マルチスポット再生 meets 多言語同時通訳システム

電子情報通信学会九州支部講演会
2023年7月5日
https://www.ieice.org/kyushu/2023koen5/

マルチスポット再生 meets 多言語同時通訳システム
岡本拓磨 (情報通信研究機構)

多数のスピーカを用いてある特定の領域にだけ音を届ける局所再生技術を複数重ね合わせることにより異なる領域に異なる音を提示可能なマルチスポット再生を実現できる．本講義では，NICTの開発した多言語同時通訳と16チャネル円形スピーカアレイを用いたリアルタイムマルチスポット再生を結合したシステムを紹介する．また，実際に講義の参加者がマイクロホンで入力した音声がリアルタイムでマルチスポット再生される実演デモを行う．

Transcript

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    Reproduced sound field and reproduction error Sound field represented by angular spectrum coefficients Sound field recorded by linear receiver (Spatial Fourier transform) 2.5D HOA for circular secondary sources (J. Ahrens et al. 2008.) Analytical driving function of 2.5D synthesis Analytical approaches to sound field recording and reproduction Analytical conversion of sound field representation Analytical driving function of 2.5D synthesis for circular secondary sources Sound field recorded by linear microphone arrays can be reproduced by circular loudspeaker arrays 2.5D higher-order Ambisonics for a sound field described by angular spectrum coefficients Takuma OKAMOTO, National Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Japan 1. Introduction 2. Analytical conversion of sound field representation 3. Proposed formulation 4. Computer simulations Reproduction error Sound field Lmic = Lsp = 64 ch, x = 0.05 m, r0 = 2.0 m, xs = [1, 5, 0]T ˜ P( k, !) = ˜ P(kx, !) = Z 1 1 P(x, 0, !)ejkxxdx = Z 1 1 P(x, 0, !)ejk cos( k)xdx ˚ D2.5D,m(r0, !) = ( j)|m| 1 ⇡r0h(2) |m| (kr0) Z ⇡ 0 ˜ P( k, !) sin( k)e jm k d k ˚ D2.5D,m(r = 0, r0, !) = 1 2⇡r0 · ˇ Pm |m| (!) jkh(2) |m| (kr0)Y m |m| (⇡/2, 0)⇤ ˇ Pm |m| (rs, !) = jkh(2) |m| (krs)Y m |m| (✓s, s)⇤ ˇ Pm |m| ( k, !) = 4⇡( j)|m|Y m |m| (⇡/2, k)⇤ Plane wave : Point source : Z k p Higher order Ambisonics (HOA) Recording stage Reproduction stage Spectrum division method (SDM) Angular spectrum Spherical harmonics expansion Flexible sound field recording and reproduction J. Ahrens et al. 2012. WFS for SHE Proposed approach Integrated with from to k = 0 ⇡ (k/2⇡) ˜ P( k, !) sin( k) *$"441
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sha1_base64="4Dyi8hfBeATTsUj8rZHzcqFfm9w=">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</latexit> Rq <latexit sha1_base64="vKF6xXSpPaEvokoE8FWKYQc+GdY=">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</latexit> Rl <latexit sha1_base64="vKF6xXSpPaEvokoE8FWKYQc+GdY=">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</latexit> Rl <latexit sha1_base64="T1Y7Oc5TScHPEBYoSqQLnV2sDMM=">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</latexit> Interior Ambisonics <latexit sha1_base64="RBbvDr1eV60H5EkJzP33VJ153rI=">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</latexit> Exterior Ambisonics
6. ౸དྷԻ৔ܕΞϯϏιχΫε ೾໘߹੒๏ɼεϖΫτϧআࢉ๏ DIٿܗϚΠΫϩϗϯΞϨΠˏ౦๺େ DIแғܕεϐʔΧΞϨΠˏ౦๺େ DIแғܕϚΠΫϩϗϯΞϨΠˏ౦๺େ DIٿܗεϐʔΧΞϨΠˏ/*$5 DIೋ௚ઢϚΠΫϩϗϯΞϨΠˏ/*$5 DIೋ௚ઢεϐʔΧΞϨΠˏ/*$5 ҰਓͰͷ࣋ͪӡͼ͸೉͍͠  ์ࣹԻ৔ܕΞϯϏιχΫε 1SFWJPVTMZ
   JNQMFNFOUFE
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7. εϐʔΧΞϨΠΛ༻͍ͨہॴ࠶ੜɾϚϧνεϙοτ࠶ੜɾϚϧνԻ৔੍ޚ
   
   ہॴ࠶ੜɿԻѹͷΈΛ੍ޚ
   ͋ΔྖҬʹͷΈ͋ΔಛఆͷԻ͕ฉ͑͜ 
 ଞͷ৔ॴͰ͸ฉ͑͜ͳ͍
   
   Ϛϧνεϙοτ࠶ੜɿԻѹͷΈΛ੍ޚɼ B ͷॏͶ߹Θͤ
   ͦΕͧΕͷྖҬʹͦΕͧΕผͷԻ͕ฉ͑͜Δ
   
   ϚϧνԻ৔੍ޚɿԻѹ͚ͩͰͳ͘೾໘ͦͷ΋ͷΛ੍ޚ
   ͦΕͧΕͷྖҬͰผʑͷԻ৔Λಉ࣌ʹ࠶ݱ  .VMUJQMF
   TPVOE
   TQPU
   TZOUIFTJT
   UFDIOPMPHZ Bright zone (Listening area) <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> Dark zone (Quiet area) <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> B
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   Ϛϧνεϙοτ࠶ੜ D
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   ೗ԿʹʮԻ͕ฉ͑͜ͳ͍ྖҬʯΛܗ੒͢Δ͔
8. ϔουηοτ
   ϝϦοτɿଞ΁ͷԻ࿙Ε͕ͳ͍ɼԻ࣭͕Α͍
   σϝϦοτɿਓ਺෼Λ༻ҙ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɼ઀৮ܕͰ͋ΔͨΊײછରࡦతʹݒ೦͋Γ
   ௒Ի೾εϐʔΧ
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   σϝϦοτɿԻ࣭͕՝୊ɼ௒Ի೾ྖҬͰ͸
   E#Ҏ্ͷԻѹϨϕϧ ݈߁ඃ֐΁ͷݒ೦
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   ݚڀ՝୊ɿ੍ޚਫ਼౓޲্ɼখܕԽɼ࣮༻Խ  $PNQBSJTPO
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9. ैདྷٕज़ F
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   ଟ఺੍ޚʹجͮ͘ํࣜɿ֤εϐʔΧͱ੍ޚ఺ؒͷ఻ୡؔ਺ͷٯߦྻԋࢉʹجͮ͘
   ՝୊
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   ٯߦྻԋࢉ͸ඇৗʹෆ҆఺ˠਖ਼ଇԽ͕ඞཁ  -PDBMJ[FE
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   NFUIPET Bright zone (Listening area) <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> Dark zone (Quiet area) <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> . . . . . . . . . . . . G(!) P (!) <latexit sha1_base64="kAWfSr3XquhFurDMC2T5uoHzihQ=">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</latexit> <latexit 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sha1_base64="kAWfSr3XquhFurDMC2T5uoHzihQ=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="kAWfSr3XquhFurDMC2T5uoHzihQ=">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</latexit> D(!) <latexit sha1_base64="Dngi64xhHlPolZlRH2TrdHw43eg=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="Dngi64xhHlPolZlRH2TrdHw43eg=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="Dngi64xhHlPolZlRH2TrdHw43eg=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="Dngi64xhHlPolZlRH2TrdHw43eg=">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</latexit> Loudspeaker array <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> Control points <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> Driving function <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> Transfer function <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> Sound pressures <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>
10. ݪཧ
    Իͷฉ͑͜ΔྖҬͷԻѹΛɼฉ͑͜ͳ͍ྖҬͷԻѹΛˠۣܗ૭ͱͯ͠࿈ଓతʹϞσϧԽ
    ۣܗ૭ͷۭؒϑʔϦΤม׵4JODؔ਺ͱͯ͠ղੳతʹಋग़Մೳ
    ௚ઢ΍ԁܗͷεϐʔΧΞϨΠ৔߹͸఻ୡಛੑͷۭؒϑʔϦΤม׵΋ղੳతʹಋग़Մೳ
    ಛੑ
    ೾ಈํఔ͔ࣜΒಋग़͞ΕΔۭؒϑʔϦΤม׵ʹΑΓ෺ཧతͳҐஔؔ܎Λߟྀ
    ҆ఆͳΤόωοηϯτ੒෼Λআڈͨ͠ۦಈ৴߸҆ఆͨ͠ۦಈ৴߸  4QBUJBM
    'PVSJFS
    USBOTGPSNCBTFE
    NFUIPET y x z r0 rref Φ φs P(rref , φ, 0, ω) = 1 P(rref , φ, 0, ω) = 0 Bright zone Circular loudspeaker array Reference circle Dark Zone x Linear sound source lb xb Bright Dark shift Dark Window function y y = yb P(x, yb) = 0 5
    0LBNPUP
    FU
    BM
    +
    "DDPTU
    "N
    
    5
    0LBNPUP
    8"41""
    
11. ࣮૷ͨ͠νϟωϧ௚ઢΞϨΠΛ༻͍ͨํࣜ
    ैདྷٕज़Λ্ճΔ੍ޚੑೳΛ࣮ݱ  &YQFSJNFOUBM
    SFTVMUT
    PG
    MJOFBS
    BSSBZ DS CM LS SFT (rect.) SFT (Hann) z = 0 [m] [dB] 1.5 2 2.5 y [m] -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 x [m] -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 z = 0 [m] [dB] 1.5 2 2.5 y [m] -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 x [m] -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 z = 0 [m] [dB] 1.5 2 2.5 y [m] -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 x [m] -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 z = 0 [m] [dB] 1.5 2 2.5 y [m] -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 x [m] -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 z = 0 [m] [dB] 1.5 2 2.5 y [m] -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 x [m] -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Temporal frequency [kHz] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Bright to dark ratio [dB] DS CM LS SFT (rect.) SFT (Hann) 5
    0LBNPUP
    FU
    BM
    +
    "DDPTU
    "N
    
12. νϟωϧԁܗΞϨΠΛ༻͍ͨํࣜ
    ैདྷٕज़Λ্ճΔ੍ޚੑೳΛ࣮ݱ  0 1 2 3 4 5 Temporal Frequency [kHz] 0 5 10 15 20 25 BDR [dB] Spatial Nyquist Frequency LS method (open) LS method (baffled) Beamforming (open) Beamforming (baffled) Proposed (open) Proposed (baffled) z = 0 [m] [dB] -1 0 1 X axis [m] -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Y axis [m] -40 -30 -20 -10 0 z = 0 [m] [dB] -1 0 1 X axis [m] -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Y axis [m] -40 -30 -20 -10 0 z = 0 [m] [dB] -1 0 1 X axis [m] -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Y axis [m] -40 -30 -20 -10 0 ଟ఺੍ޚ -4 ϏʔϜϑΥʔϛϯά ఏҊ๏ 
    )[ͷ݁Ռ 4JNVMBUJPO
    SFTVMUT
    PG
    DJSDVMBS
    BSSBZ 5
    0LBNPUP
    8"41""
    
13. νϟωϧ௚ઢεϐʔΧΞϨΠΛ༻͍ͨϚϧνεϙοτ࠶ੜ 1SFWJPVT
    JNQMFNFOUFE
    TZTUFN  ͜Μʹͪ͸ )FMMP 㟬޷ Japanese area <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> English area <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> Chinese area <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> Bright zone (Listening area) <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> Dark zone (Quiet area) <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit> Իͷฉ͑͜Δ
    ΤϦΞ Իͷฉ͑͜ͳ͍
    ΤϦΞ ॏͶ߹Θͤ 
    N ࣮༻ԽͷͨΊʹ͸খܕԽ͕ඞਢ ֶձձ৔ͰεϐʔΧΞϨΠͷσϞ͕͍ͨ͠Ի৔੍ޚΛීٴ͍ͨ͠ 5
    0LBNPUP
    *$"441
    
14. Ԭຊ୓ຏ
    ݚڀςʔϚɿ෺ཧɾ਺ཧϞσϧʹجͮ͘Ի৴߸ɾԻۭؒͷ૑ग़
    Իڹ৴߸ॲཧɿಛʹԻ৔ऩ࿥ɾ੍ޚ ϚΠΫϩϗϯɾεϐʔΧΞϨΠ৴߸ॲཧ 
 
    ೥݄ʙ೥݄ɿ౦๺େֶઌ୺Ի৘ใγεςϜ म࢜ɾത࢜ɾϙευΫ 
 
    ೥݄ʙ೥݄ɿ/*$5௒ྟ৔ײϓϩδΣΫτˏ/*$5 
 
    ೥ʙݱࡏɿࣗ਎ͷՊݚඅʴЋ Ϛϧνεϙοτ࠶ੜ !/*$5
    Ի੠ॲཧ 
 
    ೥݄ʙ೥݄ɿԻ੠ର࿩ɾݴޠࣝผ!/*$5 
 
    ೥݄ʙݱࡏɿχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫΛ༻͍ͨԻ੠߹੒ɾԻ੠೾ܗੜ੒ˏ/*$5 *OUSPEVDUJPO
    PG
    NZTFMG  ଍ͷΘΒ͡ݚڀੜ׆೥໨
    ˣ
    ͍ͭʹͭͷ੒Ռ͕༥߹ ˞ԭೄ͸ࠓճͰճ໨ ˏ"436
    ɼˏ41&"4*1
    ɼˏࠓճ
15. /*$5͕ఏڙ͢ΔԻ੠຋༁ΞϓϦ7PJDF5SBΛྫʹ
    ࣗಈԻ੠ೝࣝ
    ສਓͷԻ੠ΛςΩετ΁ม׵
    ػց຋༁
    ೖྗ͞ΕͨςΩετΛผͷݴޠ΁ม׵
    ςΩετԻ੠߹੒
    ೖྗ͞ΕͨςΩετΛԻ੠৴߸΁ม׵ 4QFFDI
    USBOTMBUJPO
    UFDIOPMPHZ  ˞ίϯχϟΫҎ֎͸
    ɹࣗ෼Ͱඳ͖·ͨ͠ /*$5Ͱͷ
    ࢲͷຊ຿
16.  /FVSBM
    TQFFDI
    XBWFGPSN
    TZOUIFTJT
    NPEFMT χϡʔϥϧ೾ܗੜ੒Ϟσϧʹؔ͢ΔऔΓ૊Έ ԬຊɼԻڹࢽ
     <latexit sha1_base64="IGMChlbsVRi5JP0W+/rnhKI5Hfk=">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</latexit> Acoustic features h <latexit sha1_base64="uGbHMILs1w/uDVfLuSQdAwKuipg=">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</latexit> or <latexit sha1_base64="TewyobNoikPRCUbDC4vQ570JLbM=">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</latexit> RNN layers <latexit sha1_base64="S0Aq7JSRliOPJApqWBhAw/wzv0Q=">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</latexit> Sampling <latexit sha1_base64="XwAJggLaXX93Lia51ShnL+x3gd8=">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</latexit> Dilated CNN layers <latexit sha1_base64="9phZoiwXkW+ML/4oj1yXv8aj+Qo=">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</latexit> (Causal) <latexit sha1_base64="bLwU6gFJt97cdAnkxDkEK5r/iAs=">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</latexit> Previous samples <latexit sha1_base64="FmLj/GPf+weBxnRI3XYM1v0ENdg=">AAACbXichVHLSsNAFD2N7/poVQRBkWLxsSqTUlRcCW5camsfWEtJ4rSG5kWSFmrxB1wLLkRBQUT8DDf+gIt+grhwUcGNC2/TgGhRb8jMmTP33HtmRrY01XEZawaEnt6+/oHBoeDwyOhYKDw+kXHMqq3wtGJqpp2TJYdrqsHTrupqPGfZXNJljWflymZ7P1vjtqOaxq5bt3hBl8qGWlIVySVqL205kk59jHIxHGUx5kWkG4g+iMKPbTN8i30cwISCKnRwGHAJa5Dg0JeHCAaLuAIaxNmEVG+f4xhB0lYpi1OGRGyFxjKt8j5r0Lpd0/HUCnXR6LdJGcECe2J3rMUe2T17Zh+/1mp4Ndpe6jTLHS23iqGT6dT7vyqdZheHX6o/PbsoYc3zqpJ3y2Pap1A6+trRWSu1nlxoLLJr9kL+r1iTPdAJjNqbcrPDk+cI0gOIP6+7G2TiMXElltiJRzcS/lMMYgbzWKb7XsUGtrCNNPU1cIoLXAZehSlhVpjrpAoBXzOJbyEsfQKn4I3z</latexit> Upsampling <latexit sha1_base64="QCXyBGZqqkkxs7xF7ydYqdfH1/w=">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</latexit> Conditioning <latexit sha1_base64="TIsIuRNR7iIACQhl/T0I1MrtuhI=">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</latexit> . . . <latexit sha1_base64="AkEXXrioSrjWQ1Te4BSGJhy7EFM=">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</latexit> In inferece <latexit sha1_base64="yUOIt7Dn3fnN0a1Jq84ZMB+fyz4=">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</latexit> e.g. WaveNet, WaveRNN, LPCNet <latexit sha1_base64="p1zzV1dir6yyIbxLANUjw0qjats=">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</latexit> Probability p(xt |x0, · · · , xt 1, h) <latexit sha1_base64="65JBAGqRA5fPP0gZBUJDbCrQ0rk=">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</latexit> Next sample xt <latexit sha1_base64="folKXAjDyDeKOWUrhrJHMQGOLE8=">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</latexit> (a) Auto-regressive models <latexit sha1_base64="RQlUWz7OdEkafrXAPmZRXxiNUtE=">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</latexit> Gaussian noise <latexit sha1_base64="FmLj/GPf+weBxnRI3XYM1v0ENdg=">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</latexit> Upsampling <latexit sha1_base64="QCXyBGZqqkkxs7xF7ydYqdfH1/w=">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</latexit> Conditioning <latexit sha1_base64="TIsIuRNR7iIACQhl/T0I1MrtuhI=">AAACaXichVG7SgNBFD1Z3/EVtQnaiEGxChMJKlYBG0ujJhGSEHbXSRyz2V12Jwsx+ANWdqJWCiLiZ9j4AxZ+gqRUsLHw7mZBVNQ7zMyZM/fcOTOj2YZwJWNPEaWnt69/YHAoOjwyOjYem5jMu1bT0XlOtwzL2dVUlxvC5DkppMF3bYerDc3gBa2+7u8XPO64wjJ3ZMvm5YZaM0VV6KokKl/y9izpVmIJlmRBzP4EqRAkEMamFbtBCXuwoKOJBjhMSMIGVLjUikiBwSaujDZxDiER7HMcIUraJmVxylCJrdNYo1UxZE1a+zXdQK3TKQZ1h5SzmGeP7Ja9sAd2x57Z+6+12kEN30uLZq2r5XZl/Di+/favqkGzxP6n6k/PElWsBl4FebcDxr+F3tV7h6cv22tb8+0FdsU65P+SPbF7uoHpverXWb51gSh9QOr7c/8E+aVkajmZzqYTmXT4FYOYwRwW6b1XkMEGNpGjcw9wgjOcRzrKhBJXprupSiTUTOFLKIkP3mWMOQ==</latexit> . . . <latexit sha1_base64="XwAJggLaXX93Lia51ShnL+x3gd8=">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</latexit> Dilated CNN layers <latexit sha1_base64="rfESrVMKxLogTbwPtad+lZv5Tyo=">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</latexit> (Non-causal) <latexit sha1_base64="RQlUWz7OdEkafrXAPmZRXxiNUtE=">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</latexit> Gaussian noise <latexit sha1_base64="DKsKKnk/cqLYqd4QQcjAqsmhdcI=">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</latexit> Invertible layers <latexit sha1_base64="FmLj/GPf+weBxnRI3XYM1v0ENdg=">AAACbXichVHLSsNAFD2N7/poVQRBkWLxsSqTUlRcCW5camsfWEtJ4rSG5kWSFmrxB1wLLkRBQUT8DDf+gIt+grhwUcGNC2/TgGhRb8jMmTP33HtmRrY01XEZawaEnt6+/oHBoeDwyOhYKDw+kXHMqq3wtGJqpp2TJYdrqsHTrupqPGfZXNJljWflymZ7P1vjtqOaxq5bt3hBl8qGWlIVySVqL205kk59jHIxHGUx5kWkG4g+iMKPbTN8i30cwISCKnRwGHAJa5Dg0JeHCAaLuAIaxNmEVG+f4xhB0lYpi1OGRGyFxjKt8j5r0Lpd0/HUCnXR6LdJGcECe2J3rMUe2T17Zh+/1mp4Ndpe6jTLHS23iqGT6dT7vyqdZheHX6o/PbsoYc3zqpJ3y2Pap1A6+trRWSu1nlxoLLJr9kL+r1iTPdAJjNqbcrPDk+cI0gOIP6+7G2TiMXElltiJRzcS/lMMYgbzWKb7XsUGtrCNNPU1cIoLXAZehSlhVpjrpAoBXzOJbyEsfQKn4I3z</latexit> Upsampling <latexit sha1_base64="QCXyBGZqqkkxs7xF7ydYqdfH1/w=">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</latexit> Conditioning <latexit sha1_base64="TIsIuRNR7iIACQhl/T0I1MrtuhI=">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</latexit> . . . <latexit sha1_base64="FmLj/GPf+weBxnRI3XYM1v0ENdg=">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</latexit> Upsampling <latexit sha1_base64="LYGStWP+lxhs0TBF+daCK7D9eLw=">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</latexit> + CNN layers <latexit sha1_base64="FmLj/GPf+weBxnRI3XYM1v0ENdg=">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</latexit> Upsampling <latexit sha1_base64="LYGStWP+lxhs0TBF+daCK7D9eLw=">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</latexit> + CNN layers <latexit sha1_base64="TIsIuRNR7iIACQhl/T0I1MrtuhI=">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</latexit> . . . <latexit sha1_base64="TIsIuRNR7iIACQhl/T0I1MrtuhI=">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</latexit> . . . <latexit sha1_base64="vfmLOLXtqta1QaYSGCJQOC8+BGs=">AAACg3ichVG7SgNBFD1Zjcb4itoIggSDIghhEoKKIAS0sMzDREFD2F0nOmRf7G4CMdhZ+QMWVgoiaql/YOMPWPgJYqlgY+HdzYKoqHeYmTvn3nPvmRnF0oTjMvYYkrq6wz29kb5o/8Dg0HBsZLTsmA1b5SXV1Ex7U5EdrgmDl1zhanzTsrmsKxrfUOorXnyjyW1HmMa627J4RZd3DVETquwSVI1NropareGF45ZtKrIivKZCjevmDtecaizBksy3+E8nFTgJBJYzYxfYxg5MqGhAB4cBl3wNMhwaW0iBwSKsgjZhNnnCj3McIErcBmVxypAJrdO6S6etADXo7NV0fLZKXTSaNjHjmGYP7JK9sHt2zZ7Y+6+12n4NT0uLdqXD5VZ1+Gi8+PYvS6fdxd4n60/NLmpY9LUK0m75iHcLtcNv7h+/FJcK0+0ZdsaeSf8pe2R3dAOj+aqe53nhBFH6gNT35/7plNPJ1Hwyk08nspngKyKYwBRm6b0XkMUacihR30Nc4Qa3Uliak9JSkCuFAs4Yvpi0/AH1HJWf</latexit> Di↵usion probabilistic models <latexit sha1_base64="QCXyBGZqqkkxs7xF7ydYqdfH1/w=">AAACb3ichVHLSsNAFD2N7/po1YWCIMWi6KZMpKi4ErpxWR+tgook6bQOJpOQpIVa/AE/QBcufICI+Blu/AEXfoK4kgpuXHiTBkRFvcPMnDlzz50zM7pjCs9n7DGmtLV3dHZ198R7+/oHEsnBoaJnV12DFwzbtN1NXfO4KSQv+MI3+abjcs3STb6h7+eC/Y0adz1hy3W/7vAdS6tIURaG5hO1nbNlSQRIyMpuMs0yLIzUT6BGII0o8nbyGtsowYaBKixwSPiETWjwqG1BBYND3A4axLmERLjPcYg4aauUxSlDI3afxgqttiJW0jqo6YVqg04xqbukTGGSPbAb1mT37JY9sfdfazXCGoGXOs16S8ud3cTR6NrbvyqLZh97n6o/PfsoYyH0Ksi7EzLBLYyWvnZw0lxbXJ1sTLFL9kz+L9gju6MbyNqrcbXCV08Rpw9Qvz/3T1CczahzmezKbHopG31FN8YwgWl673ksYRl5FOhcB8c4w3nsRRlRxpVUK1WJRZphfAll5gOEto7M</latexit> Conditioning <latexit sha1_base64="StAXOkWPVpOsJ/cWmuo+LufTzU4=">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</latexit> Original waveform x0 <latexit sha1_base64="jOpeWv1fJPFpINsVBFLELFnKmbg=">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</latexit> Gaussian noise ✏ <latexit sha1_base64="ttQdcKvJB4fb7HaNj5pcWz6/Alw=">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</latexit> p ¯ ↵x0 + p 1 ¯ ↵✏ <latexit sha1_base64="r8UPnsNQGQDK6N68HRr8Hhg4hcM=">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</latexit> Noise level p ¯ ↵ <latexit sha1_base64="jOpeWv1fJPFpINsVBFLELFnKmbg=">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</latexit> Gaussian noise ✏ <latexit sha1_base64="G/iBDbwY2Q1QmnRkXQk/Zob+K0Q=">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</latexit> In training <latexit sha1_base64="017IwdqqqXL28WzJngmgsiDT9Cg=">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</latexit> In inference <latexit sha1_base64="G/iBDbwY2Q1QmnRkXQk/Zob+K0Q=">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</latexit> In training <latexit sha1_base64="5UsE63s3h3d9YRTcaxdiFcnde90=">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</latexit> e.g. ClariNet, Parallel WaveGAN <latexit sha1_base64="lVssHpkIwOyCDqPTwSdIf720VaU=">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</latexit> e.g. WaveGlow, WaveFlow <latexit sha1_base64="q7eIPX8SJzJMAhbcTtylVZ0Dg84=">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</latexit> e.g. MelGAN, HiFi-GAN <latexit sha1_base64="0Glq1FoS1JOYUWmS4q+jUHTTz+c=">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</latexit> e.g. WaveGrad, Di↵Wave, BDDM <latexit sha1_base64="EkH00hyA9UygSQ2SAy6Ooi6rgEc=">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</latexit> (b) CNN-based models <latexit sha1_base64="XEzDLSGsQa47qjmHVvDn11ybH5A=">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</latexit> (c) Flow-based models <latexit sha1_base64="30mXFofZGhecgGeQg3yTOT8gMs4=">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</latexit> (d) Upsampling-based models <latexit sha1_base64="vA66CalmFojIeBLGTIC/dCRn918=">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</latexit> (e) Di↵usion probabilistic models <latexit sha1_base64="TP4cOnnWrJKngxzwawWHKKL/Kig=">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</latexit> Parallel waveform generative models <latexit sha1_base64="Q/gGfmMV9x8/OnAwRSZUYWRqEps=">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</latexit> Speech waveform <latexit sha1_base64="Q/gGfmMV9x8/OnAwRSZUYWRqEps=">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</latexit> Speech waveform <latexit sha1_base64="Q/gGfmMV9x8/OnAwRSZUYWRqEps=">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</latexit> Speech waveform "436
    
    *$"441
    
    4-5
    
    4QFFDI
    $PNN
     *$"441
     "436
     *$"441
     *OUFSTQFFDI
     IUUQTXXXKTUBHFKTUHPKQBSUJDMFKBTK@@QEGDIBSKB
17.  /FVSBM
    UFYUUPTQFFDI
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     "436
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    *OUFSTQFFDI
     <latexit sha1_base64="L4PyrqHxk2CTu7gOmrBQv3bHSdA=">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</latexit> Acoustic features <latexit 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sha1_base64="ZOiQO7IsgWClmIsJsscIGbCa0lY=">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</latexit> Text-analyzer (G2P) <latexit sha1_base64="XXfvPpYtiWVMDlnqKOUov6Pq470=">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</latexit> (a) Pipeline TTS models <latexit sha1_base64="8eo0iDuaz2ndkam2nhiWDXNZqvY=">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</latexit> (b) Entire end-to-end TTS models <latexit sha1_base64="nqk1NsXM9/2WKZL04Tz9FSF7UeU=">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</latexit> Acoustic models <latexit sha1_base64="jaCPeYFxdCJbFfQTOxhZQR7TLkc=">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</latexit> (including duration models) <latexit sha1_base64="Q/gGfmMV9x8/OnAwRSZUYWRqEps=">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</latexit> Speech waveform <latexit sha1_base64="eesvGJXjXGSDpY6ubenhxPBVVdo=">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</latexit> (=Neural vocoders) <latexit sha1_base64="sTk7BsxY47KtkV7ZhqwVzhpoq6k=">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</latexit> generative models <latexit sha1_base64="faYIMrsw7EzUXPzctHGSgPhkWds=">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</latexit> Non-uniform <latexit sha1_base64="rDGYKfH6C+YLKCeSJPi63BaqKi0=">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</latexit> upsampling <latexit sha1_base64="VFv6qsOHb8lZibHKA0Krf1uyEUo=">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</latexit> (=Alignment) <latexit sha1_base64="TFmHRpLvbUYgMV9rWIhjvdkz3lw=">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</latexit> Temporal resolution unit
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    BSSBZ  13.44 cm 2.5 cm 3.1 cm <latexit sha1_base64="PjnHn/kBdngue+nAIaVXwZWL0Ys=">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</latexit> 13.44 cm 
    DIΞϯϓ
    3.&
    %JHJGBDF
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24. 
    DIখܕԁܗΞϨΠΛ༻͍ͨݴޠԻ੠Ϛϧνεϙοτ࠶ੜγεςϜ
    ຋༁͞Ε֤ͨݴޠͷԻ੠͕ͦΕͧΕҧͬͨ৔ॴͰฉ͑͜ΔԻ੠຋༁ͷ৽ͨͳ6*ͱ࣮ͯ͠૷  *NQMFNFOUBUJPO
    PG
    EFNP
    TZTUFN )FMMP χϡʔϥϧݴޠࣝผ
    
    χϡʔϥϧԻ੠ೝࣝ χϡʔϥϧ
    ػց຋༁ Ϛϧνεϙοτ
    ࠶ੜϑΟϧλ ଟݴޠ
    χϡʔϥϧ
    Ի੠߹੒ )FMMP ͜Μʹͪ͸ 㟬޷ উ֞ೞࣁਃ B
    
    DIԁܗεϐʔΧ C
    ݴޠσϞγεςϜ ೔ຊޠ ӳޠ தࠃޠ ؖࠃޠ 
    DI
    εϐʔΧ 
    DN ͭͷ੒Ռ͕༥߹
25. ࣍ݩϞʔυ੍ޚʹجͮ͘ہॴ࠶ੜ
    Ի͕ฉ͑͜ΔΤϦΞͷԻѹΛɼฉ͑͜ͳ͍ΤϦΞͷԻѹΛ
    ແݶԁ౵όοϑϧܕԁܗΞϨΠɿۦಈ৴߸Λղੳతʹࢉग़Մೳ 
 ɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹ5
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    ࠓճͷ࣮૷ɿ༗ݶԁ౵όοϑϧ֤εϐʔΧͷݸମࠩ
    ఻ୡؔ਺ɹɹɹɹɹΛଌఆ
    ۦಈ৴߸ɿ
    ہॴ࠶ੜϑΟϧλɿ  %FSJWJOH
    ESJWJOH
    TJHOBMT
    PG
    MPVETQFBLFST y x z r0 rref Φ φs P(rref , φ, 0, ω) = 1 P(rref , φ, 0, ω) = 0 Bright zone Circular loudspeaker array Reference circle Dark Zone <latexit sha1_base64="WeZsnZwk5UGw+Dx58344ySFZpfU=">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</latexit> cn,l(rref ) = 1 2⇡ Z 2⇡ 0 Hl(rref , )e jn d ' 1 M M X m=1 Hl(rref , m)e jn m <latexit sha1_base64="w77DHJ0cpBVEi7ri+sh27w+FFVo=">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</latexit> Hl(rref , m) <latexit sha1_base64="ENxoC8BAov895nidMWiG1Mvap1E=">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</latexit> ˆ d = C(r ref )HC(r ref ) + I 1 C(r ref )Ha(r ref ) <latexit sha1_base64="pudrKLQmB8dnxmsYuHL5YGr2ceg=">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</latexit> C(rref ) = 2 6 4 c N,1(rref ) · · · c N,L(rref ) . . . ... . . . cN,1(rref ) . . . cN,L(rref ) 3 7 5 <latexit sha1_base64="u25XTEhOVbL/8OuvkFUjAmPUrGs=">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</latexit> an,rect( , S) = sinc ✓ n 2⇡ ◆ e jn s <latexit sha1_base64="DB31CbEgzeBbvhJ6gGtkWpP5wRY=">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</latexit> an,hann( , S) = ⇢ sinc ✓ 1 2 + n 2⇡ ◆ + sinc ✓ 1 2 n 2⇡ ◆ 2 e jn s ۣܗ૭ )BOO૭
26. ΠϯύϧεԠ౴ͷଌఆ
    εϐʔΧ਺ɿ
    ੍ޚ఺਺ɿɹɹɹɹ ›ִؒ
    ج४ڑ཭ɿ
    αϯϓϦϯάप೾਺ɿ
    L)[
    ଌఆ৴߸ɿٯ࣌ؒҾ͖৳͹͠ύϧε 541 ৴߸αϯϓϧɼճಉظՃࢉ
    ఻ୡؔ਺ɾہॴ࠶ੜϑΟϧλͷࢉग़
    ఻ୡؔ਺
    541৴߸৞ΈࠐΈˠΠϯύϧεԠ౴ˠαϯϓϧ੾Γग़͠ˠ཭ࢄϑʔϦΤม׵ 
 ˠෳૉεϖΫτϧ Ϗϯ ɿ
    ہॴ࠶ੜϑΟϧλɿ
    ۦಈ৴߸ɿɹˠ཭ࢄٯϑʔϦΤม׵ˠ࣮෦੒෼ˠ'*3ϑΟϧλ αϯϓϧ  &YQFSJNFOUT <latexit sha1_base64="w77DHJ0cpBVEi7ri+sh27w+FFVo=">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</latexit> Hl(rref , m) <latexit sha1_base64="Wy59NiOwY6A1dWR0TPNly4DfzeU=">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</latexit> ˆ d <latexit sha1_base64="A0OTGdr61YlJJWC4tpaIKJmaseE=">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</latexit> L = 16 <latexit sha1_base64="aEqWhLmRxVF3vue7qlVYc7sHri8=">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</latexit> M = 72 <latexit sha1_base64="gm1xumkjgE7MKbb0npGc7QF+r/o=">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</latexit> rref = 0.5 m <latexit sha1_base64="LwwKhr9cp+/Jnh0BmV8PGPlW/1o=">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</latexit> 16 ⇥ 72 = 1152 ݸͷ఻ୡؔ਺Λଌఆ
27.  3FTVMUT (a) 750 Hz (b) 1.5 kHz (c) 3 kHz (d) 4.5 kHz (e) 6 kHz (f) 7.5 kHz
28. 1VSF
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    %BUBʹΑΔϦΞϧλΠϜϚϧνϝσΟΞϓϩάϥϛϯάzɼ೔ຊԻڹ ֶձࢽ
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    QSFTFOUBUJPOT ͜Ε·Ͱͷ੒Ռ
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    /*$5एख૯߹৬ *%*
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58. Thank you for your !! Ԭຊ୓ຏ (Takuma OKAMOTO)ˏNICT e-mail: HP: https://www.okamotocamera.com Twitter: @okamotocamerea