GeeCON 2019: Testcontainers: a year-in-review

Unit testing is fine, but without proper integration testing, especially if you work with external resources like databases and other services, you might not know how your application will actually behave once it has been deployed to the real production environment.

Testcontainers is a popular JVM testing library that provides lightweight, throwaway instances of common databases, Selenium web browsers, or anything else that can run in a Docker container.

In this talk, we will briefly go throught the past, present and the future of the library.

Transcript

1. Testcontainers:

   a year-in-review
   Sergei Egorov
   Kraków, 15-17 May 2019
   @bsideup
   

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   room 1
   

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3. Tweet photos

   #geecon

   @bsideup
   

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4. About me
   • Testcontainers co-maintainer
   
   • Staff Engineer at Pivotal’s Spring R&D, working on Project Reactor ⚛
   
   • Berlin Spring User Group co-organizer
   
   • Developer tools geek
   @bsideup
   

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5. Integration testing
   Why it matters?
   

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6. @bsideup
   

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7. @bsideup
   

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8. Integration testing
   Real-world, but isolated testing
   
   Spot the issues before the real
   environment
   
   Can be run during the
   development
   You have to start real databases
   
   Should be cross-platform
   
   Slower than Unit testing
   Pros Cons
   @bsideup
   

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9. Integration testing transformation
   @bsideup
   

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10. Mocking
    Integration testing transformation
    @bsideup
    

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11. Mocking
    Local DBs
    Integration testing transformation
    @bsideup
    

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12. Mocking
    Local DBs
    VMs

    (Vagrant)
    Integration testing transformation
    @bsideup
    

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13. Mocking
    Local DBs
    VMs

    (Vagrant)
    Docker
    Integration testing transformation
    @bsideup
    

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14. Mocking
    Local DBs
    VMs

    (Vagrant)
    Docker
    Fig

    (aka Docker Compose)
    Integration testing transformation
    @bsideup
    

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15. Mocking
    Local DBs
    VMs

    (Vagrant)
    Docker
    Fig

    (aka Docker Compose)
    Docker API
    Integration testing transformation
    @bsideup
    

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17. Abstraction layer
    

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18. CI friendly
    

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19. Cross-platform
    

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20. Docker Compose FTW!
    redis:

    image: redis

    ports:

    - "6379:6379"

    postgres:

    image: postgres

    ports:

    - "5432:5432"

    elasticsearch:

    image: elasticsearch:5.0.0

    ports:

    - "9200:9200"

    @bsideup
    

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21. But…
    

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22. Declarative YAML
    redis:

    image: redis

    ports:

    - "6379:6379"

    postgres:

    image: postgres

    ports:

    - "5432:5432"

    elasticsearch:

    image: elasticsearch:5.0.0

    ports:

    - "9200:9200"

    @bsideup
    

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23. ports randomization?
    redis:

    image: redis

    ports:

    - "6379:6379"

    postgres:

    image: postgres

    ports:

    - "5432:5432"

    elasticsearch:

    image: elasticsearch:5.0.0

    ports:

    - "9200:9200"

    @bsideup
    

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24. Container per test?
    redis:

    image: redis

    ports:

    - "6379:6379"

    postgres:

    image: postgres

    ports:

    - "5432:5432"

    elasticsearch:

    image: elasticsearch:5.0.0

    ports:

    - "9200:9200"

    @bsideup
    

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25. IDE integration?
    @bsideup
    

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26. Fighting with Docker environment
    

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27. There is no place like
    

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28. There is no place like
    … unless there is
    

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29. Can we improve that?
    

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31. Testcontainers
    • http://github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-java
    • Wraps docker-java library
    
    • Docker environment discovery (Win, Mac, Linux)
    
    • Containers cleanup on JVM shutdown
    @bsideup
    

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32. As simple as
    PostgreSQLContainer postgresql = new PostgreSQLContainer()

    

    GenericContainer redis = new GenericContainer("redis:3")

    .withExposedPorts(6379)
    @bsideup
    

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33. Users
    

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34. @bsideup
    

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35. Demo
    

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36. 1.6.x
    Jan, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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37. 1.6.x
    • Kafka module
    Jan, 2018
    @bsideup
    try (KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()) {
    kafka.start();
    testKafkaFunctionality(kafka.getBootstrapServers());
    }
    

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38. 1.6.x
    • Kafka module
    
    • “Ryuk”
    Jan, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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39. 1.7.x
    Apr, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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40. 1.7.x
    • Maven BOM
    Apr, 2018
    @bsideup
    
    
    
    org.testcontainers
    testcontainers-bom
    1.11.2
    bom
    import
    
    
    
    

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41. 1.7.x
    • Maven BOM
    
    • DockerCompose

    wait strategies
    Apr, 2018
    @bsideup
    new DockerComposeContainer(new File("docker-compose.yml"))
    .withExposedService(
    "redis_1",
    REDIS_PORT,
    Wait.forListeningPort()
    )
    .withExposedService(
    "db_1",
    3306,
    Wait.forLogMessage(".*ready for connections.*\\s", 1)
    );
    

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42. 1.7.x
    • Maven BOM
    
    • DockerCompose

    wait strategies
    
    • Daemon threads
    Apr, 2018
    @bsideup
    kiraThread.setDaemon(true);
    kiraThread.start();
    

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43. 1.7.x
    • Maven BOM
    
    • DockerCompose

    wait strategies
    
    • Daemon threads
    
    • MockServer module
    Apr, 2018
    @bsideup
    try (MockServerContainer mockServer = new MockServerContainer()) {
    mockServer.start();
    String expectedBody = "Hello Default World!";
    MockServerClient client = new MockServerClient(
    mockServer.getContainerIpAddress(),
    mockServer.getServerPort()
    );
    client.when(request("/hello")).respond(response(expectedBody));
    // ...
    }
    

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44. 1.8.x
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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45. 1.8.x
    • OkHttp transport
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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46. 1.8.x
    • OkHttp transport
    
    • Test framework

    agnostic
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    public interface Startable extends AutoCloseable {
    void start();
    void stop();
    }
    public interface TestLifecycleAware {
    default void beforeTest(TestDescription description) {}
    default void afterTest(
    TestDescription description,
    Optional throwable
    ) {}
    }
    

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47. 1.8.x
    • OkHttp transport
    
    • Test framework

    agnostic
    
    • Docker cred. helpers
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    {
    "auths": {
    },
    "HttpHeaders": {
    "User-Agent": "Docker-Client/18.03.0-ce (darwin)"
    },
    "credHelpers": {
    "registry.example.com": “helper"
    }
    }
    

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48. 1.8.x
    • OkHttp transport
    
    • Test framework

    agnostic
    
    • Docker cred. helpers
    
    • copyFileToContainer
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    GenericContainer container = new GenericContainer("alpine:latest")
    // Look, Ma! No volumes mounting!
    .withCopyFileToContainer(
    MountableFile.forClasspathResource(“/mappable-resource/"),
    containerPath
    )
    

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49. 1.8.x
    • OkHttp transport
    
    • Test framework

    agnostic
    
    • Docker cred. helpers
    
    • copyFileToContainer
    
    • Pulsar module
    • Couchbase module
    • Cassandra module
    Jun, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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50. 1.9.x
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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51. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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52. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    No longer needed
    

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53. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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54. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    
    • Fix local Docker Compose

    on Windows
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    new DockerComposeContainer(new File("docker-compose.yml"))
    .withExposedService("redis_1", REDIS_PORT)
    .withExposedService("db_1", 3306)
    .withLocalCompose(true);
    

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55. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    
    • Fix local Docker Compose

    on Windows
    
    • Host ports exposing
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    @BeforeClass
    public static void setUp() {
    localPort = server.getAddress().getPort();
    Testcontainers.exposeHostPorts(localPort);
    }
    @Rule
    public BrowserWebDriverContainer browser = new BrowserWebDriverContainer()
    .withCapabilities(new ChromeOptions());
    @Test
    public void testContainerRunningAgainstExposedHostPort() {
    RemoteWebDriver webDriver = browser.getWebDriver();
    webDriver.get( String.format("http://host.testcontainers.internal:%d/", localPort));
    final String pageSource = webDriver.getPageSource();
    assertTrue(pageSource.contains("Hello from the host!"));
    }
    

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56. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    
    • Fix local Docker Compose

    on Windows
    
    • Host ports exposing
    
    • Random ports in Couchbase
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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57. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    
    • Fix local Docker Compose

    on Windows
    
    • Host ports exposing
    
    • Random ports in Couchbase
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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58. 1.9.x
    • OkHttp by default
    
    • Windows npipe support
    
    • Registry auth on Windows
    
    • Fix local Docker Compose

    on Windows
    
    • Host ports exposing
    
    • Random ports in Couchbase
    
    • ClickHouse and Postgis modules
    Sep, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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59. 1.10.x
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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60. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    @Testcontainers
    class MyTestcontainersTests {
    // will be shared between test methods
    @Container
    static final MySQLContainer MYSQL_CONTAINER = new MySQLContainer();
    // will be started before and stopped after each test method
    @Container
    PostgreSQLContainer postgresqlContainer = new PostgreSQLContainer()
    .withDatabaseName("foo")
    .withUsername("foo")
    .withPassword(“secret");
    @Test
    void test() {
    assertTrue(MYSQL_CONTAINER.isRunning());
    assertTrue(postgresqlContainer.isRunning());
    }
    }
    

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61. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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62. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    
    • Env var to turn off Ryuk

    (for public CIs)
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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63. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    
    • Env var to turn off Ryuk

    (for public CIs)
    
    • shm + TmpFS settings
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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64. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    
    • Env var to turn off Ryuk

    (for public CIs)
    
    • shm + TmpFS settings
    
    • Auto dependency updates

    with Dependabot
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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65. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    
    • Env var to turn off Ryuk

    (for public CIs)
    
    • shm + TmpFS settings
    
    • Auto dependency updates

    with Dependabot
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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66. 1.10.x
    • JUnit 5 support
    
    • New docs & more examples
    
    • Env var to turn off Ryuk

    (for public CIs)
    
    • shm + TmpFS settings
    
    • Auto dependency updates

    with Dependabot
    
    • Neo4j and Elasticsearch modules
    Nov, 2018
    @bsideup
    

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67. 1.11.x
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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68. 1.11.x
    • Chaos Testing (toxiproxy)
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    @Rule
    public GenericContainer redis = new GenericContainer("redis:5.0.4")
    .withExposedPorts(6379)
    .withNetwork(network);
    @Rule
    public ToxiproxyContainer toxiproxy = new ToxiproxyContainer()
    .withNetwork(network);
    @Test
    public void testLatencyViaProxy() throws IOException {
    ContainerProxy proxy = toxiproxy.getProxy(redis, 6379);
    Jedis jedis = new Jedis(
    proxy.getContainerIpAddress(),
    proxy.getProxyPort()
    );
    proxy.toxics()
    .latency("latency", ToxicDirection.DOWNSTREAM, 1_100)
    .setJitter(100);
    jedis.get("somekey");
    }
    

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69. 1.11.x
    • Chaos Testing (toxiproxy)
    
    • fsync=off for PostgreSQL
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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70. 1.11.x
    • Chaos Testing (toxiproxy)
    
    • fsync=off for PostgreSQL
    
    • Drop Netty transport
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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71. 1.11.x
    • Chaos Testing (toxiproxy)
    
    • fsync=off for PostgreSQL
    
    • Drop Netty transport
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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72. 1.11.x
    • Chaos Testing (toxiproxy)
    
    • fsync=off for PostgreSQL
    
    • Drop Netty transport
    
    • Rework shading
    Mar, 2019
    @bsideup
    

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73. Roadmap
    

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74. new DSL
    

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75. What’s wrong with the current one?
    

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76. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    @bsideup
    

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77. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    GenericContainer
    @bsideup
    

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78. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    KafkaContainer
    @bsideup
    

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79. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    GenericContainer
    @bsideup
    

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80. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    GenericContainer
    @bsideup
    

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81. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer()
    .withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
    .withEmbeddedZookeeper()
    .withEnv("FOO", "BAR")
    .withStartupAttempts(5);
    Current DSL
    GenericContainer
    public SELF withStartupAttempts(int attempts) {
    this.startupAttempts = attempts;
    return self();
    }
    @bsideup
    

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82. public class KafkaContainer extends GenericContainer {}
    public class GenericContainer> /* */ {}
    @bsideup
    

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83. public class KafkaContainer extends GenericContainer {}
    public class GenericContainer> /* */ {}
    https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/KT-17186
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39163749/how-to-use-a-java-self-bounded-class-in-scala
    @bsideup
    

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84. ❌ Hard to maintain
    @bsideup
    

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85. ❌ Hard to maintain
    ❌ Does not work with Kotlin/Scala
    @bsideup
    

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86. ❌ Hard to maintain
    ❌ Does not work with Kotlin/Scala
    ❌ Externally mutable objects
    @bsideup
    

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87. ❌ Hard to maintain
    ❌ Does not work with Kotlin/Scala
    ❌ Externally mutable objects
    ❌ “setX” isn’t supported, only “withX” (think collections)
    @bsideup
    

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88. ❌ Hard to maintain
    ❌ Does not work with Kotlin/Scala
    ❌ Externally mutable objects
    ❌ “setX” isn’t supported, only “withX” (think collections)
    ❌ No imperative “if-else” with the fluent style
    @bsideup
    

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89. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer() {
    @Override
    protected void initialize() {
    withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log));
    withEmbeddedZookeeper();
    withEnv("FOO", "BAR");
    withStartupAttempts(5);
    }
    };
    New “DSL”?
    @bsideup
    

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90. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer() {
    @Override
    protected void initialize() {
    withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log));
    withEmbeddedZookeeper();
    withEnv("FOO", "BAR");
    withStartupAttempts(5);
    }
    };
    New “DSL”?
    Or even…
    @bsideup
    

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91. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer() {{
    withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log));
    withEmbeddedZookeeper();
    withEnv("FOO", "BAR");
    withStartupAttempts(5);
    }}
    New “DSL”?
    @bsideup
    

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92. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer() {{
    withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log));
    withEmbeddedZookeeper();
    withEnv("FOO", "BAR");
    withStartupAttempts(5);
    }}
    New “DSL”?
    public void withStartupAttempts(int attempts) {
    this.startupAttempts = attempts;
    }
    @bsideup
    

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93. KafkaContainer kafka = new KafkaContainer() {{
    withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log));
    withEmbeddedZookeeper();
    withEnv("FOO", "BAR");
    withStartupAttempts(5);
    }}
    New “DSL”?
    public void withStartupAttempts(int attempts) {
    this.startupAttempts = attempts;
    }
    @bsideup
    

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94. ✓ Super easy to maintain
    @bsideup
    

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95. ✓ Super easy to maintain
    ✓ Works with any JVM language
    @bsideup
    

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96. ✓ Super easy to maintain
    ✓ Works with any JVM language
    ✓ “Controllable mutability” - no modifications outside of
    “initialize”
    @bsideup
    

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97. ✓ Super easy to maintain
    ✓ Works with any JVM language
    ✓ “Controllable mutability” - no modifications outside of
    “initialize”
    ✓ Void-retuning “setX” can easily be used
    @bsideup
    

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98. ✓ Super easy to maintain
    ✓ Works with any JVM language
    ✓ “Controllable mutability” - no modifications outside of
    “initialize”
    ✓ Void-retuning “setX” can easily be used
    ✓ Can use “if-else”
    @bsideup
    

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99. GraalVM focus
    

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100. @bsideup
     https://medium.com/graalvm/using-testcontainers-from-a-node-js-
     application-3aa2273bf3bb
     

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101. @bsideup
     // JavaScript
     var GenericContainer = Java.type(’org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer’);
     var container = new GenericContainer("nginx");
     container.setExposedPorts([80]);
     container.start();
     console.log(container.getContainerIpAddress() + ‘:’ + container.getMappedPort(80));
     https://medium.com/graalvm/using-testcontainers-from-a-node-js-
     application-3aa2273bf3bb
     

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102. @bsideup
     // JavaScript
     var GenericContainer = Java.type(’org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer’);
     var container = new GenericContainer("nginx");
     container.setExposedPorts([80]);
     container.start();
     console.log(container.getContainerIpAddress() + ‘:’ + container.getMappedPort(80));
     https://medium.com/graalvm/using-testcontainers-from-a-node-js-
     application-3aa2273bf3bb
     // Python
     import java
     generic = java.type('org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer')
     container = generic('nginx')
     container.setExposedPorts([80])
     container.start();
     print('%s:%s' % (container.getContainerIpAddress(), container.getMappedPort(80)));
     

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103. “container core”
     

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104. Testcontainers 1.x architecture
     Core

     (Docker, GenericContainer, 

     JUnit 4 int, test lifecycle)
     @bsideup
     

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105. Testcontainers 1.x architecture
     Core

     (Docker, GenericContainer, 

     JUnit 4 int, test lifecycle)
     JUnit Jupiter int.
     @bsideup
     

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106. Testcontainers 1.x architecture
     Core

     (Docker, GenericContainer, 

     JUnit 4 int, test lifecycle)
     JUnit Jupiter int.
     Modules like MySQL/Kafka/…
     @bsideup
     

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107. Testcontainers 2.x architecture
     Container-core

     (GenericContainer)
     @bsideup
     

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108. Testcontainers 2.x architecture
     Container-core

     (GenericContainer)
     Test Frameworks
     JUnit 4
     JUnit Jupiter
     Scala test?
     …
     @bsideup
     

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109. Testcontainers 2.x architecture
     Container-core

     (GenericContainer)
     Test Frameworks
     JUnit 4
     JUnit Jupiter
     Scala test?
     …
     Executing engines
     Container-core-docker

     (env discovery, networks, …)
     Container-core-k8s?
     …
     @bsideup
     

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110. Modules like MySQL/Kafka/…
     Testcontainers 2.x architecture
     Container-core

     (GenericContainer)
     Test Frameworks
     JUnit 4
     JUnit Jupiter
     Scala test?
     …
     Executing engines
     Container-core-docker

     (env discovery, networks, …)
     Container-core-k8s?
     …
     @bsideup
     

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111. View Slide

112. Usability
     Flexibility
     Speed
     Features
     @bsideup
     

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113. Usability
     Flexibility
     Speed
     Features
     @bsideup
     

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114. Usability
     Flexibility
     Speed
     Features
     @bsideup
     

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115. Please welcome…
     

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116. Reusable
     containers
     

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117. Reusable
     containers
     

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118. Demo
     

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119. @bsideup
     

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120. ✓ Ultra-fast ITDD (Integration Test Driven Development)
     @bsideup
     

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121. ✓ Ultra-fast ITDD (Integration Test Driven Development)
     ✓ Minimal effort for the users
     @bsideup
     

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122. ✓ Ultra-fast ITDD (Integration Test Driven Development)
     ✓ Minimal effort for the users
     ✓ Works for most of the containers
     @bsideup
     

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123. ✓ Ultra-fast ITDD (Integration Test Driven Development)
     ✓ Minimal effort for the users
     ✓ Works for most of the containers
     ✓ Eventually cleanups stale containers

     (unlike Docker Compose)
     @bsideup
     

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124. ✓ Ultra-fast ITDD (Integration Test Driven Development)
     ✓ Minimal effort for the users
     ✓ Works for most of the containers
     ✓ Eventually cleanups stale containers

     (unlike Docker Compose)
     ✓ Available later this year. Pre-order now for $0
     @bsideup
     

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125. Takeaways
     • https://testcontainers.org
     • Works on Linux, Mac and Windows
     • …including CIs like Jenkins, Travis, CircleCI, BitBucket, AzurePipelines, …
     
     • Provides a great balance between 

     flexibility, usability, speed and features

     @bsideup
     

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126. @bsideup
     bsideup
     

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