從演化的角度來剖析 COVID-19病毒變異株

不同 covid-19 病毒變異株一波波的流行，它們演化之間的關聯是什麼？
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2. Evolutionary rate: About 1.1 × 10−3 subs/site/year Size of SARS-CoV-2 genome (29.9kb) Which is in the same order of magnitude as other RNA viruses. Evolutionary rates of human influenza A: 1.8 × 10−3 to 2.2 × 10−3 Even lower than some kinds of flu viruses. So Nakagawa & Takayuki Miyazawa Inflammation and Regeneration volume 40, Article number: 17 (2020) Virus Evolution, Volume 6, Issue 2, July 2020, veaa061, J Virol. 2006 Apr; 80(7): 3675–3678.
3. What difference between mutation, variant and strain? The actual change in sequence. E.g. CAG codon wrong nucleic acid get added to the chain (CCG) glutamine-to-proline Genomes that differ in sequence are often called variants. Variants could differ by a single or many mutations. A variant is a strain when it has a demonstrably different phenotype e.g. difference in transmissibility, virulence or antigenicity, Mutation Variant Strain
4. How does virus genome sequencing help the response to COVID-19? • • (TOCC)
5. • GISAID • Pango • Nextstrain Nomenclature
6. Lineage Designtion GISAID clade: S、L，V、G，GH、GR、GV、GRY Pango clade: A、A.1、A.2、B、B.1、B.1.1.7 B1.1.1.1 等同於 C1 Nextstrain clade:19A、19B，20A、20B…
9. Mutation N501Y E484K
10. Clade N501Y E484K (Convergent evolution)
12. Thank you for you attention~