html - back to basics

html <webworkers june=“2017”> <back to basics /> <brad montgomery/> </webworkers>

a short history

Tim Berners-Lee https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/

html 5.1 2016-11-01

html5 2014-10-28

xhtml 2.0 abandoned for html5 thanks to the WHATWG 2004
- 2010

xhtml 1.1 2010-11-23

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.1//EN"
“http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic11.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> … </html>

xhtml 1.0 XHTML™ 1.0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second
Edition) 2002-08-01

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
lang="en" xml:lang="en"> … </html>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
lang="en" xml:lang="en"> … </html>

html 4.01 1999-12-24

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" “http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd”> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>My
ﬁrst HTML document</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <P>Hello world! </BODY> </HTML>

html 3.2 1997-01-14

html 2? html 1? There are suddenly no links for
these specs. http://memtech.website/~bkmontgomery/

html == html5.1 <!doctype html>

<!doctype html> <html> <head> <title>Example</title> <base href=“http://example.com/"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta
name="description" content="Actual description"> </head> <body> </body> </html>

the rules ok, just my rules

Mind your <head> Use unique content for your <title> Write
a decent <meta name=“description” …> Declare a <base> tag.

headings Headings (<h1> - <h6>) imply an hierarchy. They have
meaning (semantics). Don’t use them for “text size”. Don’t skip sizes. Shoot for a single <h1>.

headings (with ids) Give your headings an id. It’s always
awesome. <h1 id=“the-beginning”>The Beginning</h1>

structure Make use of content sectioning elements: <nav> <header> <section>
<article> <aside> <ﬁgure> <footer>

css is for style Keep your html as clean as
possible (I know, I know). Try to avoid style attributes.

Beware the </div> How to build a slick marketing page:
1. Copy something from StartBootstrap 2. Strip out all the placeholder text. 3. Change the color scheme in CSS. 4. Publish, FTW!

validate Why in the world is HTML validation not built
into every single browser? Use the w3’s validator service or a browser extension.

be semantic The stuff in <html> describes a document. Everything
has meaning (or it should).

accessibility We should all learn more. Check out WAI-ARIA &
Section 508.

so… assuming html 5 what’s wrong with this code?

what’s wrong? <body> <div> <h2>Hello. </h2> <h5>there</h5> </div> </body>

what’s wrong? <p>Here's a <b>bold statement</b></p>

what’s wrong? <p> <font face="verdana" color=“green"> This is some text!</font>
</p>

what’s wrong? <i> <p>This paragraph is in italics!</p> </i>

what’s wrong? <big> <p>This paragraph is in italics!</p> </big>

what’s wrong? <center> This text will be centered. <p>So will
this paragraph.</p> </center>

what’s wrong? <button> <h1>Download our Ebook</h1> </button>

what’s wrong? <p><em>Yep</p></em>

what’s wrong? <p><div> Here's a div for you</div></p>

what’s wrong? <img src="http://lorempixel.com/640/480/cats">

what’s wrong? <a href=“?a=1&b=2">click me</a>

what’s wrong? <ul> <li>Do this first.</li> <li>Then do this thing.
</li> <li>Finish with this.</li> </ul>

what’s wrong? <form action="" method="get"> <p> <input type="radio" name="thing"> you
want this thing? </p> </form>

what’s wrong? <table> <hr> <tr> <td>column 1</td> <td>column 2</td> </tr>
</table>

what’s wrong? <video src="videofile.webm" autoplay poster="posterimage.jpg"></video>

what’s wrong? <p> <strong>Term:</strong> Here's a description for the meaning
of this Term. </p> <p> <strong>Other Term:</strong> Here's the meaning of this Other Term. </p>

what’s wrong? <div style="text-align:center"> This text will be centered. <p>So
will this paragraph.</p> </div>

what’s wrong? <script defer> console.log("Why won't this ever run!?"); </scrip>

what’s wrong? <a href="/report/" download=“report.pdf"> Download our Report </a>

what’s wrong? <dialog open> <p>Hello World!</p> </dialog>

what’s wrong? <details> <summary>Some details</summary> <p>More info about the details.</p>
</details>

what’s wrong? <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top topnav" role="navigation"> <div
class="container topnav"> <div class="navbar-header"> <a class="navbar-brand topnav" href="#">Start Bootstrap</a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">  </div> </div> </nav> <a name="about"></a> <div class="intro-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <div class="intro-message"> <h1>Landing Page</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body>

tools • W3 Validator • HTML 5.1 Spec • MDN
HTML Element Reference • MDN: Learn HTML • Validity Extension for Chrome • html-tidy (or brew install tidy-html5)

html - back to basics

html - back to basics

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