Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
『プロフェッショナルSSL/TLS』読書会 第9章資料
Search
sylph01
June 22, 2018
Technology
88
0
Share
Embed
Copy iframe code
Copy JS code
Copy link
Start on current slide
『プロフェッショナルSSL/TLS』読書会 第9章資料
sylph01
June 22, 2018
More Decks by sylph01
See All by sylph01
人命を救う技術としてのEnd-to-End暗号化とMessaging Layer Security
sylph01
3
230
Updates on MLS on Ruby (and maybe more)
sylph01
1
290
End-to-End Encryption Saves Lives. You Can Start Saving Lives With Ruby, Too (RubyConf Taiwan 2025 ver.)
sylph01
1
170
PicoRuby's Networking is Incomplete
sylph01
1
280
The Definitive? Guide To Locally Organizing RubyKaigi
sylph01
9
3.9k
End-to-End Encryption Saves Lives. You Can Start Saving Lives With Ruby, Too
sylph01
1
220
End-to-End Encryption Saves Lives. You Can Start Saving Lives With Ruby, Too (JP subtitles)
sylph01
2
980
Introduction to C Extensions
sylph01
3
300
"Actual" Security in Microcontroller Ruby!?
sylph01
0
240
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
インシデント事例と パッケージの全量解析に学ぶ ソフトウェアサプライチェーンの守り方 / supply-chain-attack-defense
flatt_security
0
900
AIが当たり前の組織で エンジニアはどう育つか
nishihira
1
990
凡エンジニアがこの先生きのこるためには。〜TypeScript完全に理解したい〜
alchemy1115
2
420
Webアプリ認証の全体像 / The Big Picture of Web App Authentication
kitano_yuichi
1
430
AIエージェントがあれば技術書なんてすぐ書けるでしょ→無理でした
watany
2
290
それでも、技術なブログを書く理由 #kichijojipm / Why I Still Write Tech Blogs Even Now
shinkufencer
0
490
Multicaで30個のミニプロジェクトをAIエージェント運用して見えてきたこと
eiei114
1
630
Devsumi 2026 Summer 人もAIも使える共通基盤を事業の加速装置にする~デザインシステム運用に学ぶ組織レバレッジ~ 渡辺 凌央
legalontechnologies
PRO
1
290
Webの技術とガジェットで子どもも大人も楽しめるワクワク体験を提供する / Qiita Tech Festa Day 2026
you
PRO
1
180
ダッシュボード"開発"について 〜使われるダッシュボードのつくりかた〜
kimichan
0
200
Alphaモジュール使っていいのかい!?いけないのかい!?どっちなんだいっ!?
watany
1
320
発表と総括 / Presentations and Summary
ks91
PRO
0
190
Featured
See All Featured
10 Git Anti Patterns You Should be Aware of
lemiorhan
PRO
659
62k
Ten Tips & Tricks for a 🌱 transition
stuffmc
0
150
How Fast Is Fast Enough? [PerfNow 2025]
tammyeverts
3
660
Data-driven link building: lessons from a $708K investment (BrightonSEO talk)
szymonslowik
1
1.2k
Ruling the World: When Life Gets Gamed
codingconduct
0
290
JavaScript: Past, Present, and Future - NDC Porto 2020
reverentgeek
52
6k
GraphQLの誤解/rethinking-graphql
sonatard
75
12k
The Mindset for Success: Future Career Progression
greggifford
PRO
0
430
Impact Scores and Hybrid Strategies: The future of link building
tamaranovitovic
0
340
Navigating Team Friction
lara
192
16k
The B2B funnel & how to create a winning content strategy
katarinadahlin
PRO
1
420
A Soul's Torment
seathinner
6
3.1k
Transcript
ୈ9ষ: ύϑΥʔϚϯε ࠷దԽ @ʰϓϩϑΣογϣφϧSSL/TLSʱಡ ॻձ Ryo Kajiwara (@s01), 6/22/2018
TLS͍ ͱ͓ʔ͡ΌΜʁ
9.1 Ԇͱଓͷཧ TCPϨΠϠʔͷɻ • ଳҬ: ͓ۚͰղܾͩʂ • Ԇ: ޫͷ͞Λॻ͖͑Δʹ͍͘ΒੵΊ͍͍Ͱ͔͢
9.1 Ԇͱଓͷཧ [ఆٛ] RTT(round trip time): ϦΫΤετ͕తʹ౸ୡ͠Ϩεϙϯ ε͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ·Ͱʹ͔͔Δ࣌ؒɻ ͜͜Ͱαʔόͷॲཧ࣌ؒແࢹ͞Ε͍ͯΔͱࢥͬͯΑ͍ɻཁ͢ Δʹʢޫͷ͞ҰఆͱԾఆ͠ʣέʔϒϧͷԟ෮Ͱͷ͞ͱؔ
͕͋Δɻ 3way handshake1.5RTTɻͨͩ͠ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Β௨৴Λ։࢝͢ ΔHTTPͳͲACKͱಉ࣌ʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯσʔλΛૹ৴͢Δͷ Ͱ1RTTɻ
9.1.1 TCPͷ࠷దԽ TCP slow start: TCPͷ੍ޚํࣜɻ ૬ख͕ͲΕ͘Β͍ͷΛग़ͤΔ͔Θ͔Βͳ͍ͷͰɺ࠷ॳখ͞ ͳΟϯυ(congestion window)Λ͍ɺঃʑʹͦͷαΠζΛ ্͍͛ͯ͘ɻ
(7ষͷղઆͰHEIST߈ܸΛղઆͨ͠ࡍʹઆ໌ͨ͠Α͏ͳؾ͕͢Δ) HTTPଓ໋ͳͷͰcwnd͕খ͍͞ঢ়ଶͰӡ༻͞Ε͕ͪɻTLSϋ ϯυγΣΠΫଓͷ࠷ॳʹى͜ΔͷͰখ͍͞cwndͷӨڹΛड͚ ͕ͪɻ
9.1.1 TCPͷ࠷దԽ • Οϯυॳظͷνϡʔχϯά • ࠷ۙ10 segment㲈15KBΛॳظͱ͢Δͷ͕ਪ • idleޙͷslow startࢭ
• /etc/sysctl.conf ʹͯ net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle=0
9.1.2 ଓͷ࣋ଓੑ TCPϋϯυγΣΠΫ/TLSϋϯυγΣΠΫ͕ԆͷӨڹΛड͚͕ͪ (RTTΛ૿͕ͪ͠)ͳͷͰଓΛ։͖ͬͺʹ͍ͨ͠ɻˠkeep-alive ͨͩ͠ରԠෆेͳWebαʔό͕ͨ·ʹ͍Δɻ ҎԼͷέʔεͰ༗ར/ෆར: (+) ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ಉ͡αʔόʔʹͨ͘͞ΜͷϦΫΤετΛ͢Δ (-) ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕αʔόʔʹ1ճ͔͠ϦΫΤετΛ͠ͳ͍
9.1.3 SPDY, HTTP/2 ΈΜͳେ͖H2ͷɻ SPDY: TCPͱHTTPͷؒʹ৽ͨͳϨΠϠΛಋೖɻෳͷHTTP req/res ΛଟॏԽ͢ΔͷͰ1αʔό͋ͨΓ1ϦΫΤετɻHTTP/2ͷͱʹ ͳͬͨɻ •
TCP Fast Open: TCPϋϯυγΣΠΫ͔Β1RTTݮΒ͢ • QUIC: UDPͷ্ͰTCPͱಉ͡Α͏ͳ͜ͱͰ͖ͨΒ࠷ڧͩΑͶ
9.1.4 CDN ཧతʹࢄͨ͠େྔͷαʔόΛӡ༻ɻ • Τοδʹ͓͚ΔΩϟογϯά • ଓͷཧ • ෦ωοτϫʔΫͰଓΛظʹΘͨͬͯҡ࣋͢ΔͱଓΛ ຖճൃੜͤ͞ͳͯ͘Α͍
• ෦ωοτϫʔΫͰ࠷దͳroutingΛ͢Δ • ߋͳΔ࠷దԽͷͨΊͷಠࣗϓϩτίϧ͕͑Δ
9.2 TLSͷ࠷దԽ
9.2.1 伴ަ • 伴: ͍ͱsecure͚ͩͲͦΕ͚ͩॏ͍ɻ • ൿີ伴ΞϧΰϦζϜ • RSA࠷Ͱ2048bitҎ্ʹͳ͖ͬͯͯΔɻܭࢉྔ͕ͭΒ ͍ɻECDSAͳΒͬͱ͍ɻ
9.2.1 伴ަ • 伴ަΞϧΰϦζϜ • RSAForward Secrecy͕ͳ͍ • DHE͍ •
ΑΖ͍͠ɺͳΒECDHEͩ • secp256v1ͳΒ128bit҆શ • secp384v1ʹͯ҆͠શੑͦ͜·ͰΑ͘ͳΒͳ͍͚Ͳܭ ࢉྔ͕૿͑Δ
9.2.1 伴ަ ςετ݁Ռͷάϥϑ(p268): • RSA -> ECDHE_ECDSA ʹ͢ΔͱPFSΛಘ্ͨͰϋϯυγΣΠΫͷ ύϑΥʔϚϯε͕2ഒʹ্ʂ •
DHE1024bitͰ͢Β͍ɻ • : ΫϥΠΞϯτ࡞ۀ͕૿͑ͯͰͳ͍ɻαʔόʔͨ ͘͞ΜͷଓΛ͘͞ͷͰ࡞ۀ͕૿͑Δͱͦͷ͚ͩͭΒ͍ɻ
False Startʹ͍ͭͯ ϋϯυγΣΠΫ͕ޭ͢ΔલఏͰΞϓϦέʔγϣϯσʔλΛૹΕ ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ༷ɻ ߈ܸ͞Εͨ߹҉߸Խ͞ΕͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯσʔλͷҰ෦͕ૹ ৴͞Εͯ͠·͏ɻ·ͨɺϋϯυγΣΠΫͷશੑݕূϋϯυ γΣΠΫ͕ऴΘΒͳ͍ͱͰ͖ͳ͍ͷͰ҉߸ԽύϥϝʔλΛ߈ܸ͞ ΕΔ͜ͱ͕͋Γ͏Δɻ →Googleʮڧ͍҉߸ͬͯΕ͍͍Μ͡Όͳ͍ͷʁʯ →Logjam߈ܸʮͦΜͳ͜ͱͳ͍ʯʢڧ͍伴ަඞཁʣ
9.2.2 ূ໌ॻ • ূ໌ॻνΣʔϯඞཁ࠷ݶͷαΠζʹ͠ɺશͳνΣʔϯΛ ఏࣔ͢Δ͜ͱ • αʔόͷূ໌ॻ + ൃߦݩCAͷূ໌ॻ •
ϧʔτূ໌ॻUAͷखݩʹ͋ΔͷͰ͚ͭͳͯ͘Α͍ • શͳͷͰͳ͍ͱ୳͠ʹߦ͘ख͕ؒൃੜ • αΠζ͕খ͘͞ͳΔͷͰECDSAূ໌ॻΛ͏
9.2.2 ূ໌ॻ • 1ͭͷূ໌ॻΛෳαΠτͰڞ༗͢Δͱɺϗετ໊Λূ໌ॻʹ Ճ͠ͳ͍͚ͯ͘ͳ͘ͳͬͯূ໌ॻͷαΠζ͕͘ͳΔ • ओʹSNIඇରԠΫϥΠΞϯτରࡦͱ͍͏͚ΕͲɺͦͦ͜ Μͳ͜ͱ͠ͳ͍ͷ͕ਖ਼͍͠ͷͰ…ʁ • ͱ͍͑ɺCloudFlareܦ༝ͷGitHub
PagesͷSSLԽͩͱ SubjectAltName͕ࢁ΄Ͳ͍ͭͯ͘Δͷͩͬͨ • ࠷ۙͦͷඞཁͳ͘ͳͬͨ
9.2.3 ࣦޮͷ֬ೝ • CRLͰͳ͘OCSPΛ͏ɻCRL͘ͳΓ͕ͪɻ • ߴͳOCSPϨεϙϯμΛඋ͑ͨCAΛ͏ • OCSP staplingΛ͏ EVৗʹࣦޮ֬ೝΛ͢Δ͕DVඞͣͦ͠ͷݶΓͰͳ͍ͷͰEV
ΑΓDVͷ΄͏͕͍ʂEVΦϫίϯʂʁˠOCSP stapling͢Εύ ϑΥʔϚϯεมΘΒͳ͍ͷͰͦΜͳ͜ͱͳ͍ɻ
9.2.4 ηογϣϯϦβϯϓγϣϯ ϑϧϋϯυγΣΠΫͷ͕ݮΕݮΔ΄ͲΑ͍ɻsession cacheΛద ʹઃఆ͠Α͏ɻ
9.2.5 సૹͷΦʔόʔϔου TLSͷసૹ୯ҐTLSϨίʔυ(௨ৗ16384byte)ɻ͜͜ʹσʔλ͕ଟ ͘ೖΕೖΔ΄Ͳޮ͕Α͍ɻ σʔλҎ֎ͷ෦ͱϔομɺMACɺύσΟϯάɺIVͳͲɻ AEADͩͱΦʔόʔϔου͕খ͍͞ɻMAC-then-Encryptͷ᠘ͷӨڹ ड͚ͳ͍͠ɺTLS 1.2Ҏ߱ͷAEADར༻ηΩϡϦςΟͰύ ϑΥʔϚϯεͰ༏ΕͯΔͱΘ͔Δɻ
9.2.6 ڞ௨伴҉߸Խํࣜ AES-NIରԠϚγϯΛ͑ɻ/proc/cpuinfoͷflagsʹaesͬͯೖͬͯ Εokɻ • AES͍ɻRC4͍͚Ͳ੬ऑͳͷͰ͏ཧ༝͕ͳ͍ɻ • CAMELLIAͱAESΞΫηϥϨʔγϣϯ͕͋ΔͱAESͷ΄͏͕2.77 ഒ͍ɻ •
SHA256SHA-1ΑΓ͍ɻํͳ͍Ͷɻ • AEAD(GCMϞʔυ)CBCϞʔυͱൺ͍ͯɻᘳͰʁ
9.2.7 TLSϨίʔυͷόοϑΝ… TLSϨίʔυ͕ෳύέοτʹׂ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕͋Δɻͦͷ߹Ͱ TLSϨίʔυ͕શʹἧ͏·Ͱ෮߸Խ/શੑݕূ͕Ͱ͖ͳ ͍ɻ TLSϨίʔυαΠζͷௐ͕Ͱ͖ΔWebαʔόͳΒϨίʔυαΠζ ΛԼ͛Δํ๏͋Δɻ MTU - IPv6
header - TCP header - TCP record = data size MTU͕มԽ͠͏Δ͜ͱʹҙɻ
9.2.8 ૬ޓӡ༻ੑ ৽͍͠ϓϩτίϧΛαʔόʔ͕ड͚͚ͳ͍ͱࣗಈతʹ࠶ωΰγ Τʔγϣϯ͕ൃੜͯ͠͠·͍RTT͕૿͑Δɻ͓ͱͳ͘͠࠷৽όʔ δϣϯ/࠷৽֦ுʹରԠͤ͞Δͷ͕Α͍ɻ
9.2.9 ϋʔυΣΞΞΫηϥϨʔγϣ ϯ ݱతʹαʔό͕҉߸νοϓΛผʹ࣋ͭཧ༝ύϑΥʔϚϯε ໘Ͱ΄ͱΜͲଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ɻͲͪΒ͔ͱ͍͏ͱHSM(hardware security module)ͱͯ͠ͷ༻్ɻ
9.3 DoS߈ܸ TLSʹؔͳ͍ରࡦͱͯ͠ • গͷIPΞυϨε͔ΒདྷΔ߹throttling • αʔόΛ૿͢ʢࡳଋͰԥΔʣ • ͦΕͰແཧͳΒDDoSରࡦઐۀऀΛཔΔʢΓࡳଋͰԥ Δʣ
9.3.1 伴ަͱ҉߸Խʹର͢ΔCPUͷ ίετ RSAͰެ։伴ͷॲཧʢʹΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ΔʣΑΓൿີ伴ͷ ॲཧʢʹαʔό͕Δʣͷ΄͏͕ॏ͍ɻ →ECDSAΛ͑ɻ
9.3.2 ΫϥΠΞϯτىݯͷ࠶ωΰγ Τʔγϣϯ ͜Ε͕ՄೳͳΒɺಉҰଓͰେྔͷϋϯυγΣΠΫΛൃੜͤ͞Β ΕΔͷͰɺthrottlingͷҙຯ͕ͳ͍ɻ IIS 6ɺApache 2.2.15Ҏ߱ͰΫϥΠΞϯτىݯͷ࠶ωΰγΤʔ γϣϯରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ʢNginxͦͦ࠷ॳ͔Βͳ͍ʣͷͰݱ తʹ΄΅ͳ͍ɻηΩϡϦςΟ্ͷ੬ऑੑ͋Γ͏ΔͷͰ
Θͳ͍΄͏͕͍͍ػೳͰ͢Ͷʢˠ7.1ষʣɻ
9.3.3 TLSʹର͢ΔDoS߈ܸͷ࠷దԽ : DoS߈ܸͷ࠷దԽͰ͢ɻ • ҉߸ॲཧΛ͠ͳ͍ϋϯυγΣΠΫϝοηʔδΛϋʔυίʔυ • αʔό͔Βड͚औͬͨϝοηʔδͷparse/ݕূΛলུ ͢Δͱαʔόʹ࠷ޙ·Ͱ༗ޮͳϋϯυγΣΠΫʹݟ͑ΔͷͰɺ αʔόͰܭࢉ͕ͬͯ͠·͏ɻαʔόʹରͯ͠ʮޮΑ͘ʯ
ʮܭࢉΛͤ͞Δʯ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͯ͠·͏ɻ͜ΕΛΔͷ͕ sslsqueezeɻ