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Git ハンズオン Part 1 / Git Handson Part 1
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takasp
September 25, 2018
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Git ハンズオン Part 1 / Git Handson Part 1
takasp
September 25, 2018
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Transcript
Git ϋϯζΦϯ Part 1 # גࣜձࣾΤΞʔΫϩʔθοτ ࣾษڧձ Vol.3 @takasp 20189݄25
͜ͷࢿྉɺ ɾGit ͕ΠϯετʔϧࡁΈͰ͋Δ͜ͱ ɾGitHub ͷΞΧϯτΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔ͜ͱ Λલఏͱ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
͢͜ͱ • Git ͷ֓ཁ • Git ͷίϚϯυ • Git ͷίϚϯυΛͬͨϋϯζΦϯ
ຊѻ͏ Git ίϚϯυ • git add • git commit •
git push • git branch • git status • git merge • git init • git log • git clone • git pull • git diff • git config • git checkout
Git ͷ֓ཁ
Git ͱ • มߋཤྺΛهɾ͢ΔͨΊͷ ࢄܕόʔδϣϯཧγεςϜʢVCSʣ • Linux Χʔωϧͷιʔείʔυཧʹ ༻͍ΔͨΊʹϦʔφεɾτʔόϧζʹΑͬͯ ։ൃ͞Εͨ
ϑΝΠϧΛཧ͢Δ • ԿΛཧ͍ͨ͠ͷ͔ʁ • ୭͕ʁ • ͍ͭʁ • ͲͷϑΝΠϧΛʁ •
ԿΛมߋͨ͠ʁ JOEFY@࠷ऴ൛IUNM JOEFY@࠷ऴ൛IUNM JOEFY@OFXIUNM JOEFY@OFXIUNM JOEFY@IUNM JOEFY@IUNM JOEFY@IUNM JOEFYIUNM
Git ΛͬͨྲྀΕ 1 )5.-ϑΝΠϧ ΛՃ commit1 HEAD దͳίϛοτ ϝοηʔδΛ͚ͭΔ HEAD:
ݱࡏΛࢦࣔ͢͠࡞ۀঢ়ଶ commit: มߋͷཤྺΛهͨ͠ͷ
Git ΛͬͨྲྀΕ 1 2 )5.-ϑΝΠϧ ΛՃ JNHλάΛՃ commit1 commit2 HEAD
ίϛοτΛՃͨ͠ ίϛοτΛՃ͢Δͱ HEAD͕ਐΉ
Git ΛͬͨྲྀΕ 1 2 3 )5.-ϑΝΠϧ ΛՃ JNHλάΛՃ UJUMFΛมߋ commit1
commit2 commit3 HEAD ίϛοτΛՃͨ͠ ߋʹHEAD͕ਐΉ
Git ΛͬͨྲྀΕ 1 2 3 4 )5.-ϑΝΠϧ ΛՃ JNHλάΛՃ UJUMFΛมߋ
DTTΛमਖ਼ HEAD commit1 commit2 commit3 commit4 ίϛοτΛաڈʹ ḪΔ͜ͱͰ͖Δ
ϒϥϯν 1 2 3 4 merge merge: ϒϥϯνಉ࢜Λ ݁߹͢Δػೳ 2
5 feature ϒϥϯν fix ϒϥϯν ϝΠϯͷϒϥϯν branch: ཤྺΛࢬ͔Εͤͯ͞ ه͢Δػೳ
ࢄܕͱूதܕ தԝϦϙδτϦ ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦ ूதܕ ࢄܕ ొ ొ औಘ औಘ ొ
औಘ ίϛοτ ొ औಘ ίϛοτ ϩʔΧϧ ϦϙδτϦ ϩʔΧϧ ϦϙδτϦ
ϦϙδτϦ ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦ ϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦ ϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦ ϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦ ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦʹ ࡞ۀऀ͕ΞΫηεͯ͠ɺ ϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦΛ ௨ͯ͠ΓͱΓ͢Δ ϦϙδτϦ:
όʔδϣϯཧΛ ߦ͏ॴ
ओཁͳ Git ϗεςΟϯάαʔϏε
ίϚϯυϥΠϯͰ֮͑Α͏ • ࠷ऴతʹ GUI Λͬͯྑ͍͕ɺ ෦ͰΘΕΔίϚϯυͷҙຯ͕͔ͬͯ Θͳ͍ͱɺԿΛ͢Δͷ͔͔Γʹ͍͘ • ෦ͰΘΕΔίϚϯυͱ GUI
ͷ໊শ͕ ҟͳΔ͜ͱ͕͋Δ • ωοτͰௐΔͱίϚϯυ͕ग़ͯ͘Δ
࠷ݶ͓͖͍֮͑ͯͨ Linux ίϚϯυ • pwd (print working directory) : ݱࡏͷσΟϨΫτϦΛදࣔ͢Δ
• cd (change directory) : ଞͷσΟϨΫτϦʹҠಈ͢Δ • ls (list) : ݱࡏͷσΟϨΫτϦͷσΟϨΫτϦϑΝΠϧΛදࣔ͢Δ • mkdir (make directory) : σΟϨΫτϦΛ࡞͢Δ • mv (move) : ϑΝΠϧΛҠಈ͢Δ • cp (copy) : ϑΝΠϧΛίϐʔ͢Δ • rm (remove) : ϑΝΠϧσΟϨΫτϦΛআ͢Δ
ࣄલ४උ
git config Ͱઃఆ͠Α͏ • ϢʔβʔใΛઃఆ͢Δ • editor ͷઃఆʢVisual Studio Code
Ͱىಈ͢Δྫʣ • ઃఆΛ֬ೝ͢Δ git config --global user.name takasp git config --global user.email
[email protected]
git config --global core.editor "code --wait" git config --global --list
ϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦΛ࡞͢Δ • λʔϛφϧ͔ΒҙͷσΟϨΫτϦΛ࡞͠ ͯҠಈ͢Δ • ϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦΛ࡞͢Δ mkdir git-handson01 cd
git-handson01 git init
ίϛοτ͢ΔྲྀΕΛ֮͑Α͏
ίϛοτ͢ΔྲྀΕ ϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦ ϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦʹ ίϛοτ͢Δ εςʔδʹҠಈ͢Δ ϑΝΠϧΛมߋ͢Δ
ϑΝΠϧΛ࡞͢Δ • ҎԼͷςΩετΛؚΉ README.md ϑΝΠϧ Λ࡞͢Δ # Git ॳΊͯͷ Git
ϑΝΠϧͰ͢ɻ ֯εϖʔε 2 ݸΛ ޙΖʹೖΕ͓ͯ͘ͱվߦʹͳΔ (markdown ه๏)
ঢ়ଶΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • git status ίϚϯυͰݱࡏͷঢ়ଶΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • ͢ΔͱҎԼͷΑ͏ͳද͕ࣔ͞ΕΔ git status README.md
ϑΝΠϧ͕͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ ݱࡏ master ϒϥϯνʹ͍Δ ࠔͬͨΒ͙͢ʹHJUTUBUVTΛ͢Δ͜ͱʂ ݱࡏʹର͢Δඞཁͳ͜ͱΛڭ͑ͯ͘ΕΔ
Ճͨ͠ϑΝΠϧΛεςʔδʹ Ҡಈ͢Δ • git add ίϚϯυͰϑΝΠϧΛՃ͢Δ git add README.md εςʔδʹҠಈ͍ͨ͠
ϑΝΠϧ໊Λࢦఆ͢Δ
ঢ়ଶΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • ࠶ͼ git status ίϚϯυͰঢ়ଶΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • ͢ΔͱҎԼͷΑ͏ͳද͕ࣔ͞ΕΔ git status
README.md ϑΝΠϧ͕ίϛοτରʹͳͬͨ
ίϛοτ͢Δ • git commit ίϚϯυͰίϛοτ͢Δ git commit -m 'READMEΛՃͨ͠' NΦϓγϣϯίϛοτϝοηʔδΛࢦఆ͢Δ
NΦϓγϣϯΛࢦఆ͠ͳ͍߹ɺ DPSFFEJUPSͰઃఆͨ͠ΤσΟλΛىಈ͢Δ ίϛοτ ϝοηʔδΛ ࢦఆ͢Δ
ঢ়ଶΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • ࠶ͼ git status ίϚϯυͰঢ়ଶΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • ͢ΔͱҎԼͷΑ͏ͳද͕ࣔ͞ΕΔ git status
ίϛοτର͕ͳ͘ͳͬͨ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δ
ίϛοτΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • git log ίϚϯυͰίϛοτϩάΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • ͢ΔͱҎԼͷΑ͏ͳද͕ࣔ͞ΕΔ git log ίϛοτϝοηʔδͱ
୭͕͍ͭίϛοτ͔͕ͨ͠Θ͔Δ
࠶ϑΝΠϧΛมߋ͢Δ • README.md ʹҎԼͷςΩετΛՃ͢Δ # Git ॳΊͯͷ Git ϑΝΠϧͰ͢ɻ
ଓ͍ͯՃͷίϛοτΛߦ͍·͢ɻ ՃߦͷςΩετ ֯εϖʔε 2 ݸΛ ޙΖʹೖΕΔ
ࠩΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • git diff ίϚϯυͰࠩΛ֬ೝ͢Δ Ҏલͷ README.md ͱ ݱࡏมߋͨ͠ README.md
ͷࠩΛදࣔͯ͘͠ΕΔ
࠶εςʔδʹՃͯ͠ ίϛοτ͢Δ • ࠶ git add ίϚϯυͰεςʔδʹՃ͠ɺ git commit ίϚϯυͰίϛοτ͢Δ
git add README.md git commit -m 'READMEʹίϛοτจΛՃͨ͠'
ίϛοτΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • ࠶ git log ίϚϯυͰίϛοτϩάΛ ֬ೝ͢Δ • ͢ΔͱҎԼͷΑ͏ͳද͕ࣔ͞ΕΔ ίϛοτ͕Ճ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕
Θ͔Δ
git add ίϚϯυͷิ • git add . ͰΧϨϯτσΟϨΫτϦҎԼͷϑΝΠϧશͯ ΛεςʔδʹҠಈ͢Δ •
-A ·ͨ --all ΦϓγϣϯͰมߋͨ͠ϑΝΠϧ৽نͰ ࡞ͨ͠ϑΝΠϧΛશͯεςʔδʹҠಈ͢Δ • εςʔδʹҠಈ͍ͨ͠ϑΝΠϧΛ֬ೝ͍ͨ͠߹ɺ git status Ͱ֬ೝ͠ͳ͕Β֤ϑΝΠϧΛҠಈ͢Δͱྑ͍ git add . ϐϦΦυΧϨϯτσΟϨΫτϦΛҙຯ͢Δ
git commit ίϚϯυͷิ • git commit . ͰσΟϨΫτϦԼͷطͷ ϑΝΠϧΛશͯίϛοτ͢Δ
※ ৽نϑΝΠϧؚ·ͳ͍ • git commit -a طͷϑΝΠϧΛશͯίϛοτ͢Δ ˞ ৽نϑΝΠϧؚ·ͳ͍ • git commit -am '<MSG>' Ͱมߋͷ͋ΔϑΝΠϧΛίϛοτ ϝοηʔδ͖ͰίϛοτͰ͖Δ
͜Ε·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ ͦͷ1 • git init : ϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦΛ࡞͢Δ • git add
: εςʔδϯάʹϑΝΠϧΛՃ͢Δ • git commit : ͦͷ࣌Λه͢Δ • git diff : ࠩΛݟΔ • git status : ݱࡏͷঢ়ଶΛݟΔ • git log : ݱࡏͷίϛοτϩάΛݟΔ
ϒϥϯνΛ࡞ͯ͠ Ϛʔδͯ͠ΈΑ͏
ϒϥϯν࡞ͯ͠Ϛʔδ͢ΔྲྀΕ 1 2 3 merge 2 3 task ϒϥϯν master
ϒϥϯν
ϒϥϯνΛ࡞͢Δ • git branch ίϚϯυͰϒϥϯνΛ࡞͢Δ git branch task1 ࡞͍ͨ͠ϒϥϯν໊Λ ࢦఆ͢Δ
• git branch ίϚϯυͰϒϥϯνΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • ͢ΔͱҎԼͷΑ͏ͳද͕ࣔ͞ΕΔ ࡞ͨ͠ϒϥϯνΛ֬ೝ͢Δ git branch task1
ϒϥϯν͕࡞͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δ
࡞ͨ͠ϒϥϯνʹΓସ͑Δ • git checkout ίϚϯυͰϒϥϯνΛ Γସ͑Δ git checkout task1 Γସ͍͑ͨϒϥϯν໊Λ
ࢦఆ͢Δ
• git branch ίϚϯυͰϒϥϯνΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • ͢ΔͱҎԼͷΑ͏ͳද͕ࣔ͞ΕΔ • ͘͠ git status
ίϚϯυͰ֬ೝͰ͖Δ Γସ͑ͨϒϥϯνΛ֬ೝ͢Δ git branch task1 ϒϥϯνΓସΘ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δ task1 ϒϥϯνͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δ
master ϒϥϯνʹΔ • git checkout ίϚϯυͰ master ϒϥϯνʹ Γସ͑Δ git
checkout master master ϒϥϯνΛࢦఆ͢Δ
ϒϥϯνΛ࡞ͯ͠Γସ͑Δ • git checkout ίϚϯυͰϒϥϯνΛ࡞ͯ͠ Γସ͑Δ git checkout -b task2
࡞ۀΛ࢝ΊΔͱ͖ɺ checkout ίϚϯυͱ -b ΦϓγϣϯΛ Α͘͏ Cࢦఆͨ͠ϒϥϯνΛ࡞ͯ͠Γସ͑Δ
ϑΝΠϧΛมߋ͢Δ • README.md ʹҎԼͷςΩετΛՃ͢Δ # Git ॳΊͯͷ Git ϑΝΠϧͰ͢ɻ
ଓ͍ͯՃͷίϛοτΛߦ͍·͢ɻ ଓ͍ͯϚʔδΛߦ͍·͢ɻ ՃߦͷςΩετ ֯εϖʔε 2 ݸΛ ޙΖʹೖΕΔ
εςʔδʹՃͯ͠ίϛοτ͢Δ • git commit -am ίϚϯυͰίϛοτ͢Δ git commit -am 'READMEʹϚʔδจΛՃͨ͠'
master ϒϥϯνʹΔ • git checkout ίϚϯυͰ master ϒϥϯνʹ Γସ͑Δ git
checkout master
master ϒϥϯνʹมߋΛ Ϛʔδ͢Δ • git merge ίϚϯυͰ master ϒϥϯνʹ task2
ϒϥϯνΛ౷߹͢Δ git merge task2 ϚʔδݩͷϒϥϯνΛࢦఆ͢Δͱ ݱࡏͷϒϥϯνʹϚʔδ͞ΕΔ
ίϛοτΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • git log ίϚϯυͰίϛοτϩάΛ֬ೝ͢Δ • ͢ΔͱҎԼͷΑ͏ͳද͕ࣔ͞ΕΔ
task2 ͷίϛοτ͕ Ճ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δ
͜Ε·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ ͦͷ2 • git branch : ϒϥϯνΛ࡞ͨ͠Γɺϒϥϯν Λ֬ೝͨ͠Γ͢Δ • git
checkout : ϒϥϯνΛΓସ͑Δ • git merge : ϒϥϯνಉ࢜ΛϚʔδ͢Δ
ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦͱ ࿈ܞͯ͠ΈΑ͏
ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦͱ࿈ܞ͢ΔྲྀΕ ϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦ ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦ ϓογϡ ϓϧ ϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦʹ ίϛοτ͢Δ
ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦΛ࡞͢Δ • GitHub ͷτοϓϖʔδʹΞΫηεͯ͠ɺNew repository ͔ΒϦϙδτϦΛ࡞͢Δ New repository Λ ΫϦοΫ
Create repository Λ ΫϦοΫ git-handson ͱ ೖྗ
push ίϚϯυΛ ίϐʔͯ͠λʔϛφϧ ͔Β࣮ߦ͢Δ
push ͯ͠ϒϥβΛ ߋ৽͢Δͱϓογϡ͕ ͍ྃͯ͠Δ
git pull • νʔϜ։ൃ͍ͯ͠Δ߹ʹɺϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦ͕ ߋ৽͞ΕΔͷͰมߋΛऔΓࠐΉͨΊʹ git pull ίϚϯυͰ ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦ͔ΒϩʔΧϧϦϙδτϦʹมߋΛ औΓࠐΉ࣌ʹ༻͢Δ
˞ checkout ͢Δͱ͖ݱࡏͷϒϥϯνΛݩʹϒϥϯνΛ ࡞͢ΔͷͰ git pull Λͯ͠࠷৽ʹ͓ͯ͘͠ඞཁ͕͋Δ git pull origin master origin : ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦͷผ໊
git clone • ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦ͕࡞͞Ε͍ͯΔ߹ʹ git clone ίϚϯυͰϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦΛ ϩʔΧϧʹऔಘ͢Δ࣌ʹ༻͢Δ git clone
https://github.com/takasp/example.git ϦϙδτϦͷ URL Λࢦఆ͢Δ
GitHub Ͱͷ࣮ࡍͷ࡞ۀϑϩʔ master ϒϥϯν feature ϒϥϯνͳͲ ᶃ pull ͯ͠ ࠷৽ʹ͢Δ
ᶅ ίϛοτ͢Δ ᶆ GitHub ʹ push ͢Δ ᶄ checkout ͢Δ ᶇ Pull Request Λ͛Δ NBTUFSϒϥϯνΛ ࠷৽ʹͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰ NBTUFSϒϥϯν͔Β DIFDLPVU͠ͳ͍ͱ ݹ͍··ͳͷͰҙ
͜Ε·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ ͦͷ3 • git push : ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦʹϓογϡ͢Δ • git pull
: ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦ͔ΒมߋΛऔಘ ͢Δ • git clone : ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦ͔ΒϩʔΧϧʹ ϦϙδτϦΛऔಘ͢Δ
ԋश
ԋश • άϧʔϓΛ࡞Γ·͢ • νʔϜͷҰਓ͕ GitHub ্ʹϦϙδτϦΛ ࡞ͯ͠ɺΫϩʔϯ͠·͢ • Git
ͷίϚϯυͷҙຯΛҰͭͣͭௐ·ͱΊͯɺ ίϛοτɺϓογϡ͠߹͍·͠ΐ͏
͍͞͝ʹ
Git ։ൃ͢Δ্Ͱͷ σϑΝΫτελϯμʔυ
ԿࣄखΛಈ͔͞ͳ͍ͱ ֮͑ΒΕͳ͍ͷͰɺ ࣗͷखΛಈ͔֮ͯ͑͠Α͏
·ͱΊ
·ͱΊ • Git ͷ֓ཁ Git ΛͬͨྲྀΕΛ͑ͨ • Git ͷίϚϯυʹ৮Εͨ •
Git ΛͬͯखΛಈ͔ͯ͠Έͨ • ։ൃ͢Δ্Ͱ Git σϑΝΫτελϯμʔυ
Part 1 ͓ΘΓ
Appendix
ࢀߟจݙ • Git͕ɺ͓͠Ζ͍΄ͲΘ͔Δجຊͷ͍ํ33 • https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git • https://git-scm.com/book/ja/v1/͍࢝ΊΔ-࠷ॳͷGitͷߏ • https://qiita.com/uasi/items/69368c17c79e99aaddbf •
https://qiita.com/takeo-asai/items/9bc7e25cd94cd8c9adee • http://www-creators.com/archives/2106 • http://kimromi.hatenablog.jp/entry/2015/08/04/082357