it more attractive Community Strengthen the identity of the area in the minds of the people that live, work, visit and pass through Artists Provide an outlet for artists to exhibit their work Shared technology making Urbanisation of shared technology making situates in: − Hacking and its cultural, political and philosophical transformations (Coleman, 2013; Powell, 2016; Schrock, 2016) − Open data, government (Bates, 2013; Johnson et al, 2017) − Open innovation, exploitation & neoliberal co-optation (Ettlinger, 2017; Gregg, 2015; Zandbergen) − Smart, neoliberal citizenship (Shelton et al., 2015; Wiig, 2016; Cardullo and Kitchin, 2017) − Feminist coding/making subjectivities (Rosner and Fox, 2016; Toupin, 2014)
it more attractive Community Strengthen the identity of the area in the minds of the people that live, work, visit and pass through Artists Provide an outlet for artists to exhibit their work Shared technology making Informational right to the city: a Marxist approach ‘And more importantly, to approach the ultimate question of democracy and a right to the city: “How do we get rid of you?” In doing so, we hope to avoid a post-political reading of Lefebvre (Purcell 2002), and will achieve this by directing our discussion to three principles for properly political acts: a need to enunciate dissent, traverse the fantasies of the elites, and refuse to act as we are invited (Swyngedouw 2011).’ (Shaw & Graham, 2017: 909)
it more attractive Community Strengthen the identity of the area in the minds of the people that live, work, visit and pass through Artists Provide an outlet for artists to exhibit their work Shared technology making Rights to urbanising shared technology making: How? ‘And more importantly, to approach the ultimate question of democracy and a right to the city: “How do we get rid of you?” In doing so, we hope to avoid a post-political reading of Lefebvre (Purcell 2002), and will achieve this by directing our discussion to three principles for properly political acts: a need to enunciate dissent, traverse the fantasies of the elites, and refuse to act as we are invited (Swyngedouw 2011).’ (Shaw & Graham, 2017: 909)
it more attractive Community Strengthen the identity of the area in the minds of the people that live, work, visit and pass through Artists Provide an outlet for artists to exhibit their work Shared technology making Rights to urbanising shared technology making, by focusing on Multiple rationalities and practices that are agonistic (Marres, 2012; Mouffe; 2013) Taking a pragmatist approach, the exploration of such multiplicity attends ‘to the process by which entanglements of issues and actors come to specified. … To adopt a pragmatist sensitivity to problems of relevance is, then, to adopt a political ontology that ... conceives of issue specification as a wider material, technical, political and social process’ (Marres, 2012: 54–5; original emphasis)
it more attractive Community Strengthen the identity of the area in the minds of the people that live, work, visit and pass through Artists Provide an outlet for artists to exhibit their work Shared technology making Rights to urbanising shared technology making, by focusing on Multiple existing and resisting (Gabrys, 2016) Drawing on Foucault and Simondon, Gabrys (2016: 271–2) argues that politics runs through all possible ways of life and therefore it is necessary to reroute or rearrange power relations through thorough and creative explorations of other forms of engagements and experiments for extending participatory agency.
it more attractive Community Strengthen the identity of the area in the minds of the people that live, work, visit and pass through Artists Provide an outlet for artists to exhibit their work Shared technology making Reclaiming rights to urbanising shared technology making through: both ‘railing at those who put us here’ in precarious and entrepreneurial city making, and also exploring gaps and patches in the neoliberal ruins to find possibilities of shared technology making without assuming ‘harmony or conquest’ as results (Tsing, 2016: 3-5)
it more attractive Community Strengthen the identity of the area in the minds of the people that live, work, visit and pass through Artists Provide an outlet for artists to exhibit their work Starting from hackathons Why hackathons? Neoliberal and entrepreneurial co-optation of hacking in the urbanisation of shared technology making. Examining them in detail and also other hacking practices offers possibilities of critical reflections and explorations of emergent social, technological, organisational and political arrangements that reconfigure neoliberal and entrepreneurial co-optation of shared technology making.
it more attractive Community Strengthen the identity of the area in the minds of the people that live, work, visit and pass through Artists Provide an outlet for artists to exhibit their work Analysis draws on: A snapshot of hackathons by using Eventbrite API (370+ events), 2 case studies of hacking practices in Dublin and Boston, including ethnography and interviews with programmers and organisers of diverse hacking initiatives, & also Civic hacking preparation workshop in London
(2013), Briscoe and Mulligan (2014) & Van Waart et al (2015) Main type Sub-type Definitions and examples Tech-centric Single-application Focus on particular applications, e.g. a O/FSS project Application type Specific platforms, e.g. mobile applications, games Technology-specific Develop specific software languages or frameworks Focus-centric Socially-oriented Address social concerns, e.g. public services Demographic- specific Intended for, e.g. women or teenagers Company-internal For company’s engineering staff, e.g. Facebook Data-centric Focus on using the data provided by organisers Business- centric Focus on developing future products and business concepts
Other Tech Prof. Domain Experts Communities Civic Individuals Tech Mentors Non-tech Mentors To Set Challenges To Broad Issues Propose Problems Set Problems Cash Placement Visibility Entrepreneurship Recruitment Societal Corporation Industry University Civic Tech Enthusiasts Government Organisers Wider Stakeholders Skills, Expertise and Knowledges Project Proposition Rewards
Technologies Professional Dev Other Tech Prof. Domain Experts Communities Civic Individuals Tech Mentors Non-tech Mentors To Set Challenges To Broad Issues Propose Problems Set Problems Cash Placement Visibility Entrepreneurship Recruitment Societal Corporation Industry University Civic Tech Enthusiasts Government Organisers Wider Stakeholders Skills, Expertise and Knowledges Project Proposition Rewards Governments Societies Sciences Technologies Communities Civic To Broad Issues Propose Problems Set Problems Recruitment Societal Corporations Industries Professional Dev Other Tech Prof. Domain Experts Individuals Tech Mentors Non-tech Mentors To Set Challenges Cash Placement Visibility Entrepreneurship Corporation Industry University Civic Tech Enthusiasts Government Organisers Wider Stakeholders Skills, Expertise and Knowledges Project Proposition Rewards
Technologies Professional Dev Other Tech Prof. Domain Experts Communities Civic Individuals Tech Mentors Non-tech Mentors To Set Challenges To Broad Issues Propose Problems Set Problems Cash Placement Visibility Entrepreneurship Recruitment Societal Corporation Industry University Civic Tech Enthusiasts Government Organisers Wider Stakeholders Skills, Expertise and Knowledges Project Proposition Rewards Corporations Industries Governments Societies Sciences Technologies Professional Dev Other Tech Prof. Domain Experts Communities Civic Individuals Tech Mentors Non-tech Mentors To Set Challenges To Broad Issues Propose Problems Set Problems Cash Placement Visibility Entrepreneurship Recruitment Societal Corporation Industry University Civic Tech Enthusiasts Government Organisers Wider Stakeholders Skills, Expertise and Knowledges Project Proposition Rewards
Expertise and Knowledges Project Proposition Rewards Governments Technologies Individuals Tech Mentors Set Problems Cash Placement Recruitment Corporations Industries Societies Sciences Professional Dev Other Tech Prof. Domain Experts Communities Civic Non-tech Mentors To Set Challenges To Broad Issues Propose Problems Visibility Entrepreneurship Societal Corporation Industry University Civic Tech Enthusiasts Government Organisers Wider Stakeholders Skills, Expertise and Knowledges Project Proposition Rewards Industries Governments Sciences Technologies Individuals Tech Mentors To Set Challenges Set Problems Cash Placement Recruitment Corporations Societies Professional Dev Other Tech Prof. Domain Experts Communities Civic Non-tech Mentors To Broad Issues Propose Problems Visibility Entrepreneurship Societal Corporation Industry University Civic Tech Enthusiasts Government
proposition Rewards Examples Entrepreneurs hip machines Corporations (local and multinational) and industries Professionals in tech, individuals, and tech & non-tech mentors Responding to pre- arranged challenges Cash, visibility (product & personnel) and entrepreneurship Angelhack hackathons; AI Hackathon Series State economic machines Corporations, industries and government agencies Professional developers, individuals and tech mentors Responding to pre- arranged challenges Cash, visibility, entrepreneurship and recruitment Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados; Garage48 Open innovation instruments Corporations, industries, government agencies and tech enthusiasts Professionals in tech, domain experts, individuals and tech & non-tech mentors Responding to pre- arranged challenges Cash, visibility, entrepreneurship, recruitment and societal Deutsche Bahn Hackathon; Hacking Health Specialist dives Corporations, industries and tech enthusiasts Professional developers, domain experts and tech mentors Responding to pre- arranged challenges or problems Cash and recruitment Viper (on digital payment) Appropriating research and innovation Corporations, industries, universities, societies Professional in tech, domain experts, communities and non- tech mentors Responding to broad issues or pre- arranged challenges Visibility, entrepreneurship and societal Open Geneva Hackathon; Unihack Civic appropriations Corporations and civic organisations Professional in tech, domain experts, communities, civic organisations, non-tech mentors Responding to broad issues, proposed problems or specific problems Visibility, entrepreneurship and societal Techfugees; Random Hacks of Kindness
local and multinational corporations and diverse industries involved in organising and sponsoring hackathons, can certainly lead to the argument that the business-led, utopian and entrepreneurial developments of cities and civic subjectivities (Datta, 2015; Hollands, 2008; Irani, 2015) extends its grip on hacking as a form of shared technology and city making processes Entangled rationalities and practices
diversified but also how entangled hacking events have become, it can also be argued that the removal of the entrepreneurial or capitalist co-optation in its entirety also risks ignoring and eradicating the complex relations that people have built around it and more importantly their capabilities to mould and move hacking into something else when entrepreneurial co-optation is seemingly in full swing Entangled rationalities and practices
conviviality and painful ignorance Engine of innovation and uncertain exploration Neoliberal and technocratic rationality critiqued Entangled rationalities and practices
dealing with the quantification of human eating behavior and the applications of such data. Not only can attendees make a huge impact with their ideas, as eating affects all areas of human life, but there is also a $5000 prize pool.’ (Website) Entangled rationalities and practices
a lot of contextual influence and environmental influence in what we eat. It is hard to study that, it is kind of in the spectrum of the most complex part in this scenario, from the individual more into the environment. So we got a glimpse of that with those talks and I think the artist also provided a more broader sort of, they brought out that component, but it is probably the hardest part to integrate.’ (Interview with organisers) Entangled rationalities and practices
specifically engage with user perspectives that are left out of a design regime dominated by Western universalism, including perspectives from women, communities of color, children, low-resource contexts, and the Global South [12]. Because these perspectives are marginal and often overlooked, designers need learning experiences to appreciate the concerns, constraints, and opportunities afforded by them’ (D’Ignazio et al., 2016: 2614). Entangled rationalities and practices
Entrepreneurial hackathons as symptoms of the failure of the neoliberal city and technology making Rehearsing hacking sensibility & ignoring co-optation Organisation practices shaping hacking processes Entrepreneurial practices and resources repurposed Hacking and innovation critiqued Entangled rationalities and practices
and ‘best practices circulated within the epistemic community of hacking events and public...) ‘... when [the organiser] said that at the beginning how this weekend is not the weekend to learn now to programme in some new language or use some new framework that you have been dying to use. When he said that it was like, yes you are totally right, I need to get that out my head and we basically just moved for some technology that we knew already.’ (Interview) Entangled rationalities and practices
methods well adopted for design for user experience and user interface have been adapted for formulating hackathon problems. (Civic hackathon preparation workshop observation) Entangled rationalities and practices
experiences explicit: ‘feminist HCI approach in our design process, namely by including and explicitly valuing as expert knowledge the voices and ideas of mothers at every event’ and conversed with ‘around 25 midwives, mothers, lactation consultants, public health researchers, designers and engineers in an open-ended brainstorming session and conversation about the breast pump’ to identify various social and technological ‘pain points’, before turning them into a call for ideas to the public for potential project ideas’ (D’Ignazio et al., 2016: 2614–5). Entangled rationalities and practices
unexpected gaps and irregular patches created by these entanglements in the homogenising attempts of the entrepreneurial urbanisation of shared technology making Asking if such variability can be further enhanced by experimenting practical arrangements and assembling the parts, while remaining open and sensitive to critiques, to draw out opportunities for shared technology making
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