Untangling Coroutine Testing (KotlinConf '23)

Coroutines are embraced on Android as a tool to perform asynchronous operations and manage threading in your apps. Testing them requires some extra work and a solid understanding of scopes and dispatchers.

In this talk, we’ll look at how to test coroutines with the latest available testing APIs introduced in kotlinx.coroutines 1.6, from the simplest cases all the way to Flows.

More info and resources: https://zsmb.co/appearances/kotlinconf-2023-day1/

Transcript

1. Márton Braun @zsmb13
   Developer Relations Engineer
   Google
   Untangling
   Coroutine
   Testing
   KotlinConf’23
   Amsterdam
   

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3. Agenda
   ● Testing suspending functions
   ● The coroutine test APIs
   ● Best practices
   ● Handling the Main dispatcher
   ● Flows & StateFlows
   

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4. Testing suspending functions
   runTest. run.
   

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5. Testing suspending functions
   suspend fun fetchData(): String {
   delay(1000L)
   return "Hello world"
   }
   

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6. Testing suspending functions
   suspend fun fetchData(): String {
   delay(1000L)
   return "Hello world"
   }
   @Test
   fun dataIsHelloWorld() {
   val data = fetchData()
   assertEquals("Hello world", data)
   }
   

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7. Testing suspending functions
   suspend fun fetchData(): String {
   delay(1000L)
   return "Hello world"
   }
   @Test
   fun dataIsHelloWorld() {
   val data = fetchData()
   assertEquals("Hello world", data)
   }
   

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8. Testing suspending functions
   suspend fun fetchData(): String {
   delay(1000L)
   return "Hello world"
   }
   @Test
   fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
   val data = fetchData()
   assertEquals("Hello world", data)
   }
   import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
   

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9. Testing suspending functions
   suspend fun fetchData(): String {
   delay(1000L)
   return "Hello world"
   }
   @Test
   fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
   val data = fetchData()
   assertEquals("Hello world", data)
   }
   import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
   

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10. Testing suspending functions
    suspend fun fetchData(): String {
    delay(1000L)
    return "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
    

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11. Testing suspending functions
    suspend fun fetchData(): String {
    delay(1000L)
    return "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
    

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12. Testing suspending functions
    suspend fun fetchData(): String {
    delay(1000L)
    return "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
    

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13. Testing Dispatcher changes
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    delay(1000L)
    "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
    

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14. Testing Dispatcher changes
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    delay(1000L)
    "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
    *
    

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15. Testing Dispatcher changes
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    delay(1000L)
    "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO
    

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16. Testing Dispatcher changes
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    delay(1000L)
    "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO
    fetchData()
    

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17. Testing Dispatcher changes
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    delay(1000L)
    "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO
    fetchData()
    

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18. Testing Dispatcher changes
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    delay(1000L)
    "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO
    fetchData()
    delay()
    

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19. Testing Dispatcher changes
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    delay(1000L)
    "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO
    fetchData()
    delay()
    

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20. Testing Dispatcher changes
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    delay(1000L)
    "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO
    fetchData()
    delay()
    assert()
    

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21. Testing Dispatcher changes
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    delay(1000L)
    "Hello world"
    }
    @Test
    fun dataIsHelloWorld() = runTest {
    val data = fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO
    fetchData()
    delay()
    assert()
    

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22. Testing new coroutines
    

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23. Testing new coroutines
    @Test
    fun directExample() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(
    listOf("Alice", "Bob"),
    repo.getAllUsers()
    )
    }
    

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24. Testing new coroutines
    @Test
    fun directExample() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(
    listOf("Alice", "Bob"),
    repo.getAllUsers()
    )
    }
    

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25. Testing new coroutines
    class ProfileViewModel : ViewModel() {
    lateinit var user: User
    fun initialize() {
    viewModelScope.launch {
    user = fetchUser()
    }
    }
    }
    @Test
    fun directExample() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(
    listOf("Alice", "Bob"),
    repo.getAllUsers()
    )
    }
    

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26. Testing new coroutines
    class ProfileViewModel : ViewModel() {
    lateinit var user: User
    fun initialize() {
    viewModelScope.launch {
    user = fetchUser()
    }
    }
    }
    @Test
    fun indirectExample() = runTest {
    val viewModel = ProfileViewModel()
    viewModel.initialize()
    assertEquals("Sam", viewModel.user.name)
    }
    @Test
    fun directExample() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(
    listOf("Alice", "Bob"),
    repo.getAllUsers()
    )
    }
    

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27. Testing new coroutines
    class ProfileViewModel : ViewModel() {
    lateinit var user: User
    fun initialize() {
    viewModelScope.launch {
    user = fetchUser()
    }
    }
    }
    @Test
    fun indirectExample() = runTest {
    val viewModel = ProfileViewModel()
    viewModel.initialize()
    assertEquals("Sam", viewModel.user.name)
    }
    @Test
    fun directExample() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(
    listOf("Alice", "Bob"),
    repo.getAllUsers()
    )
    }
    

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28. Testing new coroutines
    class ProfileViewModel : ViewModel() {
    lateinit var user: User
    fun initialize() {
    viewModelScope.launch {
    user = fetchUser()
    }
    }
    }
    @Test
    fun indirectExample() = runTest {
    val viewModel = ProfileViewModel()
    viewModel.initialize()
    assertEquals("Sam", viewModel.user.name)
    }
    @Test
    fun directExample() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(
    listOf("Alice", "Bob"),
    repo.getAllUsers()
    )
    }
    

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29. The coroutine test APIs
    The latest and greatest in kotlinx.coroutines.test
    

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30. Test APIs
    runTest
    

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31. Test APIs
    runTest TestScope
    

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32. Test APIs
    runTest
    TestDispatcher
    TestScope
    

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33. Test APIs
    runTest
    TestDispatcher TestCoroutineScheduler
    TestScope
    

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34. Test APIs
    runTest
    TestDispatcher TestCoroutineScheduler
    TestScope
    TestDispatcher
    TestDispatcher
    

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35. Test APIs
    runTest
    TestCoroutineScheduler
    TestScope
    TestDispatcher
    TestDispatcher
    All TestDispatchers must share the same scheduler
    TestDispatcher
    

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36. Test APIs
    TestDispatcher
    TestCoroutineScheduler
    

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37. Test APIs
    TestCoroutineScheduler
    StandardTestDispatcher UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    TestDispatcher
    

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38. StandardTestDispatcher
    

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39. ● Queues up coroutines on the scheduler
    StandardTestDispatcher
    

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40. ● Queues up coroutines on the scheduler
    ● You need to advance those coroutines manually
    StandardTestDispatcher
    

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41. ● Queues up coroutines on the scheduler
    ● You need to advance those coroutines manually
    ●
    runTest uses a StandardTestDispatcher by default
    StandardTestDispatcher
    runTest
    StandardTestDispatcher
    TestScope
    

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42. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    

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43. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    this: TestScope
    

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44. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    

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45. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo()
    

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46. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo()
    reg("Alice")
    

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47. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo()
    reg("Bob")
    reg("Alice")
    

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48. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo() assert()
    reg("Bob")
    reg("Alice")
    

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49. StandardTestDispatcher
    UserRepo() assert()
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    reg("Bob")
    reg("Alice")
    

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50. StandardTestDispatcher
    ● You need to advance those coroutines manually
    

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51. StandardTestDispatcher
    now now
    80
    ms
    90
    ms
    100
    ms
    500
    ms
    750
    ms
    ● You need to advance those coroutines manually
    

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52. StandardTestDispatcher
    ● runCurrent()
    now now
    80
    ms
    90
    ms
    100
    ms
    500
    ms
    750
    ms
    ● You need to advance those coroutines manually
    

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53. StandardTestDispatcher
    ● runCurrent()
    now now
    80
    ms
    90
    ms
    100
    ms
    500
    ms
    750
    ms
    ● You need to advance those coroutines manually
    

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54. StandardTestDispatcher
    ● runCurrent()
    ● advanceTimeBy(delayTimeMillis: Long)
    now now
    80
    ms
    90
    ms
    100
    ms
    500
    ms
    750
    ms
    ● You need to advance those coroutines manually
    

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55. StandardTestDispatcher
    now now
    80
    ms
    90
    ms
    100
    ms
    500
    ms
    750
    ms
    ● runCurrent()
    ● advanceTimeBy(delayTimeMillis = 100)
    ● You need to advance those coroutines manually
    

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56. StandardTestDispatcher
    ● runCurrent()
    ● advanceTimeBy(delayTimeMillis = 100)
    now now
    80
    ms
    90
    ms
    100
    ms
    500
    ms
    750
    ms
    ● You need to advance those coroutines manually
    

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57. ● You need to advance those coroutines manually
    StandardTestDispatcher
    ● runCurrent()
    ● advanceTimeBy(delayTimeMillis: Long)
    ● advanceUntilIdle()
    now now
    80
    ms
    90
    ms
    100
    ms
    500
    ms
    750
    ms
    

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58. ● You need to advance those coroutines manually
    StandardTestDispatcher
    ● runCurrent()
    ● advanceTimeBy(delayTimeMillis: Long)
    ● advanceUntilIdle()
    now now
    80
    ms
    90
    ms
    100
    ms
    500
    ms
    750
    ms
    

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59. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    

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60. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    

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61. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    

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62. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo()
    

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63. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo()
    reg("Alice")
    

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64. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo()
    reg("Alice") reg("Bob")
    

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65. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo()
    reg("Alice") reg("Bob")
    

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66. Idle
    StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo() reg("Alice")
    reg("Bob")
    

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67. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo() reg("Alice") reg("Bob")
    Idle
    

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68. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo() reg("Alice") reg("Bob")
    Idle
    assert()
    

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69. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo() reg("Alice") reg("Bob") assert()
    

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70. StandardTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun standardTest() = runTest {
    val repo = UserRepository()
    launch { repo.register("Alice") }
    launch { repo.register("Bob") }
    advanceUntilIdle()
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), repo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo() reg("Alice") reg("Bob") assert()
    

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71. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    

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72. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    ● Starts new coroutines eagerly
    

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73. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    ● Starts new coroutines eagerly
    ● Can be a good choice for simple tests
    

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74. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    ● Starts new coroutines eagerly
    ● Can be a good choice for simple tests
    ● Does not emulate real concurrency
    

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75. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun unconfinedTest() = runTest(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
    val userRepo = UserRepository()
    launch { userRepo.register("Alice") }
    launch { userRepo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), userRepo.getAllUsers())
    }
    

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76. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun unconfinedTest() = runTest(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
    val userRepo = UserRepository()
    launch { userRepo.register("Alice") }
    launch { userRepo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), userRepo.getAllUsers())
    }
    

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77. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun unconfinedTest() = runTest(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
    val userRepo = UserRepository()
    launch { userRepo.register("Alice") }
    launch { userRepo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), userRepo.getAllUsers())
    }
    this: TestScope
    

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78. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun unconfinedTest() = runTest(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
    val userRepo = UserRepository()
    launch { userRepo.register("Alice") }
    launch { userRepo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), userRepo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo()
    

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79. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun unconfinedTest() = runTest(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
    val userRepo = UserRepository()
    launch { userRepo.register("Alice") }
    launch { userRepo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), userRepo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo() reg("Alice")
    

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80. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun unconfinedTest() = runTest(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
    val userRepo = UserRepository()
    launch { userRepo.register("Alice") }
    launch { userRepo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), userRepo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo() reg("Alice") reg("Bob")
    

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81. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun unconfinedTest() = runTest(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
    val userRepo = UserRepository()
    launch { userRepo.register("Alice") }
    launch { userRepo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), userRepo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo() reg("Alice") reg("Bob") assert()
    

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82. UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    @Test
    fun unconfinedTest() = runTest(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
    val userRepo = UserRepository()
    launch { userRepo.register("Alice") }
    launch { userRepo.register("Bob") }
    assertEquals(listOf("Alice", "Bob"), userRepo.getAllUsers())
    }
    UserRepo() reg("Alice") reg("Bob") assert()
    

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83. TestDispatchers
    StandardTestDispatcher
    Queues up new coroutines
    Use by default
    UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    Starts new coroutines eagerly
    Use selectively
    

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84. TestDispatchers
    Queues up new coroutines
    Use by default
    Starts new coroutines eagerly
    Use selectively
    • As the Main dispatcher
    • For coroutines that collect Flows
    StandardTestDispatcher UnconfinedTestDispatcher
    

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85. Injecting dispatchers
    Something something heat exchangers
    

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86. Injecting dispatchers
    class Repository(private val database: Database) {
    private val scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO)
    fun initialize() {
    scope.launch {
    database.populate()
    }
    }
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    database.read()
    }
    }
    

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87. Injecting dispatchers
    class Repository(private val database: Database) {
    private val scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO)
    fun initialize() {
    scope.launch {
    database.populate()
    }
    }
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    database.read()
    }
    }
    

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88. Injecting dispatchers
    class Repository(private val database: Database) {
    private val scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO)
    fun initialize() {
    scope.launch {
    database.populate()
    }
    }
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    database.read()
    }
    }
    

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89. Injecting dispatchers
    @Test
    fun repoTest() = runTest {
    val repository = Repository(FakeDatabase())
    repository.initialize()
    val data = repository.fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    

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90. Injecting dispatchers
    @Test
    fun repoTest() = runTest {
    val repository = Repository(FakeDatabase())
    repository.initialize()
    val data = repository.fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO
    

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91. Injecting dispatchers
    @Test
    fun repoTest() = runTest {
    val repository = Repository(FakeDatabase())
    repository.initialize()
    val data = repository.fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Repo(FakeDb())
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO
    

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92. Injecting dispatchers
    @Test
    fun repoTest() = runTest {
    val repository = Repository(FakeDatabase())
    repository.initialize()
    val data = repository.fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Repo(FakeDb())
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO
    db.populate()
    fun initialize() {
    scope.launch {
    database.populate()
    }
    }
    

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93. Injecting dispatchers
    @Test
    fun repoTest() = runTest {
    val repository = Repository(FakeDatabase())
    repository.initialize()
    val data = repository.fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Repo(FakeDb())
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO db.read()
    db.populate()
    suspend fun fetchData() =
    withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
    database.read()
    }
    

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94. assert()
    Injecting dispatchers
    @Test
    fun repoTest() = runTest {
    val repository = Repository(FakeDatabase())
    repository.initialize()
    val data = repository.fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    Repo(FakeDb())
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO db.read()
    db.populate()
    

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95. assert()
    Injecting dispatchers
    Repo(FakeDb())
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO db.read()
    db.populate()
    @Test
    fun repoTest() = runTest {
    val repository = Repository(FakeDatabase())
    repository.initialize()
    val data = repository.fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    

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96. Injecting dispatchers
    Repo(FakeDb())
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO db.read()
    db.populate()
    assert()
    @Test
    fun repoTest() = runTest {
    val repository = Repository(FakeDatabase())
    repository.initialize()
    val data = repository.fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    

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97. Injecting dispatchers
    Repo(FakeDb())
    Test thread
    Dispatchers.IO db.read()
    db.populate()
    assert()
    @Test
    fun repoTest() = runTest {
    val repository = Repository(FakeDatabase())
    repository.initialize()
    val data = repository.fetchData()
    assertEquals("Hello world", data)
    }
    

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98. ,
    ioDispatcher
    ioDispatcher
    Injecting dispatchers
    class Repository(
    Dispatchers.IO)
    fun initialize() {
    scope.launch {
    database.populate()
    }
    }
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext( ) {
    database.read()
    }
    }
    private val database: Database) {
    private val scope = CoroutineScope(
    Dispatchers.IO
    

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99. Dispatchers.IO
    Injecting dispatchers
    class Repository(
    private val ioDispatcher: CoroutineDispatcher = Dispatchers.IO,
    ioDispatcher)
    fun initialize() {
    scope.launch {
    database.populate()
    }
    }
    suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext( ) {
    database.read()
    }
    }
    private val database: Database
    ) {
    private val scope = CoroutineScope(
    ioDispatcher
    ,
    

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100. Dispatchers.IO
     Injecting dispatchers
     class Repository(
     private val ioDispatcher: CoroutineDispatcher = Dispatchers.IO,
     ioDispatcher)
     fun initialize() {
     scope.launch {
     database.populate()
     }
     }
     suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext( ) {
     database.read()
     }
     }
     private val database: Database
     ) {
     private val scope = CoroutineScope(
     ioDispatcher
     ,
     

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101. Dispatchers.IO
     Injecting dispatchers
     class Repository(
     private val ioDispatcher: CoroutineContext = Dispatchers.IO,
     ioDispatcher)
     fun initialize() {
     scope.launch {
     database.populate()
     }
     }
     suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext( ) {
     database.read()
     }
     }
     private val database: Database
     ) {
     private val scope = CoroutineScope(
     ioDispatcher
     ,
     

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102. Dispatchers.IO
     Injecting dispatchers
     class Repository(
     private val ioDispatcher: CoroutineDispatcher = Dispatchers.IO,
     ioDispatcher)
     fun initialize() {
     scope.launch {
     database.populate()
     }
     }
     suspend fun fetchData(): String = withContext( ) {
     database.read()
     }
     }
     private val database: Database
     ) {
     private val scope = CoroutineScope(
     ioDispatcher
     ,
     

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103. FakeDatabase(),
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository( )
     repository.initialize()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     Injecting dispatchers
     

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104. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = ,
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     advanceUntilIdle()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     FakeDatabase()
     

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105. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     advanceUntilIdle()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     this: TestScope
     

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106. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     advanceUntilIdle()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     

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107. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     advanceUntilIdle()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     Repo(...)
     

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108. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     advanceUntilIdle()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     fun initialize() {
     scope.launch {
     database.populate()
     }
     }
     Repo(...)
     

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109. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     advanceUntilIdle()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     Repo(...)
     db.populate()
     fun initialize() {
     scope.launch {
     database.populate()
     }
     }
     

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110. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     advanceUntilIdle()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     Repo(...)
     db.populate()
     

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111. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     advanceUntilIdle()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     Repo(...) db.populate()
     

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112. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     advanceUntilIdle()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     Repo(...) db.populate() db.read()
     suspend fun fetchData() =
     withContext(ioDispatcher) {
     database.read()
     }
     

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113. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     advanceUntilIdle()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     Repo(...) db.populate() db.read() assert()
     

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114. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     advanceUntilIdle()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     fun initialize() {
     scope.launch {
     database.populate()
     }
     }
     This is a bad API, don’t do this
     

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115. Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize().await().
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     fun initialize(): Deferred {
     return scope.async {
     }
     }
     database.populate()
     

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116. suspend fun initialize() {
     }
     Injecting dispatchers
     @Test
     fun repoTest() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(
     database = FakeDatabase(),
     ioDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher(testScheduler),
     )
     repository.initialize()
     val data = repository.fetchData()
     assertEquals("Hello world", data)
     }
     database.populate()
     

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117. Handling the Main dispatcher
     A UI thread without a UI
     

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118. Handling the Main dispatcher
     class HomeViewModel : ViewModel() {
     private val _message = MutableStateFlow("")
     val message: StateFlow get() = _message
     fun loadMessage() {
     viewModelScope.launch {
     _message.value = "Greetings!"
     }
     }
     }
     

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119. Handling the Main dispatcher
     class HomeViewModel : ViewModel() {
     private val _message = MutableStateFlow("")
     val message: StateFlow get() = _message
     fun loadMessage() {
     viewModelScope.launch {
     _message.value = "Greetings!"
     }
     }
     }
     

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120. Handling the Main dispatcher
     }
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     

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121. Handling the Main dispatcher
     }
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     java.lang.IllegalStateException: Module with the Main dispatcher
     had failed to initialize. For tests Dispatchers.setMain from
     kotlinx-coroutines-test module can be used
     

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122. Handling the Main dispatcher
     }
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     java.lang.IllegalStateException: Module with the Main dispatcher
     had failed to initialize. For tests Dispatchers.setMain from
     kotlinx-coroutines-test module can be used
     

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123. Handling the Main dispatcher
     val testDispatcher = UnconfinedTestDispatcher(testScheduler)
     Dispatchers.setMain(testDispatcher)
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     }
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     java.lang.IllegalStateException: Module with the Main dispatcher
     had failed to initialize. For tests Dispatchers.setMain from
     kotlinx-coroutines-test module can be used
     

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124. Handling the Main dispatcher
     val testDispatcher = UnconfinedTestDispatcher(testScheduler)
     Dispatchers.setMain(testDispatcher)
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     }
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     java.lang.IllegalStateException: Module with the Main dispatcher
     had failed to initialize. For tests Dispatchers.setMain from
     kotlinx-coroutines-test module can be used
     this: TestScope
     

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125. java.lang.IllegalStateException: Module with the Main dispatcher
     had failed to initialize. For tests Dispatchers.setMain from
     kotlinx-coroutines-test module can be used
     Handling the Main dispatcher
     val testDispatcher = UnconfinedTestDispatcher(testScheduler)
     Dispatchers.setMain(testDispatcher)
     try {
     } finally {
     Dispatchers.resetMain()
     }
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     }
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     

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126. Handling the Main dispatcher
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     val testDispatcher = UnconfinedTestDispatcher(testScheduler)
     Dispatchers.setMain(testDispatcher)
     try {
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     } finally {
     Dispatchers.resetMain()
     }
     }
     

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127. Handling the Main dispatcher
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     val testDispatcher = UnconfinedTestDispatcher(testScheduler)
     Dispatchers.setMain(testDispatcher)
     try {
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     } finally {
     Dispatchers.resetMain()
     }
     } fun loadMessage() {
     viewModelScope.launch {
     _message.value = "Greetings!"
     }
     }
     

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128. Handling the Main dispatcher
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     val testDispatcher = UnconfinedTestDispatcher(testScheduler)
     try {
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     } finally {
     }
     }
     Dispatchers.setMain(testDispatcher)
     Dispatchers.resetMain()
     

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129. Handling the Main dispatcher
     class MainDispatcherRule(
     val testDispatcher: TestDispatcher = UnconfinedTestDispatcher(),
     ) : TestWatcher() {
     override fun starting(description: Description) {
     }
     override fun finished(description: Description) {
     }
     }
     Dispatchers.setMain(testDispatcher)
     Dispatchers.resetMain()
     

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130. Handling the Main dispatcher
     class HomeViewModelTestUsingRule {
     @get:Rule
     val mainDispatcherRule = MainDispatcherRule()
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     }
     }
     

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131. class HomeViewModelTestUsingRule {
     @get:Rule
     val mainDispatcherRule = MainDispatcherRule()
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     Handling the Main dispatcher
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     }
     }
     

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132. Handling the Main dispatcher
     val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
     viewModel.loadMessage()
     assertEquals("Greetings!", viewModel.message.value)
     If you replace the Main dispatcher with a TestDispatcher,
     all new TestDispatchers will automatically share its scheduler
     class HomeViewModelTestUsingRule {
     @get:Rule
     val mainDispatcherRule = MainDispatcherRule()
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     }
     }
     

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133. Handling the Main dispatcher
     val unconfinedDispatcher = UnconfinedTestDispatcher()
     val standardDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher()
     class HomeViewModelTestUsingRule {
     @get:Rule
     val mainDispatcherRule = MainDispatcherRule()
     @Test
     fun testGreeting() = runTest {
     }
     }
     If you replace the Main dispatcher with a TestDispatcher,
     all new TestDispatchers will automatically share its scheduler
     

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134. Flows
     Suspenseful streams
     

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135. Flows
     interface DataSource {
     fun counts(): Flow
     }
     class Repository(private val dataSource: DataSource) {
     fun scores(): Flow {
     return dataSource.counts().map { it * 10 }
     }
     }
     

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136. Flows
     Test Repository Fake Data Source
     

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137. Flows
     interface DataSource {
     fun counts(): Flow
     }
     class Repository(private val dataSource: DataSource) {
     fun scores(): Flow {
     return dataSource.counts().map { it * 10 }
     }
     }
     

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138. Flows
     interface DataSource {
     fun counts(): Flow
     }
     class Repository(private val dataSource: DataSource) {
     fun scores(): Flow {
     return dataSource.counts().map { it * 10 }
     }
     }
     class ColdFakeDataSource : DataSource {
     override fun counts(): Flow {
     return flowOf(1, 2, 3, 4)
     }
     }
     

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139. Flows
     @Test
     fun useTerminalOperators() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(ColdFakeDataSource())
     }
     

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140. Flows
     @Test
     fun useTerminalOperators() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(ColdFakeDataSource())
     val first = repository.scores().first()
     assertEquals(10, first)
     }
     

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141. Flows
     @Test
     fun useTerminalOperators() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(ColdFakeDataSource())
     val first = repository.scores().first()
     assertEquals(10, first)
     val values = repository.scores().toList()
     assertEquals(10, values[0])
     assertEquals(20, values[1])
     assertEquals(4, values.size)
     }
     

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142. Flows
     @Test
     fun useTerminalOperators() = runTest {
     val repository = Repository(ColdFakeDataSource())
     val first = repository.scores().first()
     assertEquals(10, first)
     val values = repository.scores().toList()
     assertEquals(10, values[0])
     assertEquals(20, values[1])
     assertEquals(4, values.size)
     val someValues = repository.scores().take(2).toList()
     assertEquals(10, someValues[0])
     assertEquals(20, someValues[1])
     }
     

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143. Flows
     class HotFakeDataSource : DataSource {
     private val flow = MutableSharedFlow()
     suspend fun emit(value: Int) = flow.emit(value)
     override fun counts(): Flow = flow
     }
     

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144. Flows
     class HotFakeDataSource : DataSource {
     private val flow = MutableSharedFlow()
     suspend fun emit(value: Int) = flow.emit(value)
     override fun counts(): Flow = flow
     }
     

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145. Flows
     class HotFakeDataSource : DataSource {
     private val flow = MutableSharedFlow()
     suspend fun emit(value: Int) = flow.emit(value)
     override fun counts(): Flow = flow
     }
     

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146. Flows
     @Test
     fun continuouslyCollect() = runTest {
     val dataSource = HotFakeDataSource()
     val repository = Repository(dataSource)
     }
     

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147. Flows
     @Test
     fun continuouslyCollect() = runTest {
     val dataSource = HotFakeDataSource()
     val repository = Repository(dataSource)
     val values = mutableListOf()
     }
     

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148. Flows
     launch(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
     collect {
     values += it
     }
     }
     @Test
     fun continuouslyCollect() = runTest {
     val dataSource = HotFakeDataSource()
     val repository = Repository(dataSource)
     val values = mutableListOf()
     }
     repository.scores().
     

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149. Flows
     launch(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
     toList(values)
     }
     repository.scores().
     @Test
     fun continuouslyCollect() = runTest {
     val dataSource = HotFakeDataSource()
     val repository = Repository(dataSource)
     val values = mutableListOf()
     }
     

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150. Flows
     launch(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
     }
     }
     @Test
     fun continuouslyCollect() = runTest {
     val dataSource = HotFakeDataSource()
     val repository = Repository(dataSource)
     val values = mutableListOf()
     dataSource.emit(1)
     assertEquals(10, values[0])
     repository.scores().toList(values)
     val collectJob =
     

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151. Flows
     launch(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
     }
     }
     @Test
     fun continuouslyCollect() = runTest {
     val dataSource = HotFakeDataSource()
     val repository = Repository(dataSource)
     val values = mutableListOf()
     dataSource.emit(1)
     assertEquals(10, values[0])
     repository.scores().toList(values)
     val collectJob =
     

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152. Flows
     val collectJob =
     collectJob.cancel()
     @Test
     fun continuouslyCollect() = runTest {
     val dataSource = HotFakeDataSource()
     val repository = Repository(dataSource)
     val values = mutableListOf()
     dataSource.emit(1)
     assertEquals(10, values[0])
     repository.scores().toList(values)
     launch(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
     }
     }
     

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153. Flows
     @Test
     fun continuouslyCollect() = runTest {
     val dataSource = HotFakeDataSource()
     val repository = Repository(dataSource)
     val values = mutableListOf()
     dataSource.emit(1)
     assertEquals(10, values[0])
     repository.scores().toList(values)
     this: TestScope
     backgroundScope.launch(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
     }
     }
     

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154. backgroundScope.launch(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
     repository.scores().toList(values)
     }
     dataSource.emit(1)
     assertEquals(10, values[0])
     dataSource.emit(2)
     dataSource.emit(3)
     assertEquals(30, values.last())
     assertEquals(3, values.size)
     }
     @Test
     fun continuouslyCollect() = runTest {
     val dataSource = HotFakeDataSource()
     val repository = Repository(dataSource)
     val values = mutableListOf()
     Flows
     

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155. View Slide

156. StateFlows
     Look! It’s a stream! It’s a state holder!
     

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157. Stream
     StateFlows
     State holder
     

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158. interface MyRepository {
     fun scores(): Flow
     }
     class MyViewModel(private val myRepository: MyRepository) : ViewModel() {
     private val _data = MutableStateFlow(0)
     val data: StateFlow = _data.asStateFlow()
     fun initialize() {
     viewModelScope.launch {
     myRepository.scores().collect { score ->
     _data.value = score
     }
     }
     }
     }
     StateFlows
     

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159. interface MyRepository {
     fun scores(): Flow
     }
     class MyViewModel(private val myRepository: MyRepository) : ViewModel() {
     private val _data = MutableStateFlow(0)
     val data: StateFlow = _data.asStateFlow()
     fun initialize() {
     viewModelScope.launch {
     myRepository.scores().collect { score ->
     _data.value = score
     }
     }
     }
     }
     StateFlows
     

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160. interface MyRepository {
     fun scores(): Flow
     }
     class MyViewModel(private val myRepository: MyRepository) : ViewModel() {
     private val _data = MutableStateFlow(0)
     val data: StateFlow = _data.asStateFlow()
     fun initialize() {
     viewModelScope.launch {
     myRepository.scores().collect { score ->
     _data.value = score
     }
     }
     }
     }
     StateFlows
     

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161. interface MyRepository {
     fun scores(): Flow
     }
     class MyViewModel(private val myRepository: MyRepository) : ViewModel() {
     private val _data = MutableStateFlow(0)
     val data: StateFlow = _data.asStateFlow()
     fun initialize() {
     viewModelScope.launch {
     myRepository.scores().collect { score ->
     _data.value = score
     }
     }
     }
     }
     StateFlows
     

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162. StateFlows
     Test ViewModel Fake Repository
     

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163. StateFlows
     class HotFakeRepository : MyRepository {
     private val flow = MutableSharedFlow()
     suspend fun emit(value: Int) = flow.emit(value)
     override fun scores(): Flow = flow
     }
     

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164. @get:Rule
     val mainDispatcherRule = MainDispatcherRule()
     StateFlows
     @Test
     fun testHotFakeRepository() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     }
     

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165. @get:Rule
     val mainDispatcherRule = MainDispatcherRule()
     StateFlows
     @Test
     fun testHotFakeRepository() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     }
     

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166. StateFlows
     @Test
     fun testHotFakeRepository() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     assertEquals(0, viewModel.data.value)
     }
     

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167. StateFlows
     @Test
     fun testHotFakeRepository() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     assertEquals(0, viewModel.data.value)
     viewModel.initialize()
     }
     fun initialize() {
     viewModelScope.launch {
     myRepository.scores().collect { score ->
     _data.value = score
     }
     }
     }
     

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168. StateFlows
     @Test
     fun testHotFakeRepository() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     assertEquals(0, viewModel.data.value)
     viewModel.initialize()
     fakeRepository.emit(1)
     assertEquals(1, viewModel.data.value)
     }
     

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169. StateFlows
     @Test
     fun testHotFakeRepository() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     assertEquals(0, viewModel.data.value)
     viewModel.initialize()
     fakeRepository.emit(1)
     assertEquals(1, viewModel.data.value)
     fakeRepository.emit(2)
     fakeRepository.emit(3)
     assertEquals(3, viewModel.data.value)
     }
     

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170. StateFlows
     @Test
     fun testHotFakeRepository() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     assertEquals(0, viewModel.data.value)
     viewModel.initialize()
     fakeRepository.emit(1)
     assertEquals(1, viewModel.data.value)
     fakeRepository.emit(2)
     fakeRepository.emit(3)
     assertEquals(3, viewModel.data.value)
     }
     

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171. StateFlows
     @Test
     fun testHotFakeRepository() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     assertEquals(0, viewModel.data.value)
     viewModel.initialize()
     fakeRepository.emit(1)
     assertEquals(1, viewModel.data.value)
     fakeRepository.emit(2)
     fakeRepository.emit(3)
     assertEquals(3, viewModel.data.value)
     }
     

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172. StateFlows with stateIn
     private val _data = MutableStateFlow(0)
     _data.asStateFlow()
     fun initialize() {
     .launch {
     .collect { count ->
     _data.value = count
     }
     }
     }
     myRepository: MyRepository
     myRepository.scores()
     class MyViewModel(
     ) : ViewModel() {
     private val
     viewModelScope
     val data: StateFlow =
     }
     

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173. StateFlows with stateIn
     myRepository: MyRepository
     myRepository.scores()
     .stateIn( , SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000), 0)
     class MyViewModel(
     ) : ViewModel() {
     viewModelScope
     val data: StateFlow =
     }
     

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174. StateFlows with stateIn
     @Test
     fun testLazilySharingViewModel() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     assertEquals(0, viewModel.data.value)
     fakeRepository.emit(1)
     assertEquals(1, viewModel.data.value)
     }
     

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175. StateFlows with stateIn
     @Test
     fun testLazilySharingViewModel() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     assertEquals(0, viewModel.data.value)
     fakeRepository.emit(1)
     assertEquals(1, viewModel.data.value)
     }
     

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176. StateFlows with stateIn
     class MyViewModel(
     myRepository: MyRepository
     ) : ViewModel() {
     val data: StateFlow = myRepository.scores()
     .stateIn(viewModelScope, SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000), 0)
     }
     

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177. StateFlows with stateIn
     class MyViewModel(
     myRepository: MyRepository
     ) : ViewModel() {
     val data: StateFlow = myRepository.scores()
     .stateIn(viewModelScope, , 0)
     }
     Test ViewModel Fake Repository
     SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000)
     

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178. StateFlows with stateIn
     class MyViewModel(
     myRepository: MyRepository
     ) : ViewModel() {
     val data: StateFlow = myRepository.scores()
     .stateIn(viewModelScope, , 0)
     }
     Test ViewModel Fake Repository
     SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000)
     

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179. StateFlows with stateIn
     class MyViewModel(
     myRepository: MyRepository
     ) : ViewModel() {
     val data: StateFlow = myRepository.scores()
     .stateIn(viewModelScope, , 0)
     }
     Test ViewModel Fake Repository
     SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000)
     

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180. StateFlows with stateIn
     class MyViewModel(
     myRepository: MyRepository
     ) : ViewModel() {
     val data: StateFlow = myRepository.scores()
     .stateIn(viewModelScope, SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000), 0)
     }
     Test ViewModel Fake Repository
     

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181. StateFlows with stateIn
     class MyViewModel(
     myRepository: MyRepository
     ) : ViewModel() {
     val data: StateFlow = myRepository.scores()
     .stateIn(viewModelScope, SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000), 0)
     }
     Test ViewModel Fake Repository
     

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182. StateFlows with stateIn
     class MyViewModel(
     myRepository: MyRepository
     ) : ViewModel() {
     val data: StateFlow = myRepository.scores()
     .stateIn(viewModelScope, SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000), 0)
     } SharingStarted.Lazily
     Test ViewModel Fake Repository
     

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183. StateFlows with stateIn
     @Test
     fun testLazilySharingViewModel() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     }
     assertEquals(0, viewModel.data.value)
     fakeRepository.emit(1)
     assertEquals(1, viewModel.data.value)
     

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184. assertEquals(0, viewModel.data.value)
     fakeRepository.emit(1)
     assertEquals(1, viewModel.data.value)
     StateFlows with stateIn
     @Test
     fun testLazilySharingViewModel() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     backgroundScope.launch(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
     viewModel.data.collect()
     }
     }
     

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185. assertEquals(0, viewModel.data.value)
     fakeRepository.emit(1)
     assertEquals(1, viewModel.data.value)
     StateFlows with stateIn
     @Test
     fun testLazilySharingViewModel() = runTest {
     val fakeRepository = HotFakeRepository()
     val viewModel = MyViewModel(fakeRepository)
     backgroundScope.launch(UnconfinedTestDispatcher()) {
     viewModel.data.collect()
     }
     }
     

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186. Summary
     What did we learn today?
     

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187. Summary
     ● Use runTest for tests with coroutines
     ● Inject dispatchers into your classes to make them testable
     ● Create TestDispatchers as needed, always share a single scheduler
     ● Replace the Main dispatcher in unit tests (also simplifies sharing!)
     ● Use backgroundScope to create Flow collectors
     

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188. Resources
     ● goo.gle/coroutine-test-guide
     ● goo.gle/flow-test-guide
     ● github.com/cashapp/turbine
     

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189. Thank you, and
     don’t forget
     to vote!
     KotlinConf’23
     Amsterdam
     Márton Braun @zsmb13
     Developer Relations Engineer
     Google
     

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