Scala vs Kotlin

Talk by Javi Pacheco and Antonio Leiva comparing both languages when developing Android Apps.

Transcript

1. SCALA VS KOTLIN
   Javi Pacheco
   @javielinux
   Antonio Leiva
   @lime_cl
   

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2. Introduction
   

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3. • JVM based
   • Functional Language & OOP
   • Immutability emphasis
   • Purity & Effects
   • High-order functions
   • Flexible syntax, create constructs, infix support
   Scala is LOVE
   

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4. Who’s using Scala?
   

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5. 47 Degrees Projects
   Scala Days Scala API Demos Translate Bubble
   

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6. Introduction
   

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7. • JVM based
   • Object-oriented functional language
   • Created by JetBrains (IntelliJ, Android Studio)
   • Simple,lightweight, interoperable
   

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8. • Compiled to Java bytecode
   • Open source
   • Kotlin 1.0 Beta 3
   

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9. Who’s using Kotlin?
   

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10. Who’s using Kotlin?
    BusRadar Omni Reedy Wizbii
    

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11. Hello World!
    

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12. 1. Install plugin
    

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13. 1. Install plugin
    2. Create a Kotlin class
    

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14. 1. Install plugin
    2. Create a Kotlin class
    3. Use “Configure Kotlin in Project”
    

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16. 1. Download SBT and install it
    Installation
    

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17. 1. Download SBT and install it
    2. Install Scala Plugin in IntelliJ
    Installation
    

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18. 1. Download SBT and install it
    2. Install Scala Plugin in IntelliJ
    3. Configure your project
    > sbt
    Installation
    

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19. Null handling
    

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20. val maybeArtist: Option[Artist] = getArtist()

    maybeArtist map { artist =>
    artist.print()
    }
    Some(artist) None
    artist.print() Nothing
    Option Monad
    

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21. val artist: Artist = maybeArtist getOrElse(defaultArtist)
    val maybeArtist: Option[Artist] = Option(getArtist())
    Providing a Default Value
    Java Integration
    

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22. var artist: Artist? = null

    artist.print()
    var artist: Artist? = null

    artist?.print()
    Won’t compile Won’t do anything
    if (artist != null) {

    artist.print()

    }
    Smart cast
    var artist: Artist? = null

    artist!!.print()
    It crashes!
    

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23. UI and Animations
    

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24. verticalLayout {

    val name = editText()

    button("Say Hello") {

    onClick { toast("Hello, ${name.text}!") }

    }

    }
    Anko
    

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25. Kotlin Android Extensions
    Import synthetic properties:
    import kotlinx.android.synthetic.activity_main.*
    Just use them:
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.id.main)

    }
    recycler.layoutManager = GridLayoutManager(this, 2)

    recycler.adapter = ContactsAdapter(contacts)

    

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26. • DSL focused to GUI
    • Intensive use of Macros
    • Brings the Functional Programming on Ui
    editText <~ text("foo") <~~ fadeIn <~ enable
    Macroid library
    https://github.com/47deg/functional-views-android
    

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27. Background tasks
    

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28. asyncArtist map { artist =>
    artist.print()
    }
    Future Monad
    val asyncArtist: Future[Artist] = getAsyncArtist
    val asyncFilm: Future[Film] = getAsyncLastFilm(“Barroso”)
    

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29. For Comprehensions
    val asyncFilm = for {
    artist <- getAsyncArtist
    film <- getAsyncLastFilm(artist.name)
    } yield (film)
    asyncFilm map (film => film.print())
    

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30. Anko
    async {

    val contacts = GetContactsCommand().execute(ctx)

    uiThread {

    recycler.adapter = ContactsAdapter(contacts)

    }

    }
    

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31. Kovenant (promises)
    async {

    //some (long running) operation, or just:

    1 + 1

    } then {

    i -> "result: $i"

    } successUi {

    msg -> println(msg)

    }
    

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32. Data persistence
    

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33. var myPref: Long by Preference(this, "name", 0)
    Property delegation
    val prefValue = myPref

    myPref = 20
    

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34. Anko
    ManagedSQLiteOpenHelper
    dbHelper.use {

    select("TABLE_NAME").where("_id = {id}", "id" to 20)

    }
    db.createTable("TABLE_NAME", true,

    "_id" to INTEGER + PRIMARY_KEY,

    "name" to TEXT)
    parseList / parseOpt / classParser…
    

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35. slick -> http://slick.typesafe.com/
    doobie -> https://github.com/tpolecat/doobie
    Pure functional JDBC layer for Scala
    mvessel -> https://github.com/47deg/mvessel
    JDBC driver written in Scala
    The main goal is to allow the use of ORMs in Android
    

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36. val xa = DriverManagerTransactor[IO](
    "org.postgresql.Driver", "jdbc:postgresql:world", "postgres", ""
    )
    case class Country(code: String, name: String, population: Long)
    def find(n: String): ConnectionIO[Option[Country]] =
    sql"select code, name from country where name = $n”.query[Country].option
    find("France").transact(xa).unsafePerformIO
    Some(Country(FRA, France))
    Doobie Sample
    

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37. Testing
    

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38. Unit Testing
    specs2 -> https://etorreborre.github.io/specs2/
    scalacheck -> https://www.scalacheck.org/
    

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40. JUnit
    Interoperability -> All testing libraries available
    Hamkrest -> https://github.com/npryce/hamkrest
    Mockito-kt -> https://github.com/paslavsky/mockito-kt
    

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41. Spek
    

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42. Multiple inheritance
    

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43. Interfaces
    • Can contain code (but not state)
    interface ToolbarManager {

    

    val toolbar: Toolbar

    

    fun initToolbar() {

    toolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.menu_main)

    toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener {

    when (it.itemId) {

    R.id.action_settings -> App.instance.toast("Settings")

    else -> App.instance.toast("Unknown option")

    }

    true

    }

    }

    }
    

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44. Interfaces
    class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity(), ToolbarManager {

    

    override val toolbar by lazy { find(R.id.toolbar) }

    

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

    initToolbar()

    ...

    }

    }

    

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45. • Fundamental unit of code reuse in Scala
    • A class can mix in any number
    • Order matters
    Traits & self types
    

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46. class MyActivity
    extend Activity
    with PresentationTrait {
    def onCreate() = initUi()
    }
    trait PresentationTrait {
    self: Activity =>
    def initUi() = getApplicationContext
    }
    Example
    

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47. Dependency injection
    

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48. Cake Pattern
    • Dependencies between components
    • Traits & Self types
    macwire -> https://github.com/adamw/macwire
    scaldi -> http://scaldi.org/
    Libraries
    Implicit
    • Dependencies using implicit
    

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49. Simple injection can be done without libraries:
    - Interface delegation
    - Default values for arguments
    Several libraries
    - Dagger 2 (https://github.com/google/dagger)
    - Kodein (https://github.com/SalomonBrys/Kodein)
    - Injekt (https://github.com/kohesive/injekt)
    

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50. Delegate handling
    

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51. val f: (Int, String) -> String = { i, s -> "$s $i" }
    

    val f = { i: Int, s: String -> "$s $i" }
    fun myFun(listener: (View) -> Unit) {

    ...

    listener(view)

    }
    Variables
    Function parameters
    

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52. Higher-order function
    • Takes one or more functions as arguments
    • Returns a function as its result
    val f1: (Int) => String = (myInt) => myInt.toString
    def myFunc(f: (Int) => String) = {
    println(f(2))
    }
    

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53. Pattern matching
    

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54. def toYesOrNo(choice: Int): String = choice match {
    case 1 => "yes"
    case 0 => "no"
    case _ => "error"
    }
    Traditional approach
    def get(animal: Animal): String = animal match {
    case cat: Cat => “I’m a cat: ” + cat.toString
    case dog: Dog => “I’m a dog: ” + dog.toString
    case _ => “Other animal"
    }
    Typed pattern
    

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55. case class Developer(name: String, lang: String)
    def developer(dev: Developer): String = dev match {
    case Developer(_, “scala”) => “Good Dev"
    case Developer(“Jorge Barroso”, _) => “The best"
    case _ => “Java Developers"
    }
    Cases Classes
    def developer(dev: Developer): String = dev match {
    case Developer(_, “scala”) => “Good Dev"
    case Developer(name, _) if name.contains(“Jorge”) =>
    “The best"
    case _ => “Java Developers"
    }
    If statements
    

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56. No pattern matching, but powerful “when”
    val cost = when(x) {

    in 1..10 -> "cheap"

    in 10..100 -> "regular"

    in 100..1000 -> "expensive"

    in specialValues -> "special value!"

    else -> "not rated"

    }
    

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57. val res = when {

    x in 1..10 -> "cheap"

    s.contains("hello") -> "it's a welcome!"

    v is ViewGroup -> "child count: ${v.getChildCount()}"

    else -> ""

    }
    

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58. Learning curve from
    Java
    

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59. • Really fast -> many similar concepts
    • Interoperability
    • Great official reference and Koans
    

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61. http://scala-exercises.47deg.com/
    

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62. Debugger
    

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63. Debugger same as Java
    • Breakpoints
    • Step debugging
    • Watches
    • …
    • All inside Android Studio
    

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64. Debugger same as Java
    • Breakpoints
    • Step debugging
    • Watches
    • …
    • All inside Android Studio
    

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65. Compilation times
    

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66. http://antonioleiva.com/plaid-kotlin-1/
    

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67. • Slower (Scala Compiler + Proguard)
    • Size matters (+ ~2.8 M)
    Compile
    Take your time to setup your SBT
    • Incremental compiler
    • Continuous build and test
    

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