apidays Singapore 2023 - Changing the culture of building software, Aman Dhamija, Goldman Sachs & Green Software Foundation

apidays Singapore 2023 - Resilience to adaptability through digitisation
April 12 & 13, 2023

Changing the culture of building software
Aman Dhamija, Associate Software Engineer at Goldman Sachs and Member, Green Software Foundation

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Transcript

1. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Introduction to Green Software
2. Creative Commons | Green Software Foundation 2
3. © 2021 Green Software Foundation 3
4. © 2021 Green Software Foundation 4
5. © 2021 Green Software Foundation 5 What is Green Software? • Carbon efficient Software • Using less physical resources • Using less energy • Using energy more intelligently
6. © 2021 Green Software Foundation What makes software green? 6 Energy Efficiency Consume the least amount of electricity possible Hardware Efficiency Use the least amount of embodied carbon possible Carbon Awareness Do more when the electricity is clean and less when it’s dirty
7. © 2021 Green Software Foundation © 2021 Green Software Foundation Carbon efficiency 7 Carbon is emitted when running software, so let’s extract maximum value for every gram of carbon emitted A carbon-efficient application emits the least amount of carbon possible.
8. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Energy Efficiency 8
9. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Is electricity clean? 9
10. © 2021 Green Software Foundation © 2021 Green Software Foundation 10 Energy proportionality Relationship between electricity consumed and utilization is not linear The more we utilize a computer, the more efficient a computer becomes at converting electricity to computing operations
11. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Carbon Awareness 11
12. © 2021 Green Software Foundation How clean or dirty is electricity? 12 gCO2e/kWh CO2eq (carbon dioxide equivalent)
13. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Varies by location 13
14. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Varies by time 14
15. © 2021 Green Software Foundation 15 Do more when the carbon intensity is low and do less when the carbon intensity is high. Reduces emissions AND helps accelerate the energy transition Demand, Spatial and/or Temporal Shifting Do more when the carbon intensity is low and do less when the carbon intensity is high. Reduces emissions AND helps accelerate the energy transition Carbon Aware Computing
16. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Hardware Efficiency 16
17. © 2021 Green Software Foundation • Everything emitted carbon in its creation and in its destruction • This is called the embodied carbon of a device. • Since our goal is to be carbon-efficient, our goal is also to be hardware-efficient since hardware is a proxy for carbon. Hardware is a proxy for carbon 17
18. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Embodied emissions are significant 18 For most end user devices the embodied carbon is greater than the lifetime emissions from it’s consumption of electricity.
19. © 2021 Green Software Foundation • Extending lifespan: This is most applicable to end user devices like mobiles, tablets. • Increasing utilization: This is most applicable to cloud computing. Two broad categories of hardware efficiency 19
20. © 2021 Green Software Foundation If your device has 1000 kg of embodied carbon and the expected lifespan is 2 years. Then that’s 500 kg per year. If you extended the lifespan of your device to 3 years then it would be 333kg per year. Extending the lifespan of hardware 20
21. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Instead of 5 servers with embodied carbon of 1000 kg each running at 20% utilisation, with the total embodied carbon of 5000kg Have one server with embodied carbon of 1000kg running at 100% utilisation. Increasing the utilisation 21
22. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Recap 22 Energy Efficiency Consume the least amount of electricity possible Hardware Efficiency Use the least amount of embodied carbon possible Carbon Awareness Do more when the electricity is clean and less when it’s dirty
23. © 2021 Green Software Foundation 23 Measuring: What you can't measure, you can't improve
24. © 2021 Green Software Foundation There are a couple of ways of measuring software for emissions: • Greenhouse Gas (GHG) protocol • Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) Specification 24 Methods
25. © 2021 Green Software Foundation What scope do my emissions fall into? 25 GHG Scope 2 3 Private Cloud Energy Embodied Public Cloud - Energy + Embodied Hybrid Cloud Some Energy Some Energy + Embodied Front End - Energy + Embodied
26. © 2021 Green Software Foundation • Do you know everywhere your your software is being used? • Do you have the capability to track who is using your software? • Do you have permission to track who is using your software? Is it possible to calculate a total? 26
27. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) 27
28. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Case Study: How UBS measured and reduced the carbon emissions of their risk platform 28
29. © 2021 Green Software Foundation UBS and Microsoft used the carbon-aware-sdk to validate the impact of time-shifting on the execution of their Azure Batch workloads from ACQA, their risk platform called Advanced Compute Quantum Analytics. Here is their 4 step process: 1. Measure carbon intensity of a sample workload processed in the past 2. Determine optimal forecasted carbon intensity 3. Measure carbon intensity of the optimized workload 4. Use step 1-3 to identify potential savings over time
30. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Time Shifting
31. © 2021 Green Software Foundation 31
32. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Questions 32