Digital accessibility and the art of caring for humans

@axbom Digital accessibility @axbom • axbom.se • axbom.com the art
of caring and for humans

@axbom What year did we get universal suﬀrage* in Sweden?
*The right to vote, for all adult citizens (sv: Allmän röﬆrätt)

@axbom 1921

@axbom People who were disqualifed from adult rights or were
assigned to poorhouses were not allowed to vote. People with disabilities were often disqualiﬁed from adult rights as they were deemed mentally incompetent when they were unable to care for themselves. (sv: omyndigförklarad) https://www.nordiskamuseet.se/artiklar/kort-historik-om-funktionsnedsattning 1921

@axbom 1945 Everyone who was in care by poorhouses were
given the right to vote.

@axbom 1989 The practice of removing adult rights from people
with disabilities ended. This was the ﬁrﬆ year all adult Swedish citizens were allowed to vote.

@axbom 1800s schools taught deaf children in sign language 1880s
it was decided that deaf schools could no longer use sign language. Up until 1980s there were big institutions for people with disabilities. 1995. People with motor disabilities started getting their own housing and assistant. 1977. Public spaces to be built accessible from the beginning. 2010. Easily removed obstacles in public buildings and spaced should have been gone. experiments, lobotomies, sterilisation 1969. People with epilepsy were allowed to marry. 1981. Sign language recognised as a language by parliament. 1999. The ﬁrst anti- discrimination law. 1975. Law enforcing sterilisation removed.

@axbom

@axbom 1800s ﬁrst Braille typewriter 1870s Telephone. 1910. Silent ﬁlm
1920. Radio 1950. Talking book 1970. Spoken newspaper 1980. Subtitles and Text-TV 1990. Internet 2000. Smartphone. Eyetracking. 2010. Voice assistant

@axbom

@axbom Technology is an enabler for communication between people.

@axbom Unless we make it a disabler. Technology is an
enabler for communication between people.

@axbom Do yuo fnid tihs smilpe to raed? Bceuase of
the phonemneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, msot plepoe do.

@axbom Do you ﬁnd this simple to read? Because of
the phenomenal power of the human mind, moﬆ people do.

@axbom sender encoder channel decoder receiver noise message received message

@axbom sender encoder channel decoder receiver noise message received message
FEEDBACK

@axbom Communication is circular As a maker you need to
enable and empower the circular features of communication. You need knowledge to keep making. listen technology

@axbom The challenge

@axbom accessibility

@axbom accessibility The design of products, devices, services, or environments
for people who experience disabilities.

for people who experience disabilities. Helping all people live their lives without being shut out from participating.

for people who experience disabilities. Helping all people live their lives without being shut out from participating. Popup….

@axbom How do we ensure that people can use what
we make?

@axbom We liﬆen.

@axbom •Sight - can not see, can see a little,
can see with glasses •Hearing - deafness, Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) •Motor skills - dyspraxia (muscle control impairment), cerebral palsy, speech impediments, dysmelia (limb deficiency), paralysis •Cognition - language difficulty, dyscalculia, dyslexia •Sensory difficulties - sensorisk överbelastning, minnessvårigheter, ansiktsblindhet, epilepsi

@axbom Who? • Permanent • Temporary • Situational Everyone.

@axbom People with disabilities is not a homogenous group. Example:
In the study Swedes with disabilities and the Internet, about 18.5 percent of respondents have difﬁculties with passwords. Breaking this down into sub- populations we can see that 4 percent of people with severe visual impairment have problems with passwords. The same ﬁgure for people with dyscalculia is 50%. http://www.begripsam.se/personer-med-funktionsnedsattning-ar-inte-en-homogen-grupp/

@axbom Discover Deﬁne Develop Deliver We need to underﬆand how
tools ﬆeer us wrong.

@axbom Discover Deﬁne Develop Deliver NORM / “MOST PEOPLE”

@axbom Discover Deﬁne Develop Deliver EDGE-CASE EDGE-CASE NORM / “MOST
PEOPLE”

@axbom Moﬆ projects keep building for the average person.

@axbom https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/traﬃcandcommuting/female-dummy-makes-her-mark-on-male- dominated-crash-tests/2012/03/07/gIQANBLjaS_story.html?utm_term=.1c263f679e89

@axbom When organizations time and time again fail to care
for the well-being of humans, the government intervenes with rules, regulations and policies.

@axbom The European Web Accessibility directive •September 23, 2019: New
public websites •September 23, 2020: Public websites published before 23/9 2018. •June 23, 2021: Mobile apps (public sector). Directive (EU) 2016/2102 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2016 on the accessibility of the websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies Requirements •Make the website and mobile app content accessible to everyone •Provide a public accessibility statement •Provide a feedback mechanism for users to report inaccessible content •Provide a link to the enforcement procedure Lagen om tillgänglighet till digital oﬀentlig service (DOS-lagen)

@axbom Exceptions • Small and experimental websites for educational purposes.
• Live-streaming of events, but accessible video posted within reasonable time after. • Maps, if the critical information is available in other forms. • National radio/tv (SVT). • National cultural heritage collections. • Word and PDF ﬁles published before September 23 and not critical for administrative purposes. • Third party information not necessary for the website and not ﬁnanced by the public sector.

@axbom Visual impairment Hearing impairment Motor disability Cognitive support Support
for sensory sensitivity Find Structure, Zoom, Contrast Hoppa till rätt ställe, Smarta genvägar Scrolling, expand menus, keyboard control, Smart shortcuts Suggestions, Redundancy (multi-channel) Structure Minimalistic Read/consume Sound, Braille, Zoom, Contrast, Sound descriptions, info without focus Captions, Subtitles, Sign language Do not require portrait/ landscape Bilder, Multimedia, Redundans Struktur Line height Images, turn off sound/ video, toned down, no surprises Understand Alternative text, Sound warnings, Language definition Mindful popups/tool-tips Visible warnings Language choice, Give enough time, Clear error messages Language choice Different ways of warning. Write/activate/ navigate (engage) Sound, Braille, Zoom, Shortcuts Big click areas, no complex gestures, active voice control, cancel clicks Labels Color choices Work regardless of screen size (down to 320 CSS-pixels).

@axbom What does Appshack sound like?

@axbom

@axbom Overload

@axbom

@axbom What is an audio description?

@axbom

@axbom New guidelines in WCAG 2.1

@axbom 1.3 Adaptable 1.3.4 Orientation Content does not restrict its
view and operation to a single display orientation, such as portrait or landscape, unless a speciﬁc display orientation is essential. 1.3.5 Identify Input Purpose The purpose of each input ﬁeld collecting information about the user can be programmatically determined

@axbom 1.4.10 Reﬂow Content can be presented without loss of
information or functionality, and without requiring scrolling in two dimensions for:  • Vertical scrolling content at a width equivalent to 320 CSS pixels; • Horizontal scrolling content at a height equivalent to 256 CSS pixels. 1.4.11 Non-text Contrast The visual presentation of UI components and graphical objects have a contrast ratio of at least 3:1 against adjacent color(s). 1.4.12 Text Spacing In content implemented using markup languages that support the following text style properties, no loss of content or functionality occurs by setting all of the following and by changing no other style property: • Line height (line spacing) to at least 1.5 times the font size; • Spacing following paragraphs to at least 2 times the font size; • Letter spacing (tracking) to at least 0.12 times the font size; • Word spacing to at least 0.16 times the font size. 1.4 Distinguishable

@axbom 1.4.13 Content on Hover or Focus Where receiving and
then removing pointer hover or keyboard focus triggers additional content to become visible and then hidden, the following are true: • Dismissable A mechanism is available to dismiss the additional content without moving pointer hover or keyboard focus, unless the additional content communicates an input error or does not obscure or replace other content; • Hoverable If pointer hover can trigger the additional content, then the pointer can be moved over the additional content without the additional content disappearing; • Persistent The additional content remains visible until the hover or focus trigger is removed, the user dismisses it, or its information is no longer valid. 1.4 Distinguishable EXAMPLE

@axbom

@axbom 2.1.4 Character Key Shortcuts If a keyboard shortcut is
implemented in content using only letter (including upper- and lower-case letters), punctuation, number, or symbol characters, then at least one of the following is true: • Turn off A mechanism is available to turn the shortcut off; • Remap A mechanism is available to remap the shortcut to use one or more non- printable keyboard characters (e.g. Ctrl, Alt, etc); • Active only on focus The keyboard shortcut for a user interface component is only active when that component has focus. 1.4 Keyboard accessible EXAMPLE

@axbom Keyboard access

@axbom 2.5.1 Pointer Gestures All functionality that uses multipoint or
path-based gestures for operation can be operated with a single pointer without a path-based gesture, unless a multipoint or path-based gesture is essential. 2.5.2 Pointer Cancellation For functionality that can be operated using a single pointer, at least one of the following is true: • No Down-Event The down-event of the pointer is not used to execute any part of the function; • Abort or Undo Completion of the function is on the up-event, and a mechanism is available to abort the function before completion or to undo the function after completion; • Up Reversal The up-event reverses any outcome of the preceding down-event; • Essential Completing the function on the down-event is essential. 2.5 Input Modalities

@axbom

@axbom 2.5.3 Label in Name For user interface components with
labels that include text or images of text, the name contains the text that is presented visually. 2.5.4 Motion Actuation Functionality that can be operated by device motion or user motion can also be operated by user interface components and responding to the motion can be disabled to prevent accidental actuation, except when: • Supported Interface The motion is used to operate functionality through an accessibility supported interface • Essential The motion is essential for the function and doing so would invalidate the activity.

@axbom 2.5.5 Target size 2.5.6 Concurrent Input Mechanisms Web content
does not restrict use of input modalities available on a platform except where the restriction is essential, required to ensure the security of the content, or required to respect user settings.

@axbom 4.1.3 Status messages In content implemented using markup languages,
status messages can be programmatically determined through role or properties such that they can be presented to the user by assistive technologies without receiving focus. 4.1 Compatibility

@axbom The goal of WCAG and the web directive is
not to follow rules •The goal is to give as many people as possible the advantage of using what you are making. •WCAG helps us eliminate anything standing in the way of ﬁnding, understanding consuming and engaging.

@axbom If you as a maker listen to audio books
but fail to realize why accessibility needs to be part of your work, how can I trust your ability to make sense of data that is right in front of you?

@axbom ”People who have been excluded underﬆand exclusion better than
anyone.” Molly Watt

@axbom When we call it ethics we risk misleading management.
Ah, it has to be good for the MAJORITY..

@axbom When we call it accessibility we too easily mislead
our teams. Ah, that OTHER THING we need to do…

@axbom When we call it empathy we ﬆruggle to include
everyone. How can I RELATE TO everyone’s ability?

@axbom What if we juﬆ call it caring for all
humans

@axbom Reasoned compassion can be considered a much more reliable
guide to moral behavior than empathy. This means that you encourage yourself to care for other people without having to feel empathy for them!

@axbom Always be exploring what can go wrong The risks
we can guess beforehand Finding out when people are hurt

we can guess beforehand Finding out when people are hurt Working proactively with risk assessment, ﬆrategic foresight and impact mapping

we can guess beforehand Finding out when people are hurt Including experts on vulnerability, people whose voices are ignored Working proactively with risk assessment, ﬆrategic foresight and impact mapping

@axbom Tarot cards of Tech http://tarotcardsoftech.artefactgroup.com

@axbom What in our organisation prevents us from taking all
people into consideration? Before building something new, these are the queﬆions you need to be asking: How can we liﬆen better to the people who are aﬀected by our design decisions?

@axbom Who is in the room? Whose voices are being
heard? Whose voices are missing? Then, for each queﬆion, ask why. In every work situation consider:

Thank you. Slides and links are on hello.axbom.com/appshack Seriously, it’s
not that hard to love all humans.

Digital accessibility and the art of caring for humans

Digital accessibility and the art of caring for humans

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