Jokerconf 2019: Testcontainers: a year-in-review

https://jokerconf.com/en/2019/talks/39aujaejphzzbscfgs7c9j/

Transcript

1. Testcontainers:

   a year-in-review
   Sergei Egorov
   @bsideup
   

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2. About me
   • Testcontainers co-maintainer
   
   • Staff Engineer at Pivotal’s Spring R&D, working on Project Reactor ⚛
   
   • Berlin Spring User Group co-organizer
   
   • Developer tools geek
   @bsideup
   

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3. Integration testing
   Why it matters?
   

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4. @bsideup
   

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5. @bsideup
   

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6. Integration testing
   Real-world, but isolated testing
   
   Spot the issues before the real
   environment
   
   Can be run during the
   development
   You have to start real databases
   
   Should be cross-platform
   
   Slower than Unit testing
   Pros Cons
   @bsideup
   

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7. Integration testing transformation
   @bsideup
   

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8. Mocking
   Integration testing transformation
   @bsideup
   

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9. Mocking
   Local DBs
   Integration testing transformation
   @bsideup
   

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10. Mocking
    Local DBs
    VMs

    (Vagrant)
    Integration testing transformation
    @bsideup
    

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11. Mocking
    Local DBs
    VMs

    (Vagrant)
    Docker
    Integration testing transformation
    @bsideup
    

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12. Mocking
    Local DBs
    VMs

    (Vagrant)
    Docker
    Fig

    (aka Docker Compose)
    Integration testing transformation
    @bsideup
    

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13. Mocking
    Local DBs
    VMs

    (Vagrant)
    Docker
    Fig

    (aka Docker Compose)
    Docker API
    Integration testing transformation
    @bsideup
    

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15. Abstraction layer
    

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16. CI friendly
    

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17. Cross-platform
    

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18. Docker Compose FTW!
    redis:
    image: redis
    ports:
    - "6379:6379"
    postgres:
    image: postgres
    ports:
    - "5432:5432"
    elasticsearch:
    image: elasticsearch:5.0.0
    ports:
    - "9200:9200"
    @bsideup
    

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19. But…
    

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20. Declarative YAML
    redis:
    image: redis
    ports:
    - "6379:6379"
    postgres:
    image: postgres
    ports:
    - "5432:5432"
    elasticsearch:
    image: elasticsearch:5.0.0
    ports:
    - "9200:9200"
    @bsideup
    

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21. ports randomization?
    redis:
    image: redis
    ports:
    - "6379:6379"
    postgres:
    image: postgres
    ports:
    - "5432:5432"
    elasticsearch:
    image: elasticsearch:5.0.0
    ports:
    - "9200:9200"
    @bsideup
    

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22. Container per test?
    redis:
    image: redis
    ports:
    - "6379:6379"
    postgres:
    image: postgres
    ports:
    - "5432:5432"
    elasticsearch:
    image: elasticsearch:5.0.0
    ports:
    - "9200:9200"
    @bsideup
    

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23. IDE integration?
    @bsideup
    

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24. Fighting with Docker environment
    

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25. There is no place like
    

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26. There is no place like
    … unless there is
    

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27. Can we improve that?
    

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29. Testcontainers
    • http://github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-java
    • Wraps docker-java library
    
    • Docker environment discovery (Win, Mac, Linux)
    
    • Containers cleanup on JVM shutdown
    @bsideup
    

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30. As simple as
    PostgreSQLContainer postgresql = new PostgreSQLContainer()
    GenericContainer redis = new GenericContainer("redis:3")
    .withExposedPorts(6379)
    @bsideup
    

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31. Users
    

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32. @bsideup
    

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33. Demo
    

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34. 1.6.x
    Jan, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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35. 1.6.x
    • Kafka module
    Jan, 2018
    @bsideup
    try (KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()) {
    kafka.start();
    testKafkaFunctionality(kafka.getBootstrapServers());
    }
    

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36. 1.6.x
    • Kafka module
    
    • “Ryuk”
    Jan, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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37. 1.7.x
    Apr, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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38. 1.7.x
    • Maven BOM
    Apr, 2018
    @bsideup
    
    
    
    org.testcontainers
    testcontainers-bom
    1.11.2
    bom
    import
    
    
    
    

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39. 1.7.x
    • Maven BOM
    
    • DockerCompose

    wait strategies
    Apr, 2018
    @bsideup
    new DockerComposeContainer(new File("docker-compose.yml"))
    .withExposedService(
    "redis_1",
    REDIS_PORT,
    Wait.forListeningPort()
    )
    .withExposedService(
    "db_1",
    3306,
    Wait.forLogMessage(".*ready for connections.*\\s", 1)
    );
    

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40. 1.7.x
    • Maven BOM
    
    • DockerCompose

    wait strategies
    
    • Daemon threads
    Apr, 2018
    @bsideup
    kiraThread.setDaemon(true);
    kiraThread.start();
    

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41. 1.7.x
    • Maven BOM
    
    • DockerCompose

    wait strategies
    
    • Daemon threads
    
    • MockServer module
    Apr, 2018
    @bsideup
    try (MockServerContainer mockServer = new MockServerContainer()) {
    mockServer.start();
    String expectedBody = "Hello Default World!";
    MockServerClient client = new MockServerClient(
    mockServer.getContainerIpAddress(),
    mockServer.getServerPort()
    );
    client.when(request("/hello")).respond(response(expectedBody));
    // ...
    }
    

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42. 1.8.x
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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43. 1.8.x
    • OkHttp transport
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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44. 1.8.x
    • OkHttp transport
    
    • Test framework

    agnostic
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    public interface Startable extends AutoCloseable {
    void start();
    void stop();
    }
    public interface TestLifecycleAware {
    default void beforeTest(TestDescription description) {}
    default void afterTest(
    TestDescription description,
    Optional throwable
    ) {}
    }
    

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45. 1.8.x
    • OkHttp transport
    
    • Test framework

    agnostic
    
    • Docker cred. helpers
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    {
    "auths": {
    },
    "HttpHeaders": {
    "User-Agent": "Docker-Client/18.03.0-ce (darwin)"
    },
    "credHelpers": {
    "registry.example.com": “helper"
    }
    }
    

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46. 1.8.x
    • OkHttp transport
    
    • Test framework

    agnostic
    
    • Docker cred. helpers
    
    • copyFileToContainer
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    GenericContainer container = new GenericContainer("alpine:latest")
    // Look, Ma! No volumes mounting!
    .withCopyFileToContainer(
    MountableFile.forClasspathResource(“/mappable-resource/"),
    containerPath
    )
    

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47. 1.8.x
    • OkHttp transport
    
    • Test framework

    agnostic
    
    • Docker cred. helpers
    
    • copyFileToContainer
    
    • Pulsar module
    • Couchbase module
    • Cassandra module
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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48. 1.9.x
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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49. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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50. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    No longer needed
    

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51. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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52. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    
    • Fix local Docker Compose

    on Windows
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    new DockerComposeContainer(new File("docker-compose.yml"))
    .withExposedService("redis_1", REDIS_PORT)
    .withExposedService("db_1", 3306)
    .withLocalCompose(true);
    

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53. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    
    • Fix local Docker Compose

    on Windows
    
    • Host ports exposing
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    @BeforeClass
    public static void setUp() {
    localPort = server.getAddress().getPort();
    Testcontainers.exposeHostPorts(localPort);
    }
    @Rule
    public BrowserWebDriverContainer browser = new BrowserWebDriverContainer()
    .withCapabilities(new ChromeOptions());
    @Test
    public void testContainerRunningAgainstExposedHostPort() {
    RemoteWebDriver webDriver = browser.getWebDriver();
    webDriver.get( String.format("http://host.testcontainers.internal:%d/", localPort));
    final String pageSource = webDriver.getPageSource();
    assertTrue(pageSource.contains("Hello from the host!"));
    }
    

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54. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    
    • Fix local Docker Compose

    on Windows
    
    • Host ports exposing
    
    • Random ports in Couchbase
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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55. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    
    • Fix local Docker Compose

    on Windows
    
    • Host ports exposing
    
    • Random ports in Couchbase
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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56. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    
    • Fix local Docker Compose

    on Windows
    
    • Host ports exposing
    
    • Random ports in Couchbase
    
    • ClickHouse and Postgis modules
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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57. 1.10.x
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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58. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    @Testcontainers
    class MyTestcontainersTests {
    // will be shared between test methods
    @Container
    static final MySQLContainer MYSQL_CONTAINER = new MySQLContainer();
    // will be started before and stopped after each test method
    @Container
    PostgreSQLContainer postgresqlContainer = new PostgreSQLContainer()
    .withDatabaseName("foo")
    .withUsername("foo")
    .withPassword(“secret");
    @Test
    void test() {
    assertTrue(MYSQL_CONTAINER.isRunning());
    assertTrue(postgresqlContainer.isRunning());
    }
    }
    

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59. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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60. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    
    • Env var to turn off Ryuk

    (for public CIs)
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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61. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    
    • Env var to turn off Ryuk

    (for public CIs)
    
    • shm + TmpFS settings
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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62. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    
    • Env var to turn off Ryuk

    (for public CIs)
    
    • shm + TmpFS settings
    
    • Auto dependency updates

    with Dependabot
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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63. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    
    • Env var to turn off Ryuk

    (for public CIs)
    
    • shm + TmpFS settings
    
    • Auto dependency updates

    with Dependabot
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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64. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    
    • Env var to turn off Ryuk

    (for public CIs)
    
    • shm + TmpFS settings
    
    • Auto dependency updates

    with Dependabot
    
    • Neo4j and Elasticsearch modules
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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65. 1.11.x
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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66. 1.11.x
    • Chaos Testing (toxiproxy)
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    @Rule
    public GenericContainer redis = new GenericContainer("redis:5.0.4")
    .withExposedPorts(6379)
    .withNetwork(network);
    @Rule
    public ToxiproxyContainer toxiproxy = new ToxiproxyContainer()
    .withNetwork(network);
    @Test
    public void testLatencyViaProxy() throws IOException {
    ContainerProxy proxy = toxiproxy.getProxy(redis, 6379);
    Jedis jedis = new Jedis(
    proxy.getContainerIpAddress(),
    proxy.getProxyPort()
    );
    proxy.toxics()
    .latency("latency", ToxicDirection.DOWNSTREAM, 1_100)
    .setJitter(100);
    jedis.get("somekey");
    }
    

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67. 1.11.x
    • Chaos Testing (toxiproxy)
    
    • fsync=off for PostgreSQL
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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68. 1.11.x
    • Chaos Testing (toxiproxy)
    
    • fsync=off for PostgreSQL
    
    • Drop Netty transport
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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69. 1.11.x
    • Chaos Testing (toxiproxy)
    
    • fsync=off for PostgreSQL
    
    • Drop Netty transport
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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70. 1.11.x
    • Chaos Testing (toxiproxy)
    
    • fsync=off for PostgreSQL
    
    • Drop Netty transport
    
    • Rework shading
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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71. 1.12.x
    Jul, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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72. 1.12.x
    • dependsOn
    Jul, 2019
    @bsideup
    @Rule
    KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer();
    @Rule
    SchemaContainer schemaRegistryContainer = new SchemaContainer()
    .withKafka(kafka)
    .dependsOn(kafka);
    

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73. 1.12.x
    • dependsOn
    
    • Improved pull handling
    Jul, 2019
    @bsideup
    11:15:50.598 INFO [ibmcom/db2express-c:latest] - Pulling docker image: ibmcom/db2express-c:latest. Please
    19:34:25.198 INFO [ibmcom/db2express-c:latest] - Pulling image
    19:34:25.198 INFO [ibmcom/db2express-c:latest] - Pulling image layers: 0 pending, 0 downloaded, 0 extr
    19:34:25.967 INFO [ibmcom/db2express-c:latest] - Pulling image layers: 12 pending, 1 downloaded, 0 extr
    19:34:27.363 INFO [ibmcom/db2express-c:latest] - Pulling image layers: 11 pending, 2 downloaded, 0 extr
    19:34:58.519 ERROR [ibmcom/db2express-c:latest] - Docker image pull has not made progress in 30s - abortin
    19:34:58.564 ERROR [ibmcom/db2express-c:latest] - Failed to pull image: ibmcom/db2express-c:latest. Please
    Before:
    After:
    

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74. 1.12.x
    • dependsOn
    
    • Improved pull handling
    
    • Azure Pipelines for Windows testing
    Jul, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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75. 1.12.x
    • dependsOn
    
    • Improved pull handling
    
    • Azure Pipelines for Windows testing
    Jul, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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76. 1.12.x
    • dependsOn
    
    • Improved pull handling
    
    • Azure Pipelines for Windows testing
    
    • DB2 and RabbitMQ modules
    Jul, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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77. Roadmap
    

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78. new DSL
    

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79. What’s wrong with the current one?
    

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80. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    @bsideup
    

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81. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    GenericContainer
    @bsideup
    

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82. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    KafkaContainer
    @bsideup
    

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83. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    GenericContainer
    @bsideup
    

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84. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    GenericContainer
    @bsideup
    

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85. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    GenericContainer
    public SELF withStartupAttempts(int attempts) {
    this.startupAttempts = attempts;
    return self();
    }
    @bsideup
    

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86. public class KafkaContainer extends GenericContainer {}
    public class GenericContainer> /* */ {}
    @bsideup
    

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87. public class KafkaContainer extends GenericContainer {}
    public class GenericContainer> /* */ {}
    https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/KT-17186
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39163749/how-to-use-a-java-self-bounded-class-in-scala
    @bsideup
    

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88. ❌ Hard to maintain
    @bsideup
    

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89. ❌ Hard to maintain
    ❌ Does not work with Kotlin/Scala
    @bsideup
    

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90. ❌ Hard to maintain
    ❌ Does not work with Kotlin/Scala
    ❌ Externally mutable objects
    @bsideup
    

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91. ❌ Hard to maintain
    ❌ Does not work with Kotlin/Scala
    ❌ Externally mutable objects
    ❌ “setX” isn’t supported, only “withX” (think collections)
    @bsideup
    

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92. ❌ Hard to maintain
    ❌ Does not work with Kotlin/Scala
    ❌ Externally mutable objects
    ❌ “setX” isn’t supported, only “withX” (think collections)
    ❌ No imperative “if-else” with the fluent style
    @bsideup
    

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93. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer() {
    @Override
    protected void initialize() {
    withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log));
    withEmbeddedZookeeper();
    withEnv("FOO", "BAR");
    withStartupAttempts(5);
    }
    };
    New “DSL”?
    @bsideup
    

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94. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer() {
    @Override
    protected void initialize() {
    withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log));
    withEmbeddedZookeeper();
    withEnv("FOO", "BAR");
    withStartupAttempts(5);
    }
    };
    New “DSL”?
    Or even…
    @bsideup
    

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95. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer() {{
    withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log));
    withEmbeddedZookeeper();
    withEnv("FOO", "BAR");
    withStartupAttempts(5);
    }}
    New “DSL”?
    @bsideup
    

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96. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer() {{
    withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log));
    withEmbeddedZookeeper();
    withEnv("FOO", "BAR");
    withStartupAttempts(5);
    }}
    New “DSL”?
    public void withStartupAttempts(int attempts) {
    this.startupAttempts = attempts;
    }
    @bsideup
    

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97. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer() {{
    withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log));
    withEmbeddedZookeeper();
    withEnv("FOO", "BAR");
    withStartupAttempts(5);
    }}
    New “DSL”?
    public void withStartupAttempts(int attempts) {
    this.startupAttempts = attempts;
    }
    @bsideup
    

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98. ✓ Super easy to maintain
    @bsideup
    

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99. ✓ Super easy to maintain
    ✓ Works with any JVM language
    @bsideup
    

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100. ✓ Super easy to maintain
     ✓ Works with any JVM language
     ✓ “Controllable mutability” - no modifications outside of
     “initialize”
     @bsideup
     

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101. ✓ Super easy to maintain
     ✓ Works with any JVM language
     ✓ “Controllable mutability” - no modifications outside of
     “initialize”
     ✓ Void-retuning “setX” can easily be used
     @bsideup
     

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102. ✓ Super easy to maintain
     ✓ Works with any JVM language
     ✓ “Controllable mutability” - no modifications outside of
     “initialize”
     ✓ Void-retuning “setX” can easily be used
     ✓ Can use “if-else”
     @bsideup
     

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103. GraalVM focus
     

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104. @bsideup
     https://medium.com/graalvm/using-testcontainers-from-a-node-js-
     application-3aa2273bf3bb
     

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105. @bsideup
     // JavaScript
     var GenericContainer = Java.type(’org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer’);
     var container = new GenericContainer("nginx");
     container.setExposedPorts([80]);
     container.start();
     console.log(container.getContainerIpAddress() + ‘:’ + container.getMappedPort(80));
     https://medium.com/graalvm/using-testcontainers-from-a-node-js-
     application-3aa2273bf3bb
     

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106. @bsideup
     // JavaScript
     var GenericContainer = Java.type(’org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer’);
     var container = new GenericContainer("nginx");
     container.setExposedPorts([80]);
     container.start();
     console.log(container.getContainerIpAddress() + ‘:’ + container.getMappedPort(80));
     https://medium.com/graalvm/using-testcontainers-from-a-node-js-
     application-3aa2273bf3bb
     // Python
     import java
     generic = java.type('org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer')
     container = generic('nginx')
     container.setExposedPorts([80])
     container.start();
     print('%s:%s' % (container.getContainerIpAddress(), container.getMappedPort(80)));
     

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107. “container core”
     

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108. Testcontainers 1.x architecture
     Core

     (Docker, GenericContainer, 

     JUnit 4 int, test lifecycle)
     @bsideup
     

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109. Testcontainers 1.x architecture
     Core

     (Docker, GenericContainer, 

     JUnit 4 int, test lifecycle)
     JUnit Jupiter int.
     @bsideup
     

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110. Testcontainers 1.x architecture
     Core

     (Docker, GenericContainer, 

     JUnit 4 int, test lifecycle)
     JUnit Jupiter int.
     Modules like MySQL/Kafka/…
     @bsideup
     

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111. Testcontainers 2.x architecture
     Container-core

     (GenericContainer)
     @bsideup
     

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112. Testcontainers 2.x architecture
     Container-core

     (GenericContainer)
     Test Frameworks
     JUnit 4
     JUnit Jupiter
     Scala test?
     …
     @bsideup
     

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113. Testcontainers 2.x architecture
     Container-core

     (GenericContainer)
     Test Frameworks
     JUnit 4
     JUnit Jupiter
     Scala test?
     …
     Executing engines
     Container-core-docker

     (env discovery, networks, …)
     Container-core-k8s?
     …
     @bsideup
     

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114. Modules like MySQL/Kafka/…
     Testcontainers 2.x architecture
     Container-core

     (GenericContainer)
     Test Frameworks
     JUnit 4
     JUnit Jupiter
     Scala test?
     …
     Executing engines
     Container-core-docker

     (env discovery, networks, …)
     Container-core-k8s?
     …
     @bsideup
     

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115. View Slide

116. Usability
     Flexibility
     Speed
     Features
     @bsideup
     

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117. Usability
     Flexibility
     Speed
     Features
     @bsideup
     

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118. Usability
     Flexibility
     Speed
     Features
     @bsideup
     

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119. Please welcome…
     

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120. Reusable
     containers
     

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121. Reusable
     containers
     

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122. Demo
     

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123. @bsideup
     

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124. ✓ Ultra-fast ITDD (Integration Test Driven Development)
     @bsideup
     

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125. ✓ Ultra-fast ITDD (Integration Test Driven Development)
     ✓ Minimal effort for the users
     @bsideup
     

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126. ✓ Ultra-fast ITDD (Integration Test Driven Development)
     ✓ Minimal effort for the users
     ✓ Works for most of the containers
     @bsideup
     

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127. ✓ Ultra-fast ITDD (Integration Test Driven Development)
     ✓ Minimal effort for the users
     ✓ Works for most of the containers
     ✓ Eventually cleanups stale containers

     (unlike Docker Compose)
     @bsideup
     

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128. ✓ Ultra-fast ITDD (Integration Test Driven Development)
     ✓ Minimal effort for the users
     ✓ Works for most of the containers
     ✓ Eventually cleanups stale containers

     (unlike Docker Compose)
     ✓ Alpha version is available NOW
     @bsideup
     

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129. Takeaways
     • https://testcontainers.org
     • Works on Linux, Mac and Windows
     • …including CIs like Jenkins, Travis, CircleCI, GH Actions, Azure Pipelines, …
     
     • Provides a great balance between 

     flexibility, usability, speed and features

     @bsideup
     

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130. @bsideup bsideup
     

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