The Many Flavors of NoSQL at Midwest PHP

The relational database has been the dominant model for persisting data for the last 40 years. While SQL databases aren't going away anytime soon, the NoSQL ("not only SQL") movement has challenged the relational database's place as the default persistence layer for modern applications. Learn about horizontal scaling and eventual consistency as well as key-value stores, document databases, graph databases, and more.

Transcript

1. Midwest PHP
   Bradley Holt, Developer Advocate
   Saturday, March 5, 2016
   The Many Flavors of NoSQL
   @BradleyHolt
   

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2. @BradleyHolt
   

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4. IBM Cloud Data Services
   Open for Data
   A comprehensive por.olio of open source data services
   

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7. Big Data
   Get it?
   

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8. A Brief History of Data
   

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9. The Relational Database
   @BradleyHolt
   order
   *order_id
   customer_id
   date
   customer
   line_item
   *customer_id
   email_address
   name
   *order_id
   *item_id
   price
   quantity
   

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10. ACID Guarantees
    Relational databases guarantee atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability
    

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11. Big Iron
    The ACID guarantees provided by relational databases were (and often still are) critical
    for systems of record
    

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12. The World Wide Web
    The introduction of the Web brought a whole new type of application with
    different constraints than systems of record
    @BradleyHolt
    

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13. Mobile Apps
    The introduction of mobile apps added to the growing number of systems of engagement
    

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14. Changing Constraints
    

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15. Always On
    

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16. Big Data
    

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17. The CAP Theorem
    @BradleyHolt
    Partition
    Tolerance
    Availability
    Consistency
    Consistency Availability
    Partition
    Tolerance
    

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18. Horizontal Scaling
    Horizontal scaling is scaling through the addition of commodity hardware
    

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19. Eventual Consistency
    Given no new updates, each node in a distributed system will eventually have a
    consistent view of the data
    

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20. Enter "Not only SQL" (NoSQL)
    

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21. @BradleyHolt
    key-value
    graph
    document
    …more
    

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22. @BradleyHolt
    

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23. Key-Value Stores
    Opaque data accessed through unique keys
    

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24. Document Databases
    A variation on key-value stores with strictly defined values (e.g. JSON objects)
    

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25. Graph Databases
    Nodes and properties of nodes connected via edges
    

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26. Choosing the Right Data Layer
    

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27. Data Store
    It is not possible to abstract all of the constraints of your data store
    

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28. Object-Relational Impedance Mismatch
    Object-oriented programming and relational databases use different models
    

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29. Semi-Structured Data
    Relational databases enforce a schema
    

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30. High Concurrency
    Database tuning often includes reducing the transaction scope or denormalization
    

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31. Eric Evans on NoSQL
    "This is the world of NoSQL to me, that we can choose a tool that fits well with
    the problem we're trying to solve." –Eric Evans (author of Domain-Driven Design)
    @BradleyHolt
    

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32. Strategic Design
    

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33. @BradleyHolt
    

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34. Bounded Context
    Bounded contexts allow different domain models to be used within different contexts
    

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35. One Data Layer Per Bounded Context
    Each bounded context should have its own data layer, and should not directly access a
    data layer belonging to another bounded context
    

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36. Data Systems
    A data layer may be a database, or it can be a data system consisting of multiple databases
    

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37. Microservices as Bounded Context
    Represent each bounded context as a microservice or a cluster of microservices
    

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38. @BradleyHolt
    Catalog
    Document Database
    Key/Value Store
    Graph Database
    Full Text Search
    Shopping
    Cart
    Document Database
    Key/Value Store
    Orders
    Relational Database
    Big Data Analytics (e.g.
    Apache Spark)
    

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39. Examples
    developer.ibm.com/clouddataservices
    

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41. Simple Data Pipe
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44. Further Reading
    @BradleyHolt
    

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45. Image Credits
    §  Open for Data Dome (outside) by Bradley Holt
    §  Open for Data Dome (inside) by Bradley Holt
    §  Brent Spiner (Data from Star Trek: The Next Generation) with
    Zoltar from Big by Bradley Holt, on Twitter
    
    §  database 2 by Tim Morgan, on Flickr
    §  Hard Disk by Jeff Kubina, on Flickr
    §  IBM 360 Announcement center by Robert Nix, on Flickr
    
    §  Dialing Up Web History by Mike Licht, on Flickr
    
    §  Instagram and other Social Media Apps by Jason Howie, on Flickr
    
    §  Dynamo, un siècle de lumière et de mouvement dans l'art, 1913 – 2013
    - Galeries nationales du Grand Palais - Paris - 10 avril au 22 juillet 2013
    by Yann Caradec, on Flickr
    §  World travel and communications recorded on Twitter by Eric Fischer,
    on Flickr
    §  Server grill with blue light by David Precious, on Flickr
    
    §  Spider Web by Alden Chadwick, on Flickr
    §  database by Tim Morgan, on Flickr
    §  Keys for the Stanley Hotel by Mike Silva, on Flickr
    
    §  paper by malik, on Flickr
    @BradleyHolt
    

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46. Image Credits (cont'd)
    §  Edinburgh Road Network analysis by Steven Kay, on Flickr
    
    §  Lina Bo Bardi, SESC Pompéia by paulisson miura, on Flickr
    
    §  Financial District Classical Building Reflection Distortion, San Francisco,
    California, USA by Wonderlane, on Flickr
    §  Untitled by Allen Lai, on Flickr
    §  Traffic Trails by Mohan Noone, on Flickr
    §  Eric Evans by Oliver Gierke, on Flickr
    §  rectangles by Dean Hochman, on Flickr
    §  Hexagons by Henry Burrows, on Flickr
    §  Rooted by Anna Levinzon, on Flickr
    §  Rainforest Biome by BMiz, on Flickr
    §  A mockup of the golden Apple iPhone 5S by Zach Vega,
    on Wikimedia Commons
    
    §  Marvin beating Data at Rock, Paper, Scissors by Marvin P Android,
    on Twitter
    
    @BradleyHolt
    

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47. joind.in/talk/d5b9d
    Questions?
    @BradleyHolt
    

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