Prize, Alfred Nobel wanted to keep in secret nominations for next 50 years. This decision doesn’t allow committee to reveal other scientists who could have won the award. Nominations for the Nobel Prizes are handled by the Nobel Prize awarding institutions and we can search for many of them up to 1967. https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/
decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 with one half to Rainer Weiss LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration and the other half jointly to Barry C. Barish LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration and Kip S. Thorne LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration. "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"
is an American physicist, known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics. Weiss brought two fields of fundamental physics research from birth to maturity: characterization of the cosmic background radiation, and interferometric gravitational wave observation. He made pioneering measurements of the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation, and then was co-founder and science advisor of the NASA COBE (microwave background) satellite.
1936, is an American experimental physicist and Nobel Laureate. In the early 1990s, he spearheaded GEM (Gammas, Electrons, Muons), an experiment that would have run at the Superconducting Super Collider which was approved after the former project L* lead by Samuel Ting (and Barish as chairman of collaboration board) was rejected by SSC director Roy Schwitters. Barish was GEM spokesperson.
1940, is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate, known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics. Thorne's research has principally focused on relativistic astrophysics and gravitation physics, with emphasis on relativistic stars, black holes and especially gravitational waves. He is perhaps best known to the public for his controversial theory that wormholes can conceivably be used for time travel.
a large-scale physics experiment and observatory to detect cosmic gravitational waves and to develop gravitational-wave observations as an astronomical tool.
by many scientists to test a component of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, the existence of gravitational waves. Starting in the 1960s, American scientists including Joseph Weber, as well as Soviet scientists Mikhail Gertsenshtein and Vladislav Pustovoit, conceived of basic ideas and prototypes of laser interferometry, and in 1967 Rainer Weiss of MIT published an analysis of interferometer use and initiated the construction of a prototype with military funding.
the fabric ("curvature") of spacetime generated by accelerated masses and propagate as waves outward from their source at the speed of light. They were first proposed by Henri Poincaré in 1905 and subsequently predicted in 1916 by Albert Einstein on the basis of his general theory of relativity. Linearly polarised gravitational wave Two-dimensional representation of gravitational waves generated by two neutron stars orbiting each other.
through the interferometer, the spacetime in the local area is altered. Depending on the source of the wave and its polarization, this results in an effective change in length of one or both of the cavities. The distances along the arms of the interferometer are shortened and lengthened, causing the beams to become slightly less out of phase. This results in the beams coming in phase, creating a resonance.
passing over the left arm (yellow) changes its length and thus the interference pattern. A beamsplitter (green line) light (from the white box) the mirrors (cyan oblongs) pattern is detection (purple circle) A beamsplitter splits coherent light into two beams which reflect off the mirrors; only one outgoing and reflected beam in each arm is shown, and separated for clarity. The reflected beams recombine and an interference pattern is detected.
to forming deep gravity wells and coalescing into a single larger black hole, gravitational waves will propagate outwards as the black holes spin past each other.
gravitational waves was made on 14 September 2015 and was announced by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations on 11 February 2016. It was also heralded as inaugurating a new era of gravitational- wave astronomy, which will enable observations of violent astrophysical events that were not previously possible, and potentially allow the direct observation of the very earliest history of the universe.
made in 2017, including GW170817, the first observed merger of binary neutron stars, which was also observed in electromagnetic radiation. When they collided, a flash of light in the form of gamma rays was emitted and seen on Earth about two seconds after the gravitational waves. In the days and weeks following the smashup, other forms of light, or electromagnetic radiation — including X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and radio waves — were detected. “This event has the most precise sky localization of all detected gravitational waves so far,” says Jo van den Brand of Nikhef (the Dutch National Institute for Subatomic Physics)
objects and phenomena in the Universe Detection of the unseeable wonders Understanding of the nature of space and time itself Understanding of these cataclysmic events
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