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PostgreSQL運用管理入門

 PostgreSQL運用管理入門

ちょっと古い内容かもしれませんが、いつぞやに書いたPostgreSQL運用管理入門

Yoshiyuki Asaba

November 08, 2014
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  1. ಺༰ w JOJUECͳͲجຊతͳͱ͜Ζ w QSPDFTTߏ੒ w XBMͳͲͷ෺ཧϑΝΠϧ w -0$, w

    7"$66."/"-:;&3&*/%&9 w &91-"*/ͷݟํ w CBDLVQSFQMJDBUJPO w TPVSDFDPEFSFBEJOH
  2. όʔδϣϯ൪߸ w 1PTUHSF42-YZ[ͱ͍͏όʔδϣϯ൪߸͕෇͘ w YZ͕ϝδϟʔόʔδϣϯ ͕ϕʔλ൛  w جຊతʹσʔλϕʔεͷ෺ཧϑΝΠϧʹޓ׵ੑ͕ͳ͍ w

    [͕ϚΠφʔόʔδϣϯ   w CVHpY͕த৺ w ͨ·ʹηΩϡϦςΟ໰୊ͱ͔ͰɺTZTUFNDBUBMPHΛॻ ͖׵͑ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍͜ͱ΋͋Δ
  3. ઃఆϑΝΠϧ w QPTUHSFTRMDPOG w 1PTUHSF42-ຊମͷઃఆ w QH@ICBDPOG w ೝূͷઃఆ w

    SFDPWFSZDPOG w ͋ͱͰઆ໌ w QH@JEFOUDPOG w ΄ͱΜͲ࢖Θͳ͍ͷͰলུ
  4. QH@ICBDPOG w Ͳ͔͜Βͷ઀ଓΛڐՄ͢ΔͳͲΛهड़ w UZQF EBUBCBTF VTFS BEESFTT NFUIPE w

    NFUIPE͸USVTU SFKFDU NE DMFBSͳͲ MPDBMJTGPS6OJYEPNBJOTPDLFUDPOOFDUJPOTPOMZ MPDBMBMMBMMUSVTU *1WMPDBMDPOOFDUJPOT IPTUBMMBMMUSVTU *1WMPDBMDPOOFDUJPOT IPTUBMMBMMUSVTU IPTUUFTUUFTUNE VOJYEPNBJO TPDLFU 5$1
  5. ϓϩηε w ϚϧνϓϩηεΞʔΩςΫνϟ w ϓϩηεؒ௨৴͸QJQF TINFN TJHOBM TPDLFU w ਌ϓϩηε͸QPTUNBTUFSͱݺ͹ΕΔ

    w جຊతʹ͸ఀࢭ΍SFMPBE͸QPTUNBTUFSʹTJHOBMΛ౤͛Δ w શͯͷࢠϓϩηε͸QPTUNBTUFS͔ΒGPSL ͞ΕΔ VTSMJCQPTUHSFTRMCJOQPTUHSFT%WBSMJCQPTUHSFTRMNBJOD DPOpH@pMFFUDQPTUHSFTRMNBJOQPTUHSFTRMDPOG a@QPTUHSFTDIFDLQPJOUFSQSPDFTT a@QPTUHSFTXSJUFSQSPDFTT a@QPTUHSFTXBMXSJUFSQSPDFTT a@QPTUHSFTBVUPWBDVVNMBVODIFSQSPDFTT a@QPTUHSFTTUBUTDPMMFDUPSQSPDFTT a@QPTUHSFTQPTUHSFTUFTU<MPDBM>JEMF
  6. ϓϩηεҰཡ QPTUNBTUFS ઀ଓड͚෇͚Δ਌ϓϩηε CBDLFOE 42-Λॲཧ͢Δϓϩηε XBMXSJUFS 8"-Λఆظతʹॻ͖ͩ͢ϓϩηε CBDLHSPVOEXSJUFS ڞ༗όοϑΝΛఆظతʹॻ͖ͩ͢ϓϩηε ʢੲ͸$)&$,10*/5΋࣮ߦ͍ͯͨ͠ʣ

    TUBUTDPMMFDUPS ౷ܭ৘ใΛ6%1Ͱड͚Δϓϩηε BVUPWBDVVN WBDVVN΍BOBMZ[FΛ͋Δᮢ஋௒͑ͨΒ࣮ߦ͢Δϓϩηε BSDIJWFS XBMΛͲ͔͜ʹίϐʔ͢ΔͨΊͷϓϩηε XBMTFOEFS TUSFBNJOHSFQMJDBUJPOͷૹΔଆ XBMSFDFJWFS TUSFBNJOHSFQMJDBUJPOΛड͚Δଆ DIFDLQPJOUFS $)&$,10*/5Λ࣮ߦ͢Δϓϩηε
  7. γάφϧ w QPTUNBTUFS 4*(5&3. શΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ऴྃ͢Δ·Ͱ଴ͭ TNBSUTIVUEPXO 4*(*/5 ઀ଓதͷΫϥΠΞϯτͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯΛBCPSUͯ͠ TIVUEPXO GBTUTIVUEPXO

    4*(26*5 ڧ੍ऴྃ JNNFEJBUFTIVUEPXO  ࣍ճͷىಈ࣌ʹϦΧόϦ͕૸Δ w QPTUHSFT CBDLFOEQSPDFTT 4*(5&3. ΫΤϦΛΩϟϯηϧ͠ɺϓϩηεΛऴྃ͢Δ 4*(*/5 ΫΤϦΛΩϟϯηϧ͢Δ͚ͩ 4*(26*5 ڧ੍ऴྃ QPTUNBTUFSҎ֎ͷϓϩηε͕࠶ىಈ͔͔Δ
  8. ڞ༗ϝϞϦ w ىಈ࣌ʹ·ͱΊͯΨπϯͱ֬อ w TIBSFECV⒎FS w 8"-CV⒎FS w -0$,ྖҬ w

    ͔Βڍಈ͕มΘΔ͔΋ʁ <WBHSBOU!QSFDJTF>dIFBEEBUBJQDTB 4IBSFE.FNPSZ4FHNFOUT LFZTINJEPXOFSQFSNTCZUFTOBUUDITUBUVT YGFWBHSBOU 4FNBQIPSF"SSBZT LFZTFNJEPXOFSQFSNTOTFNT YGFWBHSBOU YGFBWBHSBOU YGFCWBHSBOU YGFDWBHSBOU YGFEWBHSBOU YGFFWBHSBOU YGFGWBHSBOU YGFWBHSBOU
  9. NPOJUPSJOHྫ w ઀ଓதͷϢʔβ਺Λௐ΂Δ w 4&-&$5 '30.QH@TUBU@BDUJWJUZ w Ωϟογϡώοτ཰Λௐ΂Δ w UFTU%#ͷ৘ใΛݟΔ

    UFTUTFMFDUIFBQ@CMLT@IJUOVNFSJD IFBQ@CMLT@SFBE IFBQ@CMLT@IJU OVNFSJDGSPN QH@TUBUJP@VTFS@UBCMFTXIFSFIFBQ@CMLT@SFBE UFTUTFMFDU GSPNQH@TUBU@EBUBCBTFXIFSFEBUOBNFUFTU
  10. ςʔϒϧϩοΫ ϩοΫ໊ ڝ߹ "$$&444)"3& "$$&44&9$-64*7& 3084)"3& &9$-64*7&͓Αͼ"$$&44&9$-64*7& 308&9$-64*7& 4)"3&ɺ4)"3&308&9$-64*7&ɺ&9$-64*7&ɺ͓ Αͼ"$$&44&9$-64*7&ϩ

    4)"3&61%"5&&9$-64*7& 4)"3&61%"5&&9$-64*7&ɺ4)"3&ɺ4)"3&308 &9$-64*7&ɺ&9$-64*7&ɺ͓Αͼ"$$&44 4)"3& 308&9$-64*7&ɺ4)"3&61%"5&&9$-64*7&ɺ 4)"3&308&9$-64*7&ɺ&9$-64*7&ɺ͓Αͼ 4)"3&308&9$-64*7& 308&9$-64*7&ɺ4)"3&61%"5&&9$-64*7&ɺ 4)"3&ɺ4)"3&308&9$-64*7&ɺ&9$-64*7&ɺ͓ &9$-64*7& "$$&44&9$-64*7& IUUQXXXQPTUHSFTRMKQEPDVNFOUIUNMFYQMJDJUMPDLJOHIUNM
  11. QH@MPDLT w ςʔϒϧϩοΫΛ୭͕औ͍ͬͯΔ͔ΛݟΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ ͖ΔϏϡʔ UFTUCFHJO #&(*/ UFTUMPDLUBCMFTUPSF -0$,5"#-& UFTUTFMFDU GSPNQH@MPDLT

    MPDLUZQFcEBUBCBTFcSFMBUJPOcQBHFcUVQMFcWJSUVBMYJEcUSBOTBDUJPOJEcDMBTTJEcPCKJEcPCKTVCJEc WJSUVBMUSBOTBDUJPOcQJEcNPEFcHSBOUFEcGBTUQBUI                SFMBUJPOcccccccccccc "DDFTT4IBSF-PDLcUcU WJSUVBMYJEcccccccccccc &YDMVTJWF-PDLcUcU SFMBUJPOcccccccccccc "DDFTT&YDMVTJWF-PDLcUcG SPXT
  12. σουϩοΫݕग़ w QPTUHSFTRMDPOGͷEFBEMPDL@UJNFPVUͷִؒͰσουϩοΫΛݕग़ w ϩοΫάϥϑΛUPQPMPHJDBMTPSU w ॏ͍ͷͰඵʹઃఆͯ͋͠Δ EFGBVMUඵ UFTUCFHJO #&(*/

    UFTUMPDLUBCMFU -0$,5"#-& UFTUMPDLUBCMFU -0$,5"#-& UFTU UFTUCFHJO #&(*/ UFTUMPDLUBCMFU -0$,5"#-& UFTUMPDLUBCMFU &3303EFBEMPDLEFUFDUFE %&5"*-1SPDFTTXBJUTGPS"DDFTT&YDMVTJWF-PDLPO SFMBUJPOPGEBUBCBTFCMPDLFECZQSPDFTT 1SPDFTTXBJUTGPS"DDFTT&YDMVTJWF-PDLPOSFMBUJPO PGEBUBCBTFCMPDLFECZQSPDFTT )*/54FFTFSWFSMPHGPSRVFSZEFUBJMT
  13. ϩοΫपΓͷτϥϒϧ w αʔό͕៉ྷʹμ΢ϯ͠ͳ͔ͬͨ৔߹ w όοναʔό͕00.Ͱམͪͯ͠·ͬͨ w ˠLFFQBMJWFͷઃఆΛ୹͘͢Δ UDQ@LFFQBMJWFT@JEMF5$1@,&&1*%-& JOTFDPOET TFMFDUTUIFTZTUFNEFGBVMU

    UDQ@LFFQBMJWFT@JOUFSWBM5$1@,&&1*/57- JOTFDPOET TFMFDUTUIFTZTUFNEFGBVMU UDQ@LFFQBMJWFT@DPVOU5$1@,&&1$/5 TFMFDUTUIFTZTUFNEFGBVMU
  14. 7"$66.ͷඞཁੑ w .7$$࢖ͬͯτϥϯβΫγϣϯΛ࣮૷͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊ w ݱࡏͷUSBOTBDUJPOJEͱɺߦʹຒ·͍ͬͯΔYNJO΍QH@DMPHͳͲ͔Βɺͦͷߦ͕ݟ͑ͯ΋ྑ͍͔ Λ൑அ NVMUJYBDUͱ͔Α͘Θ͔Βͳ͍֓೦͕ೖ͖ͬͯͯɺ΋ͬͱෳࡶ  w ෆཁྖҬͷճऩΛ7"$66.͕ߦ͏

    UFTUCFHJO #&(*/ UFTUJOTFSUJOUPUWBMVFT   */4&35 UFTUJOTFSUJOUPUWBMVFT   */4&35 UFTUDPNNJU $0..*5 UFTUTFMFDUYNJO DNJO YNBY DNBY BGSPNU YNJOcDNJOcYNBYcDNBYcB      cccc cccc SPXT UFTUTFMFDUYNJO DNJO YNBY DNBY BGSPNU YNJOcDNJOcYNBYcDNBYcB      cccc cccc SPXT */4&35 %&-&5& ࣮ࡍʹ͸࡟আ͞Εͣʹ࢒Δ
  15. 9*%पճ໰୊ w τϥϯβΫγϣϯ*%͸? VOTJHOFEJOU  w ͳͷͰΦʔόʔϑϩʔ͢ΔՄೳੑ͋Δ w ͪΌΜͱରࡦͯ͋͠Δ w

    BVUPWBDVVN͕উखʹ9*%पճ໰୊Λճආ͢Δ7"$66.Λྲྀ͢ UFTUWBDVVNGSFF[FU 7"$66. UFTUTFMFDUYNJO DNJO YNBY DNBY BGSPNU YNJOcDNJOcYNBYcDNBYcB      cccc cccc SPXT
  16. )0561%"5& w ಛఆͷ৚݅Λຬͨ͢ͱ)0561%"5&ͱ͍͏ॲཧ͕૸Γɺ7"$66.Λ ͤͣʹෆཁྖҬΛճऩ͢Δ w ৄ͘͠͸ͪ͜Β w IUUQMFUTQPTUHSFTRMKQEPDVNFOUTUVUPSJBMIPU@ w ͬ͘͟Γ͍͏ͱ

    w ֤ϖʔδΛߋ৽༻ʹগ͠εϖʔεΛ։͚͓ͯ͘ pMMGBDUPSΛઃఆ͢Δ  w ΠϯσοΫεష͍ͬͯͳ͍ߦΛߋ৽͢Δ͜ͱ w τϥϯβΫγϣϯΛ։͖ͬͺͳ͠ʹ͠ͳ͍
  17. QH@TUBUTྫ w NPTUDPNNPO@WBMT w Α͘ग़ͯ͘Δ஋Λ͍࣋ͬͯΔ w Α͘ग़ͯ͘Δ஋Ͱ͋Ε͹ɺQMBOOFS͸TFRTDBOͷ΄͏͕଎͍ͱ൑அ͢Δ͜ͱ΋͋Δ UFTUTFMFDU GSPNQH@TUBUTXIFSFUBCMFOBNFU <3&$03%>

     TDIFNBOBNFcQVCMJD UBCMFOBNFcU BUUOBNFcB JOIFSJUFEcG OVMM@GSBDc BWH@XJEUIc O@EJTUJODUc NPTU@DPNNPO@WBMTc\  ^ NPTU@DPNNPO@GSFRTc\  ^ IJTUPHSBN@CPVOETc DPSSFMBUJPOc NPTU@DPNNPO@FMFNTc NPTU@DPNNPO@FMFN@GSFRTc FMFN@DPVOU@IJTUPHSBNc ࠷ස஋ ׂ߹ UFTUJOTFSUJOUPUTFMFDUJGSPN HFOFSBUF@TFSJFT   BTJ */4&35 UFTUBOBMZ[F
  18. QH@TUBUTྫ w IJTUPHSBN@CPVOET w ίετݟੵ΋Γͷͱ͖ʹɺ΍CFUXFFOͰͲΕ͘Β͍ߦ͕͋Δ͔Λਪఆ͢Δ UFTUTFMFDU GSPNQH@TUBUTXIFSFUBCMFOBNFU <3&$03%>  

      TDIFNBOBNFcQVCMJD UBCMFOBNFcU BUUOBNFcB JOIFSJUFEcG OVMM@GSBDc BWH@XJEUIc O@EJTUJODUc NPTU@DPNNPO@WBMTc NPTU@DPNNPO@GSFRTc IJTUPHSBN@CPVOETc \                         ʜ DPSSFMBUJPOc NPTU@DPNNPO@FMFNTc NPTU@DPNNPO@FMFN@GSFRTc FMFN@DPVOU@IJTUPHSBNc
  19. BVUPWBDVVN w σʔϞϯϓϩηεͰɺߋ৽ස౓ʹΑͬͯࣗಈతʹ 7"$66.Λಈ͔͢ w UISFTIPME͸ςʔϒϧ୯ҐͰઃఆՄೳ BVUPWBDVVNPO&OBCMFBVUPWBDVVNTVCQSPDFTT PO SFRVJSFTUSBDL@DPVOUTUPBMTPCFPO MPH@BVUPWBDVVN@NJO@EVSBUJPOEJTBCMFT

    MPHTBMMBDUJPOTBOE UIFJSEVSBUJPOT MPHTPOMZ BDUJPOTSVOOJOHBUMFBTUUIJTOVNCFS PGNJMMJTFDPOET BVUPWBDVVN@NBY@XPSLFSTNBYOVNCFSPGBVUPWBDVVN TVCQSPDFTTFT  DIBOHFSFRVJSFTSFTUBSU  BVUPWBDVVN@OBQUJNFNJOUJNFCFUXFFOBVUPWBDVVNSVOT BVUPWBDVVN@WBDVVN@UISFTIPMENJOOVNCFSPGSPXVQEBUFTCFGPSF WBDVVN BVUPWBDVVN@BOBMZ[F@UISFTIPMENJOOVNCFSPGSPXVQEBUFTCFGPSF BOBMZ[F BVUPWBDVVN@WBDVVN@TDBMF@GBDUPSGSBDUJPOPGUBCMFTJ[FCFGPSF WBDVVN BVUPWBDVVN@BOBMZ[F@TDBMF@GBDUPSGSBDUJPOPGUBCMFTJ[FCFGPSFBOBMZ[F BVUPWBDVVN@GSFF[F@NBY@BHFNBYJNVN9*%BHFCFGPSF GPSDFEWBDVVN  DIBOHFSFRVJSFTSFTUBSU  BVUPWBDVVN@WBDVVN@DPTU@EFMBZNTEFGBVMUWBDVVNDPTUEFMBZGPS BVUPWBDVVN JONJMMJTFDPOET NFBOTVTFWBDVVN@DPTU@EFMBZ BVUPWBDVVN@WBDVVN@DPTU@MJNJUEFGBVMUWBDVVNDPTUMJNJUGPS BVUPWBDVVN NFBOTVTF WBDVVN@DPTU@MJNJU
  20. ྫ UFTUFYQMBJOTFMFDU GSPNUXIFSFB 26&3:1-"/  *OEFY0OMZ4DBOVTJOHU@BPOU DPTUSPXTXJEUI  *OEFY$POE B

     SPXT  UFTUFYQMBJOBOBMZ[FTFMFDU GSPNUXIFSFB 26&3:1-"/  *OEFY0OMZ4DBOVTJOHU@BPOU DPTUSPXTXJEUI  BDUVBMUJNF SPXTMPPQT  *OEFY$POE B  )FBQ'FUDIFT 5PUBMSVOUJNFNT SPXT
  21. UBCMFTDBO w TFRTDBO w ςʔϒϧΛ্͔ΒԼ·ͰશͯεΩϟϯ͢Δ w JOEFYTDBO w ΠϯσοΫεܦ༝ͰσʔλΛϑΣον w

    ΠϯσοΫε͸CUSFF΍(*/ͳͲ৭ʑ͋Δ w CJUNBQTDBOͱ͍͏ΠϯσοΫεΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔ
 ϓϥϯ΋͋Δ w JOEFYPOMZTDBO w ΠϯσοΫε͚ͩΛݟͯσʔλΛϑΣον ςʔϒϧσʔλ ΠϯσοΫεσʔλ ςʔϒϧσʔλ ΠϯσοΫεσʔλ
  22. UBCMFKPJO w OFTUFEMPPQ w ૯౰ΓͰ૊Έ߹ΘͤΛ࡞Δ w NFSHFKPJO w ͓ޓ͍Λιʔτ͓͍ͯͯ͠ɺ
 ্͔Βॱ൪ʹ૊Έ߹Θ͍ͤͯ͘

    w TPSUͷίετ͕͔͔Δ w IBTIKPJO w IBTIUBCMFΛ࢖͏ w ϝϞϦ৯͏             TPSUࡁΈ       IBTIUBCMF
  23. ͦͷଞͷϓϥϯ w ू߹ԋࢉ w "QQFOE w 4FUPQ w ιʔτ΍-*.*5 w

    4PSU 501/TPSU RVJDLTPSU pMFTPSU  w -*.*5 w $5& w XPSLTDBOͱ͔
  24. Α͋͘Δτϥϒϧ w "/"-:;&͕ෆ଍͍ͯͯ͠ɺؒҧͬͨϓϥϯ͕࢖ΘΕΔ w BOBMZ[F͢Δ͜ͱ w TFUFOBCMF@TFRTDBOUPP⒎ͱ͔Ͱ͖Δ͕ඇਪ঑ w ΠϯσοΫε͕ͳ͍ w

    షΔ͔͠ͳ͍ w XIFSFGVOD IPHF Έ͍ͨͳͷ͸ɺؔ਺ΠϯσοΫε͕ඞཁ w UBCMFKPJO͕஗͍ w ઌʹߜΓࠐΜͰ͔ΒUBCMFKPJO͢Δͱ଎͘ͳΔέʔε͕݁ߏ͋Δ w XPSL@NFNΛ૿΍͢ w ςʔϒϧεΩʔϚมߋ͸ίετେͳͷͰɺΑ͘ߟ͔͑ͯΒ࣮ࢪ͢Δ͜ͱ
  25. CBDLVQ w ίʔϧυόοΫΞοϓ w 1PTUHSF42-Λఀࢭͯ͠ɺσʔλΛόοΫΞοϓ w ϗοτόοΫΞοϓ w ՔಇதʹόοΫΞοϓΛऔಘ w

    ࿦ཧόοΫΞοϓ w QH@EVNQ QH@EVNQBMM w ࢖͍ํ͸ϚχϡΞϧݟͯ w ෺ཧόοΫΞοϓ w 1PJOU*O5JNF3FDPWFSZ w ׳Εͳ͍ͱΊΜͲ͍͘͞
  26. 1*53 w ͋Δ࣌఺ͷ෺ཧόοΫΞοϓͱࠩ෼ 8"- Λ࢖ͬͯ೚ҙͷ࣌ؒ·Ͱ໭ Δ w ͱ͍ͬͯ΋ɺ෺ཧόοΫΞοϓΑΓաڈʹ͸໭Εͳ͍ w 8"-&ͱ͍͏ɺ4ʹόοΫΞοϓΛอ؅͢ΔπʔϧΛ࢖͍ͬͯΔ

    w QH@CBTFCBDLVQͱ͍͏πʔϧ΋͋Δ XBM@MFWFMBSDIJWFPSIPUTUBOECZ BSDIJWF@NPEFPO BSDIJWF@DPNNBOEbXBMΛίϐʔ͢ΔίϚϯυ` QPTUHSFTRMDPOG UFTUTFMFDUQH@TUBSU@CBDLVQ IPHF  QH@TUBSU@CBDLVQ   SPX  ͜͜ͰUBSͱ͔࢖ͬͯ෺ཧόοΫΞοϓ  UFTUTFMFDUQH@TUPQ@CBDLVQ  QH@TUPQ@CBDLVQ  # SPX
  27.  cBDDFTT  USBOTBDUJPOܥ cCPPUTUSBQ  CPPUTUSBQ cDBUBMPH  TZTUFNDBUBMPH

    cDPNNBOET  42-ͷίϚϯυͷΤϯτϦϙΠϯτ $3&"5&5"#-&ͳͲ  cFYFDVUPS  42-࣮ߦΤϯδϯ cGPSFJHO  GPSFJHOEBUBXSBQQFS cMJC   MJCSBSZ cMJCQR   MJCQRͱ͍͏ΫϥΠΞϯτϥΠϒϥϦ cNBJO   NBJO cOPEFT  QBSTFͨ͠OPEFΛૢ࡞͢Δؔ਺܈ cPQUJNJ[FS  ίετͷܭࢉ΍QMBOΛ૊ΈཱͯͨΓ͢ΔQMBOOFS cQBSTFS  QBSTFS cQPSU   QPSUJOHʹඞཁͳίʔυ cQPTUNBTUFS QPTUNBTUFS αʔόϓϩηε ͷίʔυɻBVUPWBDVVNͳͲ΋ cSFHFY  ਖ਼نදݱ cSFQMJDBUJPO SFQMJDBUJPO cSFXSJUF  WJFX΍SVMFͰΫΤϦΛॻ͖׵͑ΔSVMFFOHJOF cTUPSBHF  TUPSBHFपΓɻϩοΫ΋ɻ cUDPQ   QPTUHSFTϓϩηεͷNBJO cUTFBSDI  શจݕࡧ AVUJMT   ଟݴޠ΍৭ʑͳܕɺιʔτͳͲΛఆٛ
  28. σόοάϏϧυ w NBLF HDD MJC[MJC ͦͷଞύοέʔδ͕ඞཁ w DPOpHVSFͰ͚͜ΔͷͰɺ౎౓ೖΕΔ w HEC΋ೖΕ͓ͯ͘

    ͞Βʹ͍͏ͱFNBDT΋  w ࠷దԽ͢ΔͱσόοάΊΜͲ͍͘͞ͷͰP⒎ʹ͢Δ $'-"(40DPOpHVSFŠQSFpY)0.&EFCVH NBLFJOTUBMM JOJUEC%)0.&EFCVHEBUB QH@DUM%)0.&EFCVHEBUBTUBSU
  29. UFTUTFMFDUQH@CBDLFOE@QJE  QH@CBDLFOE@QJE   SPX HECQ ʜ HEC CU

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