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2014 Pre-MSc-IS-3 Persistence Layer

andreasmartin
September 11, 2014

2014 Pre-MSc-IS-3 Persistence Layer

Programme: Master of Science in Business Information Systems FHNW
Course: Pre-Master Information Systems
Topic: Persistence Layer

andreasmartin

September 11, 2014
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  1. Andreas Martin - Page 1 Master of Science in Business

    Information Systems FHNW Pre-Master Information Systems 3. Persistence Layer Andreas Martin 3. Persistence Layer http://www.flickr.com/photos/shandrew/3327258963
  2. Andreas Martin - Page 2 Persistence Layer  Object- Relational

    Mapping (ORM)  Java Persistence API (JPA)  Java Transaction API (JTA)  Hands-on:  Hands-on 1: JAVA PERSISTENCE  Hands-on 2: MANAGING PERSISTENT OBJECTS 3. Persistence Layer
  3. The Latte Macchiato «Layering» Principle http://www.flickr.com/photos/tf28/4367660424 Presentation Layer Goal: Display

    of information, processing / forwarding of user interactions. Technologies: JavaServer Faces (JSF), JavaServer Pages (JSP), Servlets, etc. Business (Logic) Layer Goal: Reproduction of actions or «verbs» of the application (buy a book, print an order, deliver a book, etc.). Technologies: Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs) Persistence Layer Goal: Reproduction of database attributes, information or «nouns» in object / class attributes (Object-Relational Mapping, ORM). Technologies: Java Persistence API (JPA)
  4. Andreas Martin - Page 5 JPA Specification at a Glance

     ORM: Mapping of java objects and database relations.  Entity manager API: Database operations like: Create, Read, Update, Delete (CRUD).  Java Persistence Query Language (JPQL): Object oriented query language.  Java Transaction API (JTA): Transaction mechanism. 3. Persistence Layer Source: Goncalves, 2010: Beginning Java™ EE 6 Platform with GlassFish™ 3 – Code (Apache-2.0 license): http://kenai.com/projects/beginningee6/
  5. Andreas Martin - Page 6 Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) 3. Persistence

    Layer Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  6. Andreas Martin - Page 7 Object-Relational Mapping (ORM)  @Entity:

    declares a database relation.  @Id: defines the primary key value(s).  @GeneratedValue: defines a value the will be automatically generated.  @Column: can be used to modify the standard mapping behaviour. 3. Persistence Layer Listing: A Simple Book Entity @Entity public class Book { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; @Column(nullable = false) private String title; private Float price; @Column(length = 2000) private String description; private String isbn; private Integer nbOfPage; private Boolean illustrations; // Constructors, getters, setters } Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  7. Andreas Martin - Page 8 Simple Example of a Book

    Entity 3. Persistence Layer Listing: Simple Example of a Book Entity @Entity public class Book { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) private Long id; private String title; private Float price; private String description; private String isbn; private Integer nbOfPage; private Boolean illustrations; public Book() { } // Getters, setters } Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  8. Andreas Martin - Page 9 Simple Example of a Book

    Entity 3. Persistence Layer Listing: Simple Example of a Book Entity @Entity public class Book { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) private Long id; private String title; private Float price; private String description; private String isbn; private Integer nbOfPage; private Boolean illustrations; public Book() { } // Getters, setters } Listing: Structure of the BOOK Table CREATE TABLE BOOK ( ID BIGINT NOT NULL, TITLE VARCHAR(255), PRICE DOUBLE(52, 0), DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(255), ISBN VARCHAR(255), NBOFPAGE INTEGER, ILLUSTRATIONS SMALLINT, PRIMARY KEY (ID) ); Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  9. Andreas Martin - Page 10 Querying Entities using JPQL and

    EntityManager 3. Persistence Layer EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("primary"); EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager(); em.persist(book);  The methods persist() and find() will be transferred by the EntityManager into JDBC calls (INSERT or SELECT SQL statements). Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  10. Andreas Martin - Page 11 Listing: A findBookByTitle Named Query

    @Entity @NamedQuery(name = "findBookWithTitleJava", query = "SELECT b FROM Book b WHERE b.title =‘Java'") public class Book { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; @Column(nullable = false) private String title; private Float price; @Column(length = 2000) private String description; private String isbn; private Integer nbOfPage; private Boolean illustrations; // Constructors, getters, setters } Querying Entities using JPQL and EntityManager  Instead of using native SQL, it is more sophisticated to use JPQL:  SELECT b FROM Book b WHERE b.title = ‘Java‘;  JPQL is similar to SQL, which adds the object-point notation. 3. Persistence Layer Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  11. Andreas Martin - Page 13 Predefined Projects - Hands-on Projects

    @ GitHub …will be used for all the hands-on’s 1. First download “Hands-on Projects @ GitHub” ZIP- file from Moodle and extract it into a folder. 2. Import predefined projects in Eclipse: 3. Persistence Layer
  12. Andreas Martin - Page 14 Database Connection …will be used

    for the next two hands-on’s  Create or modify the persistence.xml file:  Choose another student ‘number’ to avoid overwriting. 3. Persistence Layer <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"> <persistence-unit name="primary" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> <properties> <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="premscis"/> <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="premscis"/> <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql://mature.iwi.wirtschaft.fhnw.ch:80/student0"/> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class" value="org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider"/> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence>
  13. Andreas Martin - Page 15 Hands-on 1: Overview  Now

    we know what an entity or the entity manager is.  In this hands-on we are going to write a small application, which stores an entity into a database.  Create a Book entity and a Main class including a main method, that stores a book entry into our MySQL database (use the premscis scheme).  Use the predefined maven project and watch out the pre- configurations. 3. Persistence Layer
  14. Andreas Martin - Page 16 Hands-on 1 1. Import (or

    create from blueprint) the hands-on-1 project. All the source code will be placed into the ch.fhnw.mscbis.premscis.handson1 package. 2. Create a Book entity with the following attributes: id, title, price, description, isbn, numberOfPages and illustrations. Choose the right datatypes. 3. Generate Getter & Setter methods. 3. Persistence Layer
  15. Andreas Martin - Page 17 Hands-on 1 4. Create a

    Main class and a main method where you create a book. 3. Persistence Layer // Create a book EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("primary"); EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager(); EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction(); tx.begin(); em.persist(book); tx.commit(); em.close(); emf.close();
  16. Andreas Martin - Page 19 @Table  @Table(name = ""):

    is used to define the name of the database table.  Btw.: @javax.persistence.Table would be the full path to the annotation, we can use the short form in combination with an include. 3. Persistence Layer Listing: The Book Entity Being Mapped to a T_BOOK Table @Entity @Table(name = "t_book") public class Book { @Id private Long id; private String title; private Float price; private String description; private String isbn; private Integer nbOfPage; private Boolean illustrations; public Book() { } // Getters and setters } Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  17. Andreas Martin - Page 20 @SecondaryTable 3. Persistence Layer Adapted

    from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  18. Andreas Martin - Page 21 @SecondaryTable 3. Persistence Layer Listing:

    Attributes of the Address Entity Mapped in Three Different Tables @Entity @SecondaryTables( { @SecondaryTable(name = "city"), @SecondaryTable(name = "country") }) public class Address { @Id private Long id; private String street1; private String street2; @Column(table = "city") private String city; @Column(table = "city") private String state; @Column(table = "city") private String zipcode; @Column(table = "country") private String country; // Constructors, getters, setters } Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  19. Andreas Martin - Page 22 Composite Primary Key using @EmbeddedId

    3. Persistence Layer Listing: DDL of the NEWS Table with a Composite Primary Key create table NEWS ( CONTENT VARCHAR(255), TITLE VARCHAR(255) not null, LANGUAGE VARCHAR(255) not null, primary key (TITLE, LANGUAGE) ); Listing: The Entity Embeds the Primary Key Class with @EmbeddedId @Entity public class News { @EmbeddedId private NewsId id; private String content; // … } Listing: The Primary Key Class Is Annotated with @Embeddable @Embeddable public class NewsId { private String title; private String language; // … } Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  20. Andreas Martin - Page 23 Relationship Mapping 3. Persistence Layer

    Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7 Annotation Direction @OneToOne Unidirectional @OneToOne Bidirectional @OneToMany Unidirectional @ManyToOne / @OneToMany Bidirectional @ManyToOne Unidirectional @ManyToMany Unidirectional @ManyToMany Bidirectional All possible mappings:
  21. Andreas Martin - Page 24 @OneToOne 3. Persistence Layer Adapted

    from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7 Listing: The Customer Entity @Entity public class Customer { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String firstName; private String lastName; private String email; private String phoneNumber; @OneToOne @JoinColumn(name = "address_fk") private Address address; // Constructors, getters, setters } Listing: An Address Entity @Entity public class Address { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String street1; private String street2; private String city; private String state; private String zipcode; private String country; @OneToOne(mappedBy = "address") private Customer customer; // Constructors, getters, setters }
  22. Andreas Martin - Page 25 @OneToMany Unidirectional 3. Persistence Layer

    Listing: The Order Entity with a Join Column @Entity public class Order { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) private Date creationDate; @OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER) @JoinColumn(name = "order_fk") private List<OrderLine> orderLines; // Constructors, getters, setters } Listing: An OrderLine @Entity @Table(name = "order_line") public class OrderLine { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String item; private Double unitPrice; private Integer quantity; // Constructors, getters, setters } Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  23. Andreas Martin - Page 26 @ManyToMany Bidirectional – read &

    write 3. Persistence Layer Listing: One Artist Appears on Several CD Albums @Entity public class Artist { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String firstName; private String lastName; @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL) @JoinTable(name = "jnd_art_cd", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "artist_fk"), inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "cd_fk")) private List<CD> appearsOnCDs; // Constructors, getters, setters } Listing: One CD is Created by Several Artists @Entity public class CD { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String title; private Float price; private String description; @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL) @JoinTable(name = "jnd_art_cd", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "cd_fk"), inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "artist_fk")) private List<Artist> createdByArtists; // Constructors, getters, setters } Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  24. Andreas Martin - Page 28 Recap our Hands-on 1 3.

    Persistence Layer Listing: A Main Class Persisting and Retrieving a Book Entity public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { // 1-Create an instance of the Book entity Book book = new Book(); book.setId(1234L); book.setTitle("The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"); book.setPrice(12.5F); book.setDescription("Science fiction created by Douglas Adams."); book.setIsbn("1-84023-742-2"); book.setNbOfPage(354); book.setIllustrations(false); // 2-Get an entity manager and a transaction EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(«primary"); EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager(); EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction(); // 3-Persist the book to the database tx.begin(); em.persist(book); tx.commit(); // 4-Retrieve the book by its identifier book = em.find(Book.class, 1234L); System.out.println(book); em.close(); emf.close(); } } Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  25. Andreas Martin - Page 29 Persisting an Entity 3. Persistence

    Layer Listing: Persisting a Customer with an Address EntityManager em = …; Customer customer = new Customer("Antony", "Balla", "[email protected]"); Address address = new Address("Ritherdon Rd", "London", "8QE", "UK"); customer.setAddress(address); tx.begin(); em.persist(customer); em.persist(address); tx.commit(); assertNotNull(customer.getId()); assertNotNull(address.getId()); Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  26. Andreas Martin - Page 31 UPDATE <entity name> [[AS] <identification

    variable>] SET <update statement> {, <update statement>}* [WHERE <conditional expression>] DELETE FROM <entity name> [[AS] <identification var.>] [WHERE <conditional expression>] JPQL SELECT- Syntax DELETE- Syntax UPDATE- Syntax  The JPQL syntax is comparable to the SQL syntax is used in a MySQL or Apache Derby environment.  Extensions in JPQL e.g.: 3. Persistence Layer Source: Goncalves, 2010: Beginning Java™ EE 6 Platform with GlassFish™ 3 – Code (Apache-2.0 license): http://kenai.com/projects/beginningee6/ SELECT <expression> FROM <clause> [WHERE <conditional expression>] [ORDER BY <clause>] [GROUP BY <clause>] [HAVING <clause>] SELECT CASE b.author WHEN 'Martin' THEN b.price * 1.5 ELSE b.price * 0.8 END FROM Book b
  27. Andreas Martin - Page 32 Named Queries  Named Queries

    like Dynamic Queries: Query query = em.createNamedQuery("findAll"); List<Customer> customers = query.getResultList();  as Named Typed Query: TypedQuery<Customer> query = em.createNamedQuery("findAll", Customer.class); List<Customer> customers = query.getResultList();  and including parameters Query query = em.createNamedQuery("findWithParam"); query.setParameter("fname", "Vincent"); List<Customer> customers = query.getResultList(); 3. Persistence Layer Listing: The Customer Entity Defining Named Queries @Entity @NamedQueries( { @NamedQuery(name = "findAll", query="select c from Customer c"), @NamedQuery(name = "findVincent", query="select c from Customer c where c.firstName = 'Vincent'"), @NamedQuery(name = "findWithParam", query="select c from Customer c where c.firstName = :fname") }) public class Customer { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String firstName; /* etc. */ } Adapted from: Goncalves: Code and Models licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 License from https://github.com/agoncal/agoncal-book-javaee7
  28. Andreas Martin - Page 33 Hands-on 2 MANAGING PERSISTENT OBJECTS

    3. Persistence Layer Based on: Goncalves, 2010: Beginning Java™ EE 6 Platform with GlassFish™ 3
  29. Andreas Martin - Page 34 Hands-on 2 1. Import the

    «hands-on-2» project. 2. Create the following entities: Address and Customer  Fields of Address: id, street1, city, zipcode und country.  Fields of Customer: id, firstName, lastName, email und address.  Please give the entities a unique table name. 3. Write a main method in a Main class and enter some data into the database. 3. Persistence Layer