Swift Solutions

In this talk we start by looking at where we came from with Objective-C, and how we feel about Swift. This presentation is about trying to discover what idiomatic Swift is by looking at a series of examples with "Swift" solutions.

Transcript

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2. @subdigital
   

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5. Objec&ve(C
   

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6. [ ]
   

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10. C#
    

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11. BCSItem *item = [[BCSItem alloc] initWithIdentifier:@"id1"];
    [item favorite];
    

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12. °□°#
    

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13. NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSError *error = nil;
    BOOL result = [fm removeItemAtPath:path error:&error];
    if (!result) {
    NSLog(“The error was: %@“, [error localizedDescription]);
    }
    

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14. !
    

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15. Stockholm)Syndrome?
    

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16. Objec&ve(C*has*some*really*great*features.
    

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20. Swi$%is%different.
    

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21. Swi$%is
    • clean'&'concise
    • memory'managed
    • safe
    • func3onal'(?)
    

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22. Why$do$we$need$a$safe$language?
    

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23. remember%goto%fail?
    

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24. no?
    

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25. hashOut.data = hashes + SSL_MD5_DIGEST_LEN;
    hashOut.length = SSL_SHA1_DIGEST_LEN;
    if ((err = SSLFreeBuffer(&hashCtx)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    if ((err = ReadyHash(&SSLHashSHA1, &hashCtx)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &clientRandom)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &serverRandom)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    goto fail;
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.final(&hashCtx, &hashOut)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    err = sslRawVerify(...);
    . . .
    

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26. hashOut.data = hashes + SSL_MD5_DIGEST_LEN;
    hashOut.length = SSL_SHA1_DIGEST_LEN;
    if ((err = SSLFreeBuffer(&hashCtx)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    if ((err = ReadyHash(&SSLHashSHA1, &hashCtx)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &clientRandom)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &serverRandom)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    goto fail; <----------
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.final(&hashCtx, &hashOut)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    err = sslRawVerify(...);
    . . .
    

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27. Hidden&backdoor&to
    root$in$OS$X
    !!
    !!!h#ps:/
    /truesecdev.wordpress.com/2015/04/09/hidden;backdoor;api;to;root;privileges;in;apple;os;x/
    

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28. !
    !!h#ps:/
    /twi#er.com/tlrobinson/status/586202234582507520
    

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29. “Swi%&Sucks”
    

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30. “What&the&hell&were&they&thinking?”
    

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31. "Let’s'implement'our'own'open1
    source'Swi4"
    

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32. View Slide

33. Swi$%is%unique
    

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34. Idioma'c)Swi,
    

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36. We#are#s'll#learning#what#idioma'c#
    Swi4#is.
    

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37. So#let’s#take#a#look#at#some#cases#from#a#Swi1#
    viewpoint.
    

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38. Lazy%Proper+es%with%Closures
    

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39. func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    let config = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
    session = NSURLSession(
    configuration: config,
    delegate: self,
    delegateQueue: nil)
    navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = UIBarButtonItem(
    barButtonSystemItem: .Bookmarks,
    target: self,
    action: "bookmarks:")
    navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = UIBarButtonItem(
    barButtonSystemItem: .Add,
    target: self,
    action: "add:")
    ...
    }
    

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40. @interface MyViewController ()
    @property (nonatomic, strong) NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration;
    @end
    - (NSURLSessionConfiguration *)configuration {
    if (_configuration == nil) {
    _configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
    }
    return _configuration;
    }
    

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41. lazy var configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
    

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42. lazy var configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
    lazy var session = ...
    

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43. lazy var configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
    lazy var session: NSURLSession = {
    }()
    

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44. lazy var configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
    lazy var session: NSURLSession = {
    return NSURLSession(configuration: self.configuration,
    delegate: self,
    delegateQueue: nil)
    }()
    

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45. lazy var configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
    lazy var session: NSURLSession = {
    return NSURLSession(configuration: self.configuration,
    delegate: self,
    delegateQueue: nil)
    }()
    lazy var leftBarButtonItem: UIBarButtonItem = {
    return UIBarButtonItem(
    barButtonSystemItem: .Bookmarks,
    target: self,
    action: "bookmarks:")
    }()
    lazy var rightBarButtonItem: UIBarButtonItem = {
    return UIBarButtonItem(
    barButtonSystemItem: .Add,
    target: self,
    action: "add:")
    }()
    

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46. func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    let config = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
    session = NSURLSession(
    configuration: config,
    delegate: self,
    delegateQueue: nil)
    navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = UIBarButtonItem(
    barButtonSystemItem: .Bookmarks,
    target: self,
    action: "bookmarks:")
    navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = UIBarButtonItem(
    barButtonSystemItem: .Add,
    target: self,
    action: "add:")
    ...
    }
    

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47. func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = leftBarButtonItem
    navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = rightBarButtonItem
    }
    

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48. Returning)errors
    

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49. var error: NSError? = nil
    let object = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data,
    options: nil,
    error: &error
    )
    

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50. class func JSONObjectWithData(data: NSData,
    options: NSJSONReadingOptions,
    error: NSErrorPointer) -> AnyObject
    

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51. func JSONObjectWithData(
    data: NSData,
    options: NSJSONReadingOptions = nil,
    ) -> (AnyObject?, NSError?)
    

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52. let result = JSONObjectWithData(data)
    result.0 // object?
    result.1 // error?
    

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53. let (object, error) = JSONObjectWithData(data)
    if let someObject = object {
    // can work with someObject
    } else {
    // error
    }
    

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54. func JSONObjectWithData(
    data: NSData,
    options: NSJSONReadingOptions = nil,
    ) -> (obj: AnyObject?, error: NSError?)
    

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55. let result = JSONObjectWithData(data)
    result.obj // object?
    result.error // error?
    

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56. Some%mes'if let'sucks
    

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57. Swi$%Pa(ern%Matching
    

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58. switch(result) {
    case (.Some(let x), nil):
    println("x's type is AnyObject")
    case (nil, .Some(let e)):
    println("e's type is NSError")
    default:
    }
    

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59. A"more"general"solu-on
    

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60. enum Result {
    case Value(T)
    case Error(NSError)
    }
    

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61. func JSONObjectWithData(
    data: NSData,
    options: NSJSONReadingOptions = nil
    ) -> Result
    

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62. func JSONObjectWithData(
    data: NSData,
    options: NSJSONReadingOptions = nil
    ) -> Result {
    ....
    if let error = parserError {
    return .Error(error)
    } else {
    return .Value(parsedObject)
    }
    }
    

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63. let result = JSONObjectWithData(data)
    switch(result) {
    case .Value(let obj):
    println("we parsed the object: \(obj)")
    case .Error(let error):
    println("error parsing json: \(error)")
    }
    

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64. (Side&Note:&Boxing&currently&required)
    Hopefully)Apple)will)fix)this)soon,)but)currently)you)need)to)box)the)
    T)value)for)this)to)work:
    class Box {
    var unbox: T
    init(_ value: T) {
    unbox = value
    }
    }
    

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65. enum Result {
    case Value(Box)
    case Error(NSError)
    }
    switch result {
    case .Value(let box):
    let val = box.unbox
    ...
    }
    

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66. More%on%Result%later...
    

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67. Map$/$Reduce
    

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69. struct Item {
    let name: String
    let price: Double
    let taxable: Bool
    }
    

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70. Given&a&Shopping&cart&full&of&items...
    let shoppingCart = [
    Item(name: "Apples", price: 0.67, taxable: false),
    Item(name: "Bananas", price: 1.87, taxable: false),
    Item(name: "Beer", price: 6.99, taxable: true),
    Item(name: "Candy", price: 4.00, taxable: true),
    Item(name: "Ice Cream", price: 6.00, taxable: true)
    ]
    

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71. Compute(the(amount(of(tax(you(
    have(to(pay...
    

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72. let TaxRate = 0.0825
    

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73. let TaxRate = 0.0825
    var tax = 0.0
    

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74. let TaxRate = 0.0825
    var tax = 0.0
    for item in shoppingCart {
    }
    println(tax)
    

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75. let TaxRate = 0.0825
    var tax = 0.0
    for item in shoppingCart {
    if item.taxable {
    }
    }
    println(tax)
    

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76. let TaxRate = 0.0825
    var tax = 0.0
    for item in shoppingCart {
    if item.taxable {
    tax += item.price * TaxRate
    }
    }
    println(tax)
    

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77. How$can$we$express$this$in$terms$of$
    map,$filter,$and$reduce?
    

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78. map
    

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79. func map(
    source: C,
    transform: (C.Generator.Element) -> T) -> [T]
    

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80. func map(
    source: S,
    transform: (S.Generator.Element) -> T) -> [T]
    

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81. let items = [1, 2, 3]
    map(items, { (item: Int) -> Int in
    return item * 2
    })
    

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82. let items = [1, 2, 3]
    map(items, { (item) -> Int in
    return item * 2
    })
    

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83. let items = [1, 2, 3]
    map(items, { item in
    return item * 2
    })
    

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84. map(items, {
    return $0 * 2
    })
    

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85. map(items, { $0 * 2 })
    

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86. map(items) { $0 * 2 }
    

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87. [1,2,3].map { $0 * 2 }
    

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88. [1,2,3].map { $0 * 2 } // => [2, 4, 6]
    

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89. filter
    

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90. func filter(
    source: S,
    includeElement: (S.Generator.Element) -> Bool)
    -> [S.Generator.Element]
    

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91. [1,2,3].filter { $0 % 2 == 0 }
    

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92. [1,2,3].filter { $0 % 2 == 0 } // => [2]
    

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93. reduce
    

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94. func reduce(
    sequence: S,
    initial: U,
    combine: @noescape (U, S.Generator.Element) -> U) -> U
    

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95. [1,2,3].reduce(0) {
    (sum, n) in
    return sum + n
    }
    

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96. All#set?
    

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97. First&get&the&taxable&items
    let taxable = shoppingCart.filter { $0.taxable }
    

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98. Map$items$to$their$prices
    let taxable = shoppingCart.filter { $0.taxable }
    let taxableAmounts = taxable.map { $0.price }
    

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99. Reduce&to&a&single&value&(the&amount&of&tax)
    let taxable = shoppingCart.filter { $0.taxable }
    let taxableAmounts = taxable.map { $0.price }
    let tax = taxableAmounts.reduce(0) {
    (tax, itemPrice) in
    return tax + (itemPrice * TaxRate)
    }
    

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100. Can$simplify$the$reduce$block...
     let taxable = shoppingCart.filter { $0.taxable }
     let taxableAmounts = taxable.map { $0.price }
     let itemTaxes = taxable.map { $0 * TaxRate }
     let tax = itemTaxes.reduce(0) {
     (tax, itemTax) in
     return tax + (itemTax)
     }
     

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101. ...into&an&exis+ng&func+on
     

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102. func +(lhs: Int, rhs: Int) -> Int {
     return lhs + rhs
     }
     

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103. Look$at$the$Shape$of$the$func/on...
     (T,T) -> U
     

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104. Look$at$the$Shape$of$the$func/on...
     !-> T
     

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105. (T,T)-> T
     

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106. (U,T)-> U
     

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107. Can$just$use$the$+$func-on...
     let taxable = shoppingCart.filter { $0.taxable }
     let taxableAmounts = taxable.map { $0.price }
     let itemTaxes = taxable.map { $0 * TaxRate }
     let tax = itemTaxes.reduce(0, combine: +)
     

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108. ..."and"chain"them"together...
     let tax = shoppingCart
     .filter { $0.taxable }
     .map { $0.price }
     .map { $0 * TaxRate }
     .reduce(0, combine: +)
     println(tax) // 1.40
     

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109. Func%ons
     (no$interim$state,$no$loops,$no$condi1onals)
     

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110. func taxFunction(rate: Double)
     

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111. func taxFunction(rate: Double) -> ([Item]) -> Double {
     

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112. func taxFunction(rate: Double) -> ([Item]) -> Double {
     return { (items) in
     return items
     .filter { $0.taxable }
     .map { $0.price }
     .map { $0 * rate }
     .reduce(0, combine: +)
     }
     }
     

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113. let texasTax = taxFunction(0.0825)
     let tax = texasTax(items)
     

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114. Flat%Map
     

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115. We#know#what#map#is,#what#is#fla1en?
     flatten([[5, 6], [4], [7, 8]]) -> [5,6,4,7,8]
     

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116. it#is#o&en#handy#to#fla.en#before#
     mapping
     

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117. (flat,&map)
     

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118. struct Person {
     var name: String
     var emails: [String]
     }
     

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119. "Give&me&a&list&of&all&email&
     addresses"
     

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120. people.map { $0.emails } ???
     

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121. There%is%no%fla,en%func0on,%but%we%could%
     write%one...
     func flatten(array: [[T]) -> [T] {
     var result = [T]()
     for item in array {
     for subItem in item {
     result.append(subItem)
     }
     }
     return result
     }
     

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122. ...ore%more%succinctly,%with%reduce:
     func flatten(array: [[T]) -> [T] {
     return array.reduce([], combine: +)
     }
     

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123. Yay!%Swi)%1.2%has%a%flatMap%
     func3on%:)
     

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124. [[1, 2], [3], [4, 5]].flatMap { $0 }
     // -> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
     

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125. people.flatMap { $0.emails }
     

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126. flatMap&for&Result&?
     

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127. enum Result {
     case Value(Box)
     case Error(NSError)
     func flatMap(next: T -> Result) -> Result {
     switch self {
     case .Value(let box):
     let val = box.unbox
     return next(val)
     case .Error(let err):
     return .Error(err)
     }
     }
     }
     

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128. func getValue() -> Result
     func convertToFloat(i: Int) -> Result
     func squareRoot(x: Float) -> Result
     

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129. getValue().flatMap(convertToFloat).flatMap(squareRoot)
     

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130. Dealing(with(Index(Paths
     

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131. Remember&sta*c&table&views&before&
     Storyboards?
     

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132. func tableView(tableView: UITableView,
     cellForRowAtIndexPath: NSIndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
     if indexPath.section == 0 {
     if indexPath.row == 0 {
     //
     } else {
     // ...
     }
     } else if indexPath.section ==
     numberOfSectionsInTableView(tableView) - 1 {
     // ...
     } else {
     // ...
     }
     }
     

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133. func tableView(tableView: UITableView,
     cellForRowAtIndexPath: NSIndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
     switch (indexPath) {
     case (0, 0): ...
     case (0, let row): ...
     case (let section, let row) where isLastSection(section):
     ...
     case (let section, let row):
     ...
     }
     }
     

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134. Enums&for&API&Endpoints
     

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135. Consider)an)API)with)some)paths:
     • /notifications
     • /users/:username
     • /catgories/:category_id/products/:product_id
     

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136. enum ApiEndpoints {
     case Notifications
     case UserProfile(String)
     case ProductDetail(Int, Int)
     }
     

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137. enum ApiEndpoints {
     case Notifications
     case UserProfile(String)
     case ProductDetail(Int, Int)
     var path: String {
     switch(self) {
     case .Notifications: return "/notifications"
     case .UserProfile(let username):
     return "/users/\(username.stringByAddingPercentEscapes...)"
     case .ProductDetail(let categoryId, let productId):
     return "/categories/\(categoryId)/products/\(productId)"
     }
     }
     }
     

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138. ApiClient.request(.UserProfile("subdigital")) {
     ...
     }
     

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139. Swi$%is%s'll%new
     

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140. !
     

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141. "When&we&learn&a&new&programming&
     language,&we&may&need&[to]&discard&
     what&we&thought&it&should&be,&and&
     learn&what&it&will&be."
     —"a"Swi'"student
     

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142. thanks!
     @subdigital+•+@nsscreencast
     

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