWFSTJPOʹ஫ҙ͢Δ w QSPUPDWFSTJPOͷҧ͍ʹΑͬͯɺࣗಈੜ੒ͨ͠ίʔυ಺༰͕มΘΔ
w ޓ׵ੑ͸΄ͱΜͲյΕͳ͍͸͕ͣͩɺಛʹ(PͰݟͨ໨ͷEJ⒎͕ େ͖͘WFSTJPOΛ্͛ͮΒ͔ͬͨ w ։ൃऀͦΕͧΕ͕QSPUPDͰίʔυੜ੒͢Δ৔߹ɺQSPUPDWFSTJPO Λἧ͑Δඞཁ͋Γ VCFSQSPUPUPPMͳͲΛར༻ͯ͠WFSTJPOΛݻఆ͢Δͱྑ͍

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. 1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢ΔதͰݟ͖͑ͯͨ஫ҙ఺ ݴޠʹΑͬͯ͸4FSJBMJ[BUJPO-JCSBSZ ͷػೳ͕ශऑ w +BWB4DSJQUpFMEͷTFU͸TFUUFSNFUIPEΛར༻͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ w FHTFU*E
TFU/BNF FUD w 3VCZSFQFBUFEpFME͸"SSBZMJLF͕ͩඍົʹ࢖͍উख͕ҧ͏ w ୯७ͳTFU͸ग़དྷͣɺSFQMBDF͕ඞཁ w "DUJWF3FDPSEͷXIFSFʹͦͷ··౉ͤͳ͍

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. [1] book = Book.new(id: 1) => <Book:
id: 1, authors: []> [2] book.authors => [] [3] book.authors.class => Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField [4] book.authors = [Author.new(id: 2)] Google::Protobuf::TypeError: Expected repeated field array from (pry):4:in `method_missing’ [5] book.authors.replace([Author.new(id: 2)]) => [<Author: id: 2, name: "">] [6] book.authors => [<Author: id: 2, name: "">]

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. [1] req = ListBookRequest.new(ids: [1, 2, 3])
=> <ListBookRequest: ids: [1, 2, 3]> [2] req.ids.class => Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField [4] Book.where(id: req.ids).to_sql => "SELECT \"books\".* FROM \"books\" WHERE \"books\".\"id\" = NULL" [3] Book.where(id: req.ids.to_a).to_sql => "SELECT \"books\".* FROM \"books\" WHERE \"books\".\"id\" IN (1, 2, 3)"

©2019 Wantedly, Inc. 1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢ΔதͰݟ͖͑ͯͨ஫ҙ఺ 1SPUPDPM#VGGFST8FMMLOPXO5ZQFT ͷѻ͍͸গ͠໘౗ w 1SPUPDPM#V⒎FST্Ͱ࣌ؒΛදݱ͢ΔHPPHMFQSPUPCVG5JNFTUBNQ w ݴޠ͝ͱͷ5JNF࣮૷ͱ͸ผͳͷͰຖճXSBQVOXSBQ͢Δඞཁ͋Γ
w 4USJOH7BMVF *OU7BMVFͳͲͷOVMMBCMFUZQFT w TUSJOH JOUͳͲΛOVMMBCMFʹ͢Δҝʹར༻ w ͜Ε΋XSBQVOXSBQͷख͕͔͔ؒΔ

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SFRVFTUSFTQPOTFͷ಺༰֬ೝʹ͸ɺՄࢹԽ͕ඞཁ +40/ͱ1SPUPDPM#V⒎FST྆ํΛฦ͢αʔόʔͱͯ͠։ൃ

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HSQDHBUFXBZΛ௨ͣ͞ʹ(PͷH31$αʔόʔͱ௨৴ͨ͠Γɺ৽͍͠ 3VCZαʔόʔΛH31$αʔόʔͱͯ͠։ൃ͢ΔࢼΈΛ͍ͯ͠Δ 1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTͷԸܙΛड͚ͭͭɺUSBOTQPSU΋ޮ཰Խ

Web API に秩序を与える Protocol Buffers / Protocol Buffers for Web API #builderscon

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