Bluetooth Low Energy and iBeacon development for Android

By Kseniia Shumelchyk - https://www.facebook.com/kseniya.shumelchyk
We will discuss different implementations for devices prior to 5.0, and for 5.0 and higher. During our talk you will learn how to implement background beacon scanning, how to improve battery life (and how to choose between fast beacon detection and longer battery life). Also we'll discuss, on how to turn your android device into multiple iBeacon transmitters. Allowing a single Android device to act as multiple iBeacons opens up a huge number of interesting possibilities.

Transcript

1. Bluetooth Low Energy and iBeacon development for Android Kseniia Shumelchyk Software Engineer, Softserve Inc. Google Anita Borg 2015 Scholar Women Techmakers Ukraine Leader
2. #uamobitech iBeacons
3. #uamobitech iBeacon - iBeacon is a protocol standardised by Apple and introduced at the WWDC in 2013 - Based on top of BLE - BLE works starting from 4S on Apple - BLE works starting from 4.3 on Android
4. #uamobitech Internal structure
5. #uamobitech Typical Beacon usage
6. #uamobitech What is BLE? Bluetooth low energy (Bluetooth Smart) is a wireless personal area network technology aimed for novel applications in the healthcare, fitness, beacons, security, and home entertainment industries
7. #uamobitech What is BLE? - Not backward-compatible (with classic Bluetooth protocol) - Uses same radio frequencies - 2.4 GGZ - 1 Mbps (1-3 Mbps with regular bluetooth) - Embedded devices & wearables
8. #uamobitech Spec Technical Specification Classic Bluetooth technology Bluetooth Smart technology Distance/Range (theoretical max.) 100 m (330 ft) >100 m (>330 ft) Over the air data rate 1–3 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s Active slaves 7 Not defined; implementation dependent Minimum total time to send data 100 ms 3 ms Power consumption 1 W as the reference 0.01 to 0.5 W (depending on use case)
9. #uamobitech Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) - Client - A device that initiates GATT commands and requests, and accepts responses, for example a computer or smartphone - Server - A device that receives GATT commands and requests, and returns responses, for example a temperature sensor. - Characteristic - A data value transferred between client and server, for example the current battery voltage.
10. #uamobitech Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) - Service - A collection of related characteristics, which operate together to perform a particular function. For instance, the Health Thermometer service includes characteristics for a temperature measurement value, and a time interval between measurements. - Descriptor - A descriptor provides additional information about a characteristic. For instance, a temperature value characteristic may have an indication of its units (e.g. Celsius), and the maximum and minimum values which the sensor can measure.
11. #uamobitech GATT Operations - Discover UUIDs for all primary services - Find a service with a given UUID - Find secondary services for a given primary service - Discover all characteristics for a given service - Find characteristics matching a given UUID - Read all descriptors for a particular characteristic
12. Internals
13. #uamobitech Beacon’s Advertisement - Beacon advertises a data package called the Scan Response Data - This Data can be up to 31 bytes. - The scan response is divided into AD structures
14. #uamobitech Packet structure (1) Ad Structure 1 0x02 0x01 0x1A Remaining length AD Type Data 2 Flags Flag
15. #uamobitech Packet structure (2) Ad Structure 2 0x1B 0xFF 0xE0 0x00 0xBE 0xAC Remaining length AD Type Manufacturer ID Beacon prefix 27 Manufacturer specific 224 (Google)
16. #uamobitech Packet structure (2) Ad Structure 2 0x0C […] 0xBB 0x00 0x09 0x00 0x06 0xBA UUID (16 bytes) Major Minor TX Power 9 6 -70
17. #uamobitech Internals 02 01 06 1A FF 4C 00 02 15: prefix (fixed except for 3rd byte - flags) B9 40 7F 30 F5 F8 46 6E AF F9 25 55 6B 57 FE 6D: UUID 00 49: major 00 0A: minor C5: measured TX power
18. #uamobitech
19. #uamobitech Android - Built in support for Android 4.3+ - Central & peripheral roles - GATT server & GATT client - android.hardware.bluetooth_le feature
20. Android 4.3 & iBeacons
21. #uamobitech Android 4.3 for Beacons detection (1) <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/> Check for permission <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/> Check for hardware
22. #uamobitech Android 4.3 for Beacons detection (2) ENTER FILENAME/LANG final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter(); Get the BluetoothAdapter if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); } 4. Enable Bluetooth
23. #uamobitech Android 4.3 for Beacons detection (3) private LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new LeScanCallback() { @Override public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) { … // Parsing beacon data }); } }; Define callback mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback); Start BLE scanning
24. Android 5+ & iBeacons
25. #uamobitech Android 5.0+ for Beacons detection - New api to work with BLE devices - Background scanning - Filtering possibility - SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER mode - SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY mode
26. #uamobitech LOW_POWER LOW_LATENCY Test duration 134 minutes 152 minutes Battery Level Change -13% -25% Battery Drain Rate 268mA 454mA Relative Battery Savings 41% -- Typical time between detections 4400 ms 100 ms http://developer.radiusnetworks.com/2014/10/28/android-5.0-scanning.html
27. #uamobitech Android 5.0 for Beacons detection (1) private void setScanFilter() { ScanFilter.Builder mBuilder = new ScanFilter.Builder(); ByteBuffer mManufacturerData = ByteBuffer.allocate(23); ByteBuffer mManufacturerDataMask = ByteBuffer.allocate(24); byte[] uuid = getIdAsByte(UUID.fromString("0CF052C297CA407C84F8B62AAC4E9020"); mManufacturerData.put(0, (byte)0xBE); mManufacturerData.put(1, (byte)0xAC); for (int i=2; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerData.put(i, uuid[i-2]); } for (int i=0; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerDataMask.put((byte)0x01); } mBuilder.setManufacturerData(224, mManufacturerData.array(), mManufacturerDataMask.array()); mScanFilter = mBuilder.build(); } Creating filter for scanning
28. #uamobitech Android 5.0 for Beacons detection (2) ENTER FILENAME/LANG private void setScanSettings() { ScanSettings.Builder mBuilder = new ScanSettings.Builder(); mBuilder.setReportDelay(0); mBuilder.setScanMode(ScanSettings.SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER); mScanSettings = mBuilder.build(); } Setting scanner settings
29. #uamobitech Android 5.0 for Beacons detection (3) ENTER FILENAME/LANG protected ScanCallback mScanCallback = new ScanCallback() { @Override public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) { ScanRecord mScanRecord = result.getScanRecord(); int[] manufacturerData = mScanRecord.getManufacturerSpecificData(224); int mRssi = result.getRssi(); } } Setting up callback
30. #uamobitech Android 5.0 for Beacons detection (4) ENTER FILENAME/LANG mBluetoothLeScanner.startScan(Arrays.asList(mScanFilter), mScanSettings, mScanCallback); Start scanning
31. Android iBeacon emitter
32. #uamobitech Android Beacon emitter - Works starting from 5.0 - Currently only Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and later models supported - BluetoothLeAdvertiser & AdvertiseData & AdvertiseSettings support classes - Different levels of transmitter power
33. #uamobitech Android iBeacon emitter (1) ENTER FILENAME/LANG protected void setAdvertiseData() { AdvertiseData.Builder mBuilder = new AdvertiseData.Builder() ByteBuffer mManufacturerData = ByteBuffer.allocate(24); byte[] uuid = getIdAsByte(UUID.fromString("0CF052C297CA407C84F8B62AAC4E9020")); mManufacturerData.put(0, (byte)0xBE); // Beacon Identifier mManufacturerData.put(1, (byte)0xAC); // Beacon Identifier for (int i=2; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerData.put(i, uuid[i-2]); // adding the UUID } mManufacturerData.put(18, (byte)0x00); // first byte of Major mManufacturerData.put(19, (byte)0x09); // second byte of Major mManufacturerData.put(20, (byte)0x00); // first minor mManufacturerData.put(21, (byte)0x06); // second minor mManufacturerData.put(22, (byte)0xB5); // txPower mBuilder.addManufacturerData(224, mManufacturerData.array()); mAdvertiseData = mBuilder.build(); } Setting emitter
34. #uamobitech Android iBeacon emitter (2) ENTER FILENAME/LANG protected void setAdvertiseSettings() { AdvertiseSettings.Builder mBuilder = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder(); mBuilder.setAdvertiseMode(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_MODE_LOW_POWER); mBuilder.setConnectable(false); mBuilder.setTimeout(0); mBuilder.setTxPowerLevel(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_MEDIUM); mAdvertiseSettings = mBuilder.build(); } Setting up setting
35. #uamobitech Good to go, we can start advertising :) Good to go, we can start advertising :-D ENTER FILENAME/LANG mBluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(mAdvertiseSettings, mAdvertiseData, mAdvertiseCallback); Start advertising
36. Android Wear app example
37. #uamobitech
38. #uamobitech
39. #uamobitech Use cases - For runners (to remove cheating) - Shopping molls - Indoor navigation - Museums - Clinics - Hotels (check in & check out) - Apps for disabled people
40. Thank you! Questions? G+ KseniiaShumelchyk Fb Kseniya.Shumelchyk www www.dnipro.gdg.org.ua