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International Society for Behavioural Ecology

Alice Trevail
August 01, 2016

International Society for Behavioural Ecology

Poster presentation on the interaction between the environment and behaviour at ISBE, Exeter, August 2016

Alice Trevail

August 01, 2016
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  1. Results Differences in resource predictability Puffin Island = unpredictable •

    Low stratification: water column vertically mixed & spatially homogenous so no areas of predictable resources Skomer Island = predictable • Higher stratification & shallow islands create predictable ‘hotspots’ Differences in individual consistency (IC) • Relatively high within-trip consistency in habitat selection • Consistency may be higher at Skomer, where predictability is higher, however a larger sample size is needed. 3 Does environmental predictability drive individual behavioural consistency? Alice M Trevail1, Jonathan A Green1, Jonathan Sharples1, Jeff Polton2 & Samantha C Patrick1 1University of Liverpool, UK; 2National Oceanography Centre, UK [email protected] @AliceTrevail Methods Seabird tracking Study species: Black legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) • Central place forager • Key indicator species in marine policy GPS loggers (i-gotU) deployed during chick provisioning and retrieved after multiple foraging trips by re-capture. High temporal resolution (2 mins); two colonies: 1. Puffin Island: 505 trips; 59 individuals; 6 years (2010-11 & 13-16) 2. Skomer Island: 22 trips; 10 individuals (3x1 trip, 4x2 trips & 2x4 trips); 1 year (2016) Resource predictability & Habitat characteristics Ocean processes » areas of nutrient for primary production » predictable resource hotspots Static habitat variables provide measure of ocean processes:  Depth 13: drives currents and water column structure 14-15  Tidal stratification 16: Determines nutrient availability in light zone for primary production 17. Fixed for tidal cycle Above variables extracted for all GPS points Individual consistency Consistency = Proportion of variance in habitat explained by individual and foraging trip as random effects in GLMM 18 • Individual consistency: within individual & between trips • Trip consistency: within individual & within trips Study from first year of PhD 2 Future work • Habitat use of dynamic features » does this explain higher within-trip consistency? • More study sites with different resource predictability • Time-lapse cameras at breeding colonies to explore fitness consequences and interaction with the environment References 1. Bolnick et al (2003) Amer Nat. 16: 1-28 2. Araújo et al (2011) Ecol Letters. 14: 948-58 3. Bolnick et al (2011) Trends Eco. Evol. 24: 183-192 4. Hughes et al (2008) Ecol Letters 11:609-623 5. Anderson et al (2009) Polar Biol. 32:27-33 6. Patrick & Weimerskirch (2014) Biol Letters. 10:20140630 7. Agashe et al (2010) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 277: 2915- 2924 8. Patrick et al (2014) PLoS ONE. 9: e87269 9. Humphries & Sims (2014) J Theor Biol. 358: 179-193 10. Krasnov et al (2006) Parasitology 133:81-88 11. Svensson-Coelho et al (2016) Mol Ecol DOI: 10.1111/mec.13758 12. Angerbjorn et al (2004) DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515562.003.0008 13. GEBCO (Global bathymetric grid); updated 2014; 30”Resolution 14. Piatt et al (2006) Deep Sea Res II. 53: 387-398 15. Yen et al (2004) J Mar Syst. 50: 79-99 16. Calculated as log10(bathymetry/(M2 tidal speed)3). M2 tidal speed generated from 3D hydrostatic simulation of NW European shelf using NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean; configuration AMM60); 1.8km resolution 17. Scott et al (2010) Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 408: 207-226 18. Nakagawa & Schielzeth (2010) Biol Rev. 85: 935-956 19. Scales et al (2014) J R Soc. Interface. 11: 20140679 20. Scales et al (2016) Ecography. DOI: 10.1111/ecog.02272 21. Araujo et al (2008) Ecology. 89: 1981-1983 22. Svanback et al (2007) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 274: 839-844 23. Layman et al (2007) Ecol Letters. 10: 937-944 24. Darimont et al (2009) J Anim Ecol. 78: 126-133 25. Guilford et al (2011) PLoS ONE. 6: e21336 26. Sargeant & Mann (2009) Anim Behav. 78: 715-721 27. Hunt et al (2007) Biol Letters. 3: 173-175 Discussion • Higher within-trip consistency may suggest use of spatially dynamic ocean processes 19-20 • Predictable resources may favour consistent behaviour  Increased intraspecific competition at hotspots » could lead to niche divergence/consistency 21-22  Predictability may increase opportunity to specialise 23-24  Individual exploration-refinement 25 or learning 26-27 4 5 Tracking data from two individual kittiwakes during multiple foraging trips (different colours). Colony = . GPS logger attached to feathers with Tesa® tape -5.5 -5.4 -5.3 -5.2 51.7 51.8 51.9 52 Longitude (°) Latitude (°) Skomer Island -4.4 -4.3 -4.2 -4.1 -4 53.3 53.4 53.5 53.6 Longitude (°) Latitude (°) Puffin Island Introduction Consistent individual differences in behaviour (personality): Widespread1 & have implications for ecological processes 2-4, population dynamics 5-6 and potential for evolution 7. Individual foraging consistencies8 vary between populations & species yet this is poorly understood: may relate to resource distribution? 9-12 Here, we explore how environmental predictability relates to individual foraging consistency between populations 1 0.0 0.2 0.4 Puffin Skomer Colony Consistency Individual consistency Depth Stratification 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Puffin Skomer Colony Consistency Within-trip consistency Depth Stratification Error bars: confidence intervals Error bars: confidence intervals