Human Computer Interaction and Safety Critical Systems

HCI, SCS, Human Errors, Human Factors, Don Norman, Swiss Cheese Model, Schneiderman, Nielsen, Reason's Action Stages, Error Analysis, Complex Systems

Transcript

1. Human Computer
   Interaction and
   Safety Critical
   Systems
   By Aleksandrs Cudars
   

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2. Introduction
   • Safety Critical System
   • Normal Accident Theory
   • Human Factors and HCI
   • Human Errors
   • Reason’s “Swiss Cheese”
   • HFACS
   • Norman’s “Action Stages”
   • HCI in Health Care
   

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3. Safety Critical System
   • complex system
   • system failure could result in loss
   of life, damage to property or
   harm environment
   

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4. Normal Accident Theory
   • complex system
   • tightly-coupled
   • errors are inevitable
   

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5. Human Factors
   • Human
    Skills
    Motivation
    Experience
    Fatigue
   • Human – Human
    Collaboration
    Communication
    Coordination
   • Human – Environment
    Efficiency & Effectiveness
    Memorability & Learnability
   

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6. Human Factors
   HCI
   

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7. Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
   • study, planning, design and uses of
   the interaction between people (users) and
   computers
   • Usability
    Effectiveness
    Efficiency
    Satisfaction
    Nielsen’s Heuristics
    Schneiderman’s Golden Rules
   

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9. Human Errors
   

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10. Asking the relevant
    questions…
    • How to design?
    • How to evaluate?
    • How to help?
    • How to prevent?
    

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11. Accident Chain and
    Reason’s “Swiss Cheese”
    

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12. Swiss Cheese model of Action
    Reason, James. Human error. Cambridge university press, 1990.
    

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13. HFACS
    

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14. HFACS
    

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15. HFACS
    

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16. HFACS
    

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17. Norman’s “Action Stages”
    

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18. Seven Stages of Action
    Norman, Donald A. "Cognitive
    engineering." User centered system
    design(1986): 31-61.
    goals
    execution perception
    interpretation
    action specific
    evaluation
    intention
    

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20. Case: Problems in Health Care
    • Medical errors caused by medical device
    • ~50% of medical devices are poorly designed (hardware and software)
    • Interface Design, Usability Testing, UCD
    • Use errors > device failures
    • Human factors engineering
     User Analysis + Functional Analysis + Task Analysis + Representational Analysis
    • Heuristic Evaluation
     Limited, yet practical
    • Systems before humans
    

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21. Summary
    • Safety Critical System
    • Normal Accident Theory
    • Human Factors and HCI
    • Human Errors
    • Reason’s “Swiss Cheese”
    • HFACS
    • Norman’s “Action Stages”
    • HCI in Healthcare
    

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22. References
    • M. Grabowski, S. D. Sanborn, “Human performance and embedded intelligent
    technology in safety-critical systems”. International journal of human-computer
    studies, 2003, 58(6), pp. 637-670.
    • A. Dix, et. al. “Human-Computer Interaction”. Third Edition, Prentice
    Hall/Pearson Publishing, 2004.
    • J. C. Knight, “Safety critical systems: challenges and directions”. Proceedings of
    the 24rd International Conference, 2002, pp. 547-550.
    • G. Johannsen, et. al. “Human system interface concerns in support system
    design”. Automatica, 1983,19(6), pp. 595-603.
    • D. J. Pumfrey, “The principled design of computer system safety analyses”.
    Doctoral dissertation, University of York,1999.
    • J. Reason, Human error. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
    • D. Norman, “Cognitive engineering“. User Centered System Design, 1986, pp.
    31-61.
    • R. Bridger, “A Guide to Understanding Human Factors and Human Behaviour in
    Safety Management and Accident Investigation”. Crown Copyright, 2012.
    • C. Power, J. Fox, “Comparing the comprehensiveness of three expert
    inspection methodologies for detecting errors in interactive systems”. Safety
    Science, Vol. 62, 2013, pp. 286-294.
    • S.A. Shappell, and D.A. Wiegmann, “The Human Factors Analysis and
    Classification System - HFACS”, National Technical Information Service, 2000.
    • R. L. Wears and N. G. Leveson. "Safeware”: safety-critical computing and
    healthcare information technology." Advances in patient safety: new
    directions and alternative approaches 4, 2008, pp. 1-10.
    • R. Cook, and M. O’Connor. "Thinking about accidents and
    systems." Medication safety: A guide for healthcare facilities. Bethesda, MD:
    American Society of Health Systems Pharmacists, 2005, pp.73-88.
    • Zhang, Jiajie, et al. "Using usability heuristics to evaluate patient safety of
    medical devices." Journal of biomedical informatics 36.1 (2003): 23-30.
    • “Human Factors in Healthcare A Concordat from the National Quality
    Board”. Available online: http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-
    content/uploads/2013/11/nqb-hum-fact-concord.pdf
    

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23. Human Computer
    Interaction and
    Safety Critical
    Systems
    By Aleksandrs Cudars
    

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