Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
高度なコード
Search
Aaron Patterson
September 22, 2014
Technology
13
1.3k
高度なコード
Aaron Patterson
September 22, 2014
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Aaron Patterson
See All by Aaron Patterson
RubyKaigi 2025: Class New, A New Approach
tenderlove
0
60
RubyKaigi Dev Meeting 2025
tenderlove
1
3k
Speeding up Instance Variables in Ruby 3.3
tenderlove
2
420
[Feature #20425] Speeding up delegate methods
tenderlove
3
270
RailsConf 2023
tenderlove
30
1.1k
Don't @ Me! Faster Instance Variables with Object Shapes
tenderlove
1
460
RailsConf 2022 Keynote
tenderlove
2
560
Some Assembly Required
tenderlove
1
570
HexDevs 2021
tenderlove
1
460
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
250627 関西Ruby会議08 前夜祭 RejectKaigi「DJ on Ruby Ver.0.1」
msykd
PRO
2
370
OPENLOGI Company Profile
hr01
0
67k
低レイヤを知りたいPHPerのためのCコンパイラ作成入門 完全版 / Building a C Compiler for PHPers Who Want to Dive into Low-Level Programming - Expanded
tomzoh
4
3.4k
Liquid Glass革新とSwiftUI/UIKit進化
fumiyasac0921
0
300
CI/CD/IaC 久々に0から環境を作ったらこうなりました
kaz29
1
200
Lazy application authentication with Tailscale
bluehatbrit
0
120
さくらのIaaS基盤のモニタリングとOpenTelemetry/OSC Hokkaido 2025
fujiwara3
2
260
20250625 Snowflake Summit 2025活用事例 レポート / Nowcast Snowflake Summit 2025 Case Study Report
kkuv
1
370
なぜ私はいま、ここにいるのか? #もがく中堅デザイナー #プロダクトデザイナー
bengo4com
0
1.3k
登壇ネタの見つけ方 / How to find talk topics
pinkumohikan
6
600
Connect 100+を支える技術
kanyamaguc
0
160
asken AI勉強会(Android)
tadashi_sato
0
140
Featured
See All Featured
Code Reviewing Like a Champion
maltzj
524
40k
How to train your dragon (web standard)
notwaldorf
94
6.1k
Why Our Code Smells
bkeepers
PRO
337
57k
Connecting the Dots Between Site Speed, User Experience & Your Business [WebExpo 2025]
tammyeverts
5
230
Typedesign – Prime Four
hannesfritz
42
2.7k
How GitHub (no longer) Works
holman
314
140k
Automating Front-end Workflow
addyosmani
1370
200k
Statistics for Hackers
jakevdp
799
220k
The Art of Delivering Value - GDevCon NA Keynote
reverentgeek
15
1.5k
How to Ace a Technical Interview
jacobian
277
23k
Designing Dashboards & Data Visualisations in Web Apps
destraynor
231
53k
Adopting Sorbet at Scale
ufuk
77
9.4k
Transcript
( ͡ ° ͜ ʖ ͡ °) .oO(Hi)
ຖ߃ྫ$ ͷ$ ຊޠೳྗࢼݧ
Thanks!!!
Aaron Patterson
Ϩου ϋτ
None
None
Ruby Core Rails Core
ί ϛ ο τ ͠ ͯ! ϙ Π ϯ τ
Β ͓ ͏ ʂ
Revert Commits Count Too!
More mistakes == more points!!!!
ΦΨϫ͞Μ
ΰϒͪΌΜ
νϡʔνϡʔ
None
Ϗοάσʔλ
ϝλϧʹ$ ۙ͘ͳΔͨΊʹ
Node.JS
None
Speeding up Rails 4.2
ߟ͑ࣄ
Rack
͏ऴΘΓ
Rack ָ͡Όͳ͍
Rack 2.0 ൃද͠ͳ͍* * Rack 2.0 ൃද͠·͢ɻ
the_metal http://github.com/tenderlove/the_metal
def call(env) end άϩʔόϧม R ack 1.x
ετϦʔϛϯά class Stream def each loop { yield "hello world\n"
} end end $ def call(env) [200, {}, Stream.new] end R ack 1.x
def call(request, response) end IO IO the_m etal
request IOͱ ϦΩΣετͷใ! Λ͍࣋ͬͯ·͢ɻ
responseIOͱ Ϩεϙϯεͷใ! Λ͍࣋ͬͯ·͢ɻ
શ࣮ྫ TheMetal.create_server(->(req, res) { res.write_head 200, 'Content-Type' => 'text/plain' res.write
"Hello World\n" res.finish }).listen 9292, '0.0.0.0'
Great for HTTP/1.1 Extendable to HTTP/ 2.0
RackΛͬͯ ָΛ͠·͠ΐ͏
ߟ͑ࣄ͚ͩɻ
ಡΜͰԼ͍͞ʂ http://github.com/tenderlove/the_metal
Speeding up Rails 4.2
Adequate$ Record
Performance$ Tools
benchmark/ips
benchmark/ips require 'benchmark/ips' require 'set' $ list = ('a'..'zzzz').to_a set
= Set.new list $ Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report("set access") { set.include? "foo" } $ x.report("ary access") { list.include? "foo" } end G EM
ग़ྗ Calculating ------------------------------------- set access 68622 i/100ms ary access 395
i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- set access 3047175.3 (±12.7%) i/s - 14959596 in 5.018692s ary access 3899.2 (±7.1%) i/s - 19750 in 5.096118s ߹ ܭ IPS
Set Include: 3047175.3 / sec
Array Include: 3899.2 / sec
IPS: Higher Is Better
Blackbox Testing
Ωϟογϡͷςετ cache1 = Cache1.new cache2 = Cache2.new $ cache1["x"] =
Object.new cache2["x"] = Object.new $ Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report("cache1") { cache1["x"] } x.report("cache2") { cache2["x"] } end
࣮ߦͷάϥϑ 10,000 ܁Γฦ࣌ؒ͢ (seconds) 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 ΩϟογϡɹαΠζ
10 elements 100 elements 1000 elements 100000 elements Ωϟογϡ 1 Ωϟογϡ 2
Cacheͷ࣮ class Cache1 def initialize @cache = {} end def
[] k; @cache[k]; end def []= k,v; @cache[k] = v; end end $ class Cache2 def initialize @cache = [] end def [] k; x, = @cache.assoc(k); x; end def []= k,v; @cache << [k, v]; end end ఆ ઢܗ
۩ମతͳྫ Routes
Route දͷେ͖͞ link_to ʹؔ͋Δʁ
route ΛೖΕΔ class MyTest routes = ActionDispatch::Routing::RouteSet.new routes.draw { resources(:articles)
N.times do |num| resources num.to_s.to_sym end } end 10, 100, 1000
Sec /100k calls 9.5 9.7 9.9 10.1 10.3 1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 link_to
URL ͷ͞ ࣮ߦʹ ؔ͋Γ·͔͢ʁ
͞ΛมԽ class MyTest routes = ActionDispatch::Routing::RouteSet.new link = N.times.map(&:to_s).join '/'
$ routes.draw { get "/#{link}/:id", :as => :article, :controller => :articles, :action => :show } end 10, 100, 1000
ඵ / 10ສճͷݺͼग़͠ 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 link_to
Object Allocations
GC.stat()
߹ܭͷׂΓͯ GC.stat(:total_allocated_object)
۩ମతͳྫɿ Views
Request Benchmark task :allocated_objects do app = Ko1TestApp::Application.instance app.app do_test_task(app)
env = rackenv "/books/new" do_test_task(app, env.dup) before = GC.stat :total_allocated_object TEST_CNT.times { do_test_task(app, env.dup) } after = GC.stat :total_allocated_object puts (after - before) / TEST_CNT end "/books/new"
Request Benchmark task :allocated_objects do app = Ko1TestApp::Application.instance app.app do_test_task(app)
env = rackenv "/books/new" do_test_task(app, env.dup) before = GC.stat :total_allocated_object TEST_CNT.times { do_test_task(app, env.dup) } after = GC.stat :total_allocated_object puts (after - before) / TEST_CNT end
Request Benchmark task :allocated_objects do app = Ko1TestApp::Application.instance app.app do_test_task(app)
env = rackenv "/books/new" do_test_task(app, env.dup) before = GC.stat :total_allocated_object TEST_CNT.times { do_test_task(app, env.dup) } after = GC.stat :total_allocated_object puts (after - before) / TEST_CNT end
ςετͷ݁Ռ Request ͷΦϒδΣΫτஔ 2000 2150 2300 2450 2600 4-0-stable 4-1-stable
master 2000
Ͳ͏ͬͯ$ ӕΛ͔ͭ͘
ςετͷ݁Ռ Request ͷΦϒδΣΫτஔ 0 650 1300 1950 2600 4-0-stable 4-1-stable
master
4-0-stable ͔Β ~19%ݮΓ·ͨ͠
4-1-stable ͔Β ~14%ݮΓ·ͨ͠
allocation_tracer https://github.com/ko1/allocation_tracer
ྫ ObjectSpace::AllocationTracer.trace do 1000.times { ["foo", {}] } end $
ObjectSpace::AllocationTracer.allocated_count_table
Output {:T_NONE=>0, :T_OBJECT=>0, :T_CLASS=>0, :T_MODULE=>0, :T_FLOAT=>0, :T_STRING=>1000, :T_REGEXP=>0, :T_ARRAY=>1000, :T_HASH=>1000,
:T_ZOMBIE=>0}
Speeding up Helpers
Profile Request / Response
TOTAL (pct) SAMPLES (pct) FRAME 813 (9.5%) 813 (9.5%) ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer#initialize
699 (8.1%) 350 (4.1%) block in ActiveRecord::Read#read_attribute 486 (5.7%) 298 (3.5%) ActionController::UrlFor#url_options 670 (7.8%) 274 (3.2%) ActionDispatch::Journey::Format#evaluate 773 (9.0%) 253 (2.9%) ActionDispatch#parameterize_args 1172 (13.6%) 220 (2.6%) ActiveRecord::Persistence#instantiate 213 (2.5%) 213 (2.5%) block in SQLite3::Statement#each 208 (2.4%) 208 (2.4%) ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer#html_safe? 204 (2.4%) 204 (2.4%) ActionDispatch::UrlFor#routes_generation? 245 (2.9%) 191 (2.2%) block (2 levels) in Class#class_attribute
ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer #initialize
Ͳ͜Ͱ࡞ͬͨͷʁ
Tag Options def tag_option(key, value, escape) if value.is_a?(Array) value =
escape ? safe_join(value, " ") : value.join(" ") else value = escape ? ERB::Util.h(value) : value end %(#{key}="#{value}") end
HTML Sanitization in Rails
Ordinary String >> x = "foo" => "foo" >> x.class
=> String >> x.html_safe? => false
SafeBuffer >> x = "foo" => "foo" >> y =
x.html_safe => "foo" >> y.class => ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer >> y.html_safe? => true
ERB::Utils.h
ERB::Utils.h def html_escape(s) s = s.to_s if s.html_safe? s else
s.gsub(HTML_ESCAPE_REGEXP, HTML_ESCAPE).html_safe end end
Creates 2 Objects.
Tag Options def tag_option(key, value, escape) if value.is_a?(Array) value =
escape ? safe_join(value, " ") : value.join(" ") else value = escape ? ERB::Util.h(value) : value end %(#{key}="#{value}") end
String SafeBuffer String
Extract Method def unwrapped_html_escape(s) # :nodoc: s = s.to_s if
s.html_safe? s else s.gsub(HTML_ESCAPE_REGEXP, HTML_ESCAPE) end end $ def html_escape(s) unwrapped_html_escape(s).html_safe end
Update Callers def tag_option(key, value, escape) if value.is_a?(Array) value =
escape ? safe_join(value, " ") : value.join(" ") else value = escape ? ERB::Util.unwrapped_html_escape(value) : value end %(#{key}="#{value}") end
String String
~200 Allocations Per Request for /books/new
YMMV (Your Mileage (kilometers?) May Vary)
Speeding up Output
ERB Template <% books.each do |book| %> <tr><td> <%= book.name
%> </tr></td> <% end %>
Compiled Template @output_buffer = output_buffer || ActionView::OutputBuffer.new;@output_buffer.safe_append='<h1>Listing books</h1> $ <table>
<thead> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th colspan="3"></th> </tr> </thead> $ <tbody> '.freeze; @books.each do |book| @output_buffer.safe_append=' <tr> <td>'.freeze;@output_buffer.append=( book.name );@output_buffer.safe_append='</td> <td>'.freeze;@output_buffer.append=( link_to 'Show', book );@output_buffer.safe_append='</ td> </tr> '.freeze; end @output_buffer.safe_append=' </tbody> </table> $ <br>
Compiled Template @output_buffer = ActionView::OutputBuffer.new @output_buffer.safe_append=' <tr> <td>'.freeze @output_buffer.append=( book.name
) HTML Literal
safe_append= class OutputBuffer def safe_append=(value) return self if value.nil? super(value.to_s)
end end W hy?
Don’t accept nil
safe_append= class OutputBuffer def safe_append=(value) super(value.to_s) end end
safe_append= class OutputBuffer def safe_append=(value) super(value) end end
safe_append= class OutputBuffer def safe_append=(value) super end end
safe_append= class OutputBuffer end ߴͳίʔυʂ
Results
Allocations Per Request 0 275 550 825 1100 T_STRING T_ARRAY
T_HASH T_NODE T_DATA OTHER 4-0-stable 4-1-stable master
~19% reduction since 4-0-stable
~14% reduction since 4-1-stable
·ͱΊɻ
Eliminate Objects
Ұ൪͍ίʔυ ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ίʔυ
Limit Types
Fewer Types = Less Code
Less Code = Faster Code
Measure, measure measure measure
MEASURE!
Rails 4.2 will be the fastest ever!
͋Γ͕ͱ͏ʂ