Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Sign up for free
Menu
Search
Features
All features
Private URLs
Password Protection
Custom URLS
Scheduled publishing
Remove Branding
Restrict embedding
Deck Collections
Notes
Features
All features
Private URLs
Password Protection
Custom URLS
Scheduled publishing
Remove Branding
Restrict embedding
Deck Collections
Notes
Explore
Featured decks
Featured speakers
Programming
Technology
Storyboards
Explore
Featured decks
Featured speakers
Programming
Technology
Storyboards
Pricing
Search
Sign in
Sign up for free
プロトコルの形式的安全性検証ツールProVerif / proverif
Search
Mako
August 09, 2021
Technology
1.5k
0
Share
Embed
Copy iframe code
Copy JS code
Copy link
Start on current slide
プロトコルの形式的安全性検証ツールProVerif / proverif
seccamp2020 LT大会での発表内容
Mako
August 09, 2021
More Decks by Mako
See All by Mako
マイナンバーカードの暗号技術とセキュリティ
tex2e
2
3.3k
SELinuxで堅牢化する / selinux
tex2e
3
1.9k
TLS 1.3自作入門 / tls13
tex2e
0
1.3k
マイナンバーカードで署名する / mynumbercard
tex2e
2
3.6k
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
AI時代のAPI開発を加速する品質ガードレール / API Quality Guardrails in the AI Era
yokawasa
0
160
プロダクト価値を、 チームが使える判断軸に変える
vivion
0
130
Codex概要
ymiya55
0
440
今こそ知りたいAmplifyGen2
mkdev10
2
150
IR Today: Theory, Practice, and Agents
dtunkelang
0
350
Google Cloud Next Tokyo 26登壇時のスクリプト
recruitengineers
PRO
0
200
【データ横丁主催】AI Agentがコンテキストを使って仕事をした後、何が残るのか― 組織の経験を次の判断に引き継ぐ「Agent Memory」
shisyu_gaku
2
330
3つのアプローチで目指す チームを強くするAI駆動開発
thkt
0
120
雪かき部 #7 もう怖くない!SELECT文!
foursue
0
280
20260930_Gemma4_Hands-on
tsho
0
230
自主式軟體工廠
philipz
0
230
オブザーバビリティを高める AI エージェント体験を考える / Designing AI Agent Experiences That Enhance Observability
aoto
PRO
2
310
Featured
See All Featured
4 Signs Your Business is Dying
shpigford
187
23k
Building a Modern Day E-commerce SEO Strategy
aleyda
45
9.2k
ピンチをチャンスに:未来をつくるプロダクトロードマップ #pmconf2020
aki_iinuma
128
56k
Tips & Tricks on How to Get Your First Job In Tech
honzajavorek
1
790
Unlocking the hidden potential of vector embeddings in international SEO
frankvandijk
0
970
XXLCSS - How to scale CSS and keep your sanity
sugarenia
250
1.3M
Visual Storytelling: How to be a Superhuman Communicator
reverentgeek
2
700
Fashionably flexible responsive web design (full day workshop)
malarkey
409
67k
Learning to Love Humans: Emotional Interface Design
aarron
275
41k
Typedesign – Prime Four
hannesfritz
42
3.2k
The Organizational Zoo: Understanding Human Behavior Agility Through Metaphoric Constructive Conversations (based on the works of Arthur Shelley, Ph.D)
kimpetersen
PRO
0
490
Facilitating Awesome Meetings
lara
57
7.2k
Transcript
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূπʔϧ ProVerif @tex2e
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ProVerif ֓ཁ • Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱɿ ϓϩτίϧΛϞσϧԽͨ͠ίʔυΛهड़ → ProVerif πʔϧͰ࣮ߦ → ੬ऑੑ͋Γɾͳ͠ͷఆ • Θ͔Δ͜ͱɿ ϓϩτίϧͷηΩϡϦςΟಛੑ ൿಗੑɺਅਖ਼ੑɺΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸɺલํൿಗੑ • ࠓͷ͓ɿ αϯϓϧϓϩτίϧͰݕূ • ϓϩτίϧ α • ϓϩτίϧ β
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ProVerif • ϓϩτίϧ͕҆શ͔Ͳ͏͔ΛࣗಈͰূ໌ • ୭Ͱ͑ͯແྉ 1 • spi ܭࢉͷॻ͖ํʹ (গ͠) ࣅ͍ͯΔ • ݴޠͱͯ͠ OCaml ʹ (গ͠) ࣅ͍ͯΔ free c: channel. free message: bitstring [private]. query attacker(message). process out(c, message); 0 1 http://proverif.inria.fr/
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ϓϩτίϧ α Server Client ύεϫʔυ p, ฏจ m ύεϫʔυ p ҉߸Խ enc(m, p) ෮߸ ͜ͷϓϩτίϧ͕҆શ͔Ͳ͏͔Λ ProVerif Ͱݕূ͠·͢
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ϓϩτίϧͷϞσϧԽ ϋογϡؔ ಛɿ • Ұํؔ : f(m) → h • શͳ҉߸Ϟσϧ2ʹ͓͍ͯٯؔଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ ProVerif ͷίʔυ fun hash(bitstring): bitstring. 2 Dolve-Yao Ϟσϧ
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ϓϩτίϧͷϞσϧԽ ڞ௨ݤ҉߸ ಛɿ • ҉߸Խ : enc(m, k) • ෮߸ɹ : dec(c, k) • ҉߸Խͱ෮߸ͰݩʹΔ : dec(enc(m, k), k) = m ProVerif ͷίʔυ fun enc(bitstring , key): bitstring. reduc forall m: bitstring , k: key; dec(enc(m,k),k) = m.
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ϓϩτίϧ αͷϞσϧԽ ΫϥΠΞϯτ–αʔόؒͷ௨৴ (* Ϋ ϥ Π Ξ ϯ τ A *) let clientA() = event beginA(msg); out(c, enc(msg, password)); 0. (* α ʔ ό B *) let serverB() = in(c, x: bitstring); let recvmsg = dec(x, password) in event endB(recvmsg); 0. process ( (!clientA()) | (!serverB()) )
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূํ๏ ൿಗੑ ݶΒΕͨਓ͔͠ใʹΞΫηεͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ • query : ݕূΫΤϦ • attacker(v) : ߈ܸऀม v ʹ౸ୡՄೳ͔ (* ൿ ಗ ੑ ͷ ݕ ূ *) query attacker(msg). query attacker(password).
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূ݁Ռ ൿಗੑ $ proverif -color protocol1.pv ( {1}! {2}out(c, enc(msg,password)) ) | ( {3}! {4}in(c, x: bitstring); {5}let recvmsg: bitstring = dec(x,password) in 0 ) ... -------------------------------------------------------------- Verification summary: Query not attacker(msg[]) is true. Query not attacker(password[]) is true. ൿಗੑ → ͋Γ ✓ ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸ લํൿಗੑ
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূํ๏ ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸ ౪ௌͨ͠༰ΛΦϑϥΠϯͰղಡ͢Δ͜ͱ • weaksecret v. ൿີ v ͷΤϯτϩϐʔ͕͍ͱ͖ 3ɺ ߈ܸऀม v ʹ౸ୡՄೳ͔ (* Φ ϑ ϥ Π ϯ ߈ ܸ ͷ ݕ ূ *) weaksecret password. 3ਓ͕֮ؒ͑ΒΕΔఔͷจࣈྻ͔͠ͳ͍ͱ͖ʢύεϫʔυͳͲʣ
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূ݁Ռ ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸ $ proverif -color protocol1a.pv ... The attacker tests whether dec(~M,@weaksecretcst) is fail knowing ~M = enc(msg,password). This allows the attacker to know whether @weaksecretcst = password. A trace has been found. RESULT Weak secret password is false. ... -------------------------------------------------------------- Verification summary: Weak secret password is false.4 Query not attacker(msg[]) is true. Query not attacker(password[]) is true. ൿಗੑ → ͋Γ ✓ ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸ → Մೳ × લํൿಗੑ 4ऑ͍ൿີΛͬͨͱ͖ϓϩτίϧͷ҆શੑͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏ҙຯ
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূ݁Ռ ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸ $ proverif -color protocol1a.pv ... The attacker tests whether dec(~M,@weaksecretcst) is fail knowing ~M = enc(msg,password). This allows the attacker to know whether @weaksecretcst = password. A trace has been found. RESULT Weak secret password is false. ... -------------------------------------------------------------- Verification summary: Weak secret password is false.4 Query not attacker(msg[]) is true. Query not attacker(password[]) is true. ൿಗੑ → ͋Γ ✓ ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸ → Մೳ × લํൿಗੑ 4ऑ͍ൿີΛͬͨͱ͖ϓϩτίϧͷ҆શੑͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏ҙຯ
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূ݁Ռ ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸ A trace has been found. Honest Process Attacker ! ! Beginning of process clientA ~M = enc(msg,password) The attacker tests whether dec(~M,@weaksecretcst) is fail knowing ~M = enc(msg,password). This allows the attacker to know whether @weaksecretcst = password.
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূํ๏ લํൿಗੑ ൿີݤ͕࿙Ӯͯ͠ɺաڈͷ҉߸Խ௨৴͕෮߸Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ • phase 1; out(c, password) Phase 0 : ύεϫʔυͰฏจ m Λ҉߸Խͯ͠ૹ৴ Phase 1 : ύεϫʔυΛ࿙Ӯͤ͞Δ ύεϫʔυ࿙Ӯޙʹ߈ܸऀฏจ m ʹ౸ୡՄೳ͔ (* લ ํ ൿ ಗ ੑ ͷ ݕ ূ *) process ( (!clientA()) | (!serverB()) | phase 1; out(c, password) )
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূ݁Ռ લํൿಗੑ $ proverif -color protocol1b.pv ... ( {1}! {2}out(c, enc(msg,password)) ) | ( {3}! {4}in(c, x: bitstring); {5}let recvmsg: bitstring = dec(x,password) in 0 ) | ( {6}phase 1; {7}out(c, password) ) ... -------------------------------------------------------------- Verification summary: Query not attacker_p1(msg[]) is false. Query not attacker_p1(password[]) is false. ൿಗੑ → ͋Γ ✓ ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸ → Մೳ × લํൿಗੑ → ͳ͠ ×
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূ݁Ռ લํൿಗੑ A trace has been found. Honest Process Attacker ! ! Beginning of process clientA ~M = enc(msg,password) Phase 1 ~M_1 = password The attacker has the message dec(~M,~M_1) = msg in phase 1
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ରࡦɾվળ ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸͱલํൿಗੑ • ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸɿ ऑ͍ݤ͔Βڧ͍ݤΛ࡞Δ • લํൿಗੑɿ ௨৴ຖʹҟͳΔڞ௨ݤΛ͏Α͏ʹ͢Δ
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ Diffie-Hellman ݤڞ༗ (DH) 1. Alice ཚ a Λબ͢Δ 2. Alice→Bob : A = ga (mod p) 3. Bob ཚ b Λબ͢Δ 4. Bob→Alice : B = gb (mod p) 5. Alice ͱ Bob ڞ௨ݤ K ͕ٻ·Δɿ K = (ga)b = gab = (gb)a (mod p) ੜݩ g ͱૉ p ΛదʹબͿͱ͖ɺ౪ௌऀެ։ A, B ͔Βڞ ༗ݤ K ΛٻΊΔ͜ͱࠔʢࢄରʣ
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ϓϩτίϧͷϞσϧԽ Diffie-Hellman ݤڞ༗ (DH ݤڞ༗) • Ұํ : A = ga (mod p) A = exp(g, a) • ެ։͔Βڞ௨ݤ͕ٻ·Δ : K = (ga)b = gab = (gb)a (mod p) K = exp(exp(g, a), b) = exp(exp(g, b), a) ProVerif ͷίʔυ type G. type exponent. const g: G [data]. (* ੜ ݩ g *) fun exp(G, exponent): G. equation forall a: exponent , b: exponent; exp(exp(g,a),b) = exp(exp(g,b),a).
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ϓϩτίϧ β DH ݤڞ༗ + ҉߸Խ Server Client ύεϫʔυ p, ฏจ m ύεϫʔυ p ੜݩ g = genG(p) ੜݩ g = genG(p) ga gb gab gab ڞ༗ݤ s = KDF(gba) ڞ༗ݤ s = KDF(gab) ҉߸Խ enc(m, s) ෮߸
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ϓϩτίϧ β DH ݤڞ༗ + ҉߸Խ Server Client ύεϫʔυ p, ฏจ m ύεϫʔυ p ੜݩ g = genG(p) ੜݩ g = genG(p) ga gb gab gab ڞ༗ݤ s = KDF(gba) ڞ༗ݤ s = KDF(gab) ҉߸Խ enc(m, s) ෮߸
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ϓϩτίϧ β ͷϞσϧԽ ΫϥΠΞϯτ–αʔόؒͷ௨৴ let clientA() = new randomA: exponent; let gA = exp(genG(password), randomA) in out(c, gA); in(c, gB: G); let sharedSecret = KDF(exp(gB, randomA)) in let ciphertext = enc(msg, sharedSecret) in out(c, ciphertext); 0. let serverB() = new randomB: exponent; let gB = exp(genG(password), randomB) in in(c, gA: G); out(c, gB); let sharedSecret = KDF(exp(gA, randomB)) in in(c, ciphertext: bitstring); let recvmsg = dec(ciphertext , sharedSecret) in 0. process ( (!clientA()) | (!serverB()) )
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূํ๏ ൿಗੑɺΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸɺલํൿಗੑ • attacker(v) ߈ܸऀม v ʹ౸ୡՄೳ͔ • weaksecret v. ൿີͷ v ͷΤϯτϩϐʔ͕͍ͱ͖ɺ ߈ܸऀม v ʹ౸ୡՄೳ͔ • phase 1; out(c, password) Phase 0 : ύεϫʔυͰฏจ m Λ҉߸Խͯ͠ૹ৴ Phase 1 : ύεϫʔυΛ࿙Ӯͤ͞Δ ύεϫʔυ࿙Ӯޙʹ߈ܸऀฏจ m ʹ౸ୡՄೳ͔
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূ݁Ռ ൿಗੑɺΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸ $ proverif -color protocol2a.pv ... -------------------------------------------------------------- Verification summary: Query not attacker(msg[]) is true. Query not attacker(password[]) is true. Weak secret password is true. ൿಗੑ → ͋Γ ✓ ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸ → ࠔ ✓ લํൿಗੑ
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ݕূ݁Ռ લํൿಗੑ $ proverif -color protocol2b.pv ... -------------------------------------------------------------- Verification summary: Query not attacker_p1(msg[]) is true. Query not attacker_p1(password[]) is false. ... ൿಗੑ → ͋Γ ✓ ΦϑϥΠϯ߈ܸ → ࠔ ✓ લํൿಗੑ → ͋Γ ✓
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ϓϩτίϧ β Wi-Fi ͷ৽ن֨ WPA3 Λࢀߟʹ࡞ Server Client ύεϫʔυ p, ฏจ m ύεϫʔυ p ੜݩ g = genG(p) ੜݩ g = genG(p) ga gb gab gab ڞ༗ݤ s = KDF(gba) ڞ༗ݤ s = KDF(gab) ҉߸Խ enc(m, s) ෮߸
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ͓ΘΓʹ • ProVerif ൿಗੑਅਖ਼ੑΛࣗಈͰݕূՄೳ • ͍ΖΜͳϓϩτίϧΛݕূͯ͠ΈΔͱָ͍͠ Happy ProVerifying!
ϓϩτίϧͷܗࣜత҆શੑݕূ ϓϩτίϧ α ϓϩτίϧ β ͓ΘΓʹ ࢀߟจݙ I Blanchet at el.: ProVerif 2.02pl1: Automatic Cryptographic Protocol Verifier, User Manual and Tutorial. INRIA, September 2020. Blanchet: ProVerif Automatic Cryptographic Protocol Verifier User Manual for Untyped Inputs. INRIA, September 2020.