Universal Serial Bus (USB) Deep Dive Technology Exploration for AV Design and Integration

Universal Serial Bus is a core technology for interactive, presentation, and collaboration AV systems. With new USB power delivery and connection standards in place, a comprehensive understanding of USB design theory and integration practices has never been more important. USB is a core element of advanced system design from control, to power, to signal transport. This class will prepare the participant with a deep dive exploration of USB 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.1 and PD technology standards, applications and performance. Participants will learn about USB for use with interactive flat panels and projectors, interactive white boards, USB charging stations and more.

Transcript

1. Joseph D. Cornwall, CTS-D, CTS-I Technology Evangelist
2. Our Agenda USB History Welcome The AV Unicorn Alternate Mode Connecting USB To The World USB Operational Theory Eye Pattern, Power & Pyramids
3. Universal Serial Bus USB Was Designed To Standardize The Connection Of Computer Peripherals –Replaced Serial And Parallel Ports –Eliminated The Need For Separate Power Supplies For Devices –Allows For “Hot Swapping” –Connect Up To 127 “Devices” –Allows The Flow Of Information Into AND Out Of A Computer (Host)
4. USB 1.1, 2.0 And 3.0 USB 1.1 1.5 Mbit/s “Low Speed” “Human Interface Devices” 12 Mbit/s “Full Speed” Mass Storage Device Imaging Device USB 2.0 480 Mbit/s “Hi Speed” Devices Sufficient For Sound Playback Supports Compressed Video Capability USB 3.0 5 Gbit/s “Superspeed” 625 MB/s, More Than 10 Times Faster Than USB 2.0 USB 3.0 Is “Green” And Uses About One-third The Power Of USB 2.0
5. Universal Serial Bus Version Year Low Speed Full Speed High Speed Super Speed Super Speed + Power Limit 1.1 1998 ▪ ▪ 500mA 2.0 2000 ▪ ▪ ▪ 900mA* *during data transfer 3.0 2007 ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ 900mA* 3.1 2013 ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ You Won’t Believe Me!
6. Examination Of USB Bus Speeds
7. USB Topology USB leverages an asymmetrical star topology Host, downstream ports, peripheral devices Each host controller may provide one or more USB ports Up to 127 downstream ports may be supported by a single host controller
9. USB 2.0 “A” and “B” USB Type A and Micro B USB 3.0 “A” and “B” Comparison of USB 2.0 and 3.0 Connectors
10. Types of USB Connectors USB 3.0
11. USB Connectivity Pin 1 Vbus Pin 2 D- Pin 3 D+ Pin 4 Ground Pin 1 Ground Pin 2 USB OTG Address Bus Pin 3 D+ Pin 4 D- Pin 5 Vbus USB “A“ Connector USB “Micro B“ Connector
12. Round Robin Device Enumeration USB communicates in “round robin” fashion Device assigned unique 7-bit address Device drivers loaded Transaction translators convert between high-speed, full-speed and low-speed buses
13. USB Logical Channels USB communication is based on logical channels (pipes) 2 types of pipes –Stream pipe (unidirectional) for isochronous, interrupt or bulk –Message pipe (bi-directional) for control data flow
14. USB Transfer Types Isochronous transfers at some guaranteed data but with possible data loss Interrupt transfers guarantee quick responses (bounded latency) Bulk transfers are for large sporadic transfers using all remaining available bandwidth, but with no guarantees on bandwidth or latency Control transfers are used for short, simple commands or device status response
15. USB Functions Any device that can transmit or receive data is known as a “function” –A mug warmer, for example, doesn’t transmit data and is, therefore, not a function Devices may be composite or compound –Composite = 2 functions with a “virtual” hub –Compound = 2 functions with an actual hub
16. Compound and Composite A USB compound device appears to the host as A hub with one or more non-removable USB devices embedded –Each Function Appears As A Discrete Device Attached To A Hub –To The USB System, A Compound Device Occupies Two Tiers
17. Understanding Hubs Hubs consist of 3 components –Repeater - connects and releases functions –Controller - communicates with the host –Transaction translator – controls speeds Hubs are self-powered or bus powered
18. Example Of 7-Port USB Hub In Tier Occupied Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Tier Occupied In Port 4 Port 5 Port 6 Port 7
19. Understanding Extender Systems USB’s inherent time limitations allow for cable length of no more than 5 meters Hubs regenerate the signal and are repeaters Almost all USB extenders are seen by the host as a hub
20. USB SuperBooster Converts USB signal to a proprietary signal USB superbooster systems do not have to occupy a tier  Superbooster systems may use NAK (not acknowledged) communication protocol to “get around” system latency  Data packet not accepted; please retransmit
21. The Universal Battery Existing USB technology specifies a 5V (+/-5%) power supply –In USB, power is delivered in quanta of unit loads –Single unit load in USB 1.1 & 2.0 is defined as 100mA –High-power devices draw up to the maximum number of unit loads permitted (5 unit loads) USB 1.1, 2.0 and 3.1(gen 1) all treat power similarly
22. PRODUCT LINE, RANGE NAME or DIVSION “The height of cleverness is to be able to conceal it.” - Francois de La Rochefoucauld Practical USB System Analysis
23. USB On One End, HDMI On The Other Established in 2010 • Current installed base of more than 1.4 billion devices
24. USB’s Relationship With Time USB 2.0 is a half-duplex system that operates within rigid time constraints where hubs and functions must respond to the host within a tightly defined time frame 5 Meter USB length limitation is derived from this time constraint Velocity of propagation is a measure of how fast a signal travels over time. In computer technology, the velocity of propagation of a signal is the speed of transmission through a physical medium such as a cable or fiber.
25. The Need for Speed, USB 3.0 Increases conductor count from 4 to 9 4.8Gbps versus 480Mbps Asynchronous full duplex operation Better power efficiency, powers more devices from a hub
26. The Importance of Eye Pattern Due to eye pattern constraints, USB 3.0 is limited to about 3 meters link-length in practice
27. USB System Analysis If passive, -100mA Bus Powered -100mA Hidden Passive Hub -100mA How much power does this device require? What other devices are connected to the IWB and how much power to they require? • How confident are we that this simple classroom system will work? • Did we specify a USB power budget?
28. USBDeview Screen Cap www.nirsoft.net/utils/usb_devices_view.html
29. “The cloning of humans is on most of the lists of things to worry about from science, along with behavior control, genetic engineering, transplanted heads, computer poetry and the unrestrained growth of plastic flowers.” ─ Lewis Thomas Engineering The Future In C
30. Symmetrical, Compact, Powerful… USB Type-C is the physical “form factor” • Designed for 10,000 plug/unplug cycles • Robust enough for laptops and tablets; slim enough for mobile phones “This next generation of USB technology opens the door for the invention of an entirely new, super thin class of devices that consumers haven’t even seen yet”
31. USB Type C Adapter Cables Type-C to Type-B Type-C to Type-A Type-C to DisplayPort Type-C to Micro-B
32. Apple, Google, Microsoft…
33. Type C Pin Out
34. “Power corrupts. Absolute power is kind of neat.” ─ John Lehman USB Type-C and Power
35. USB Battery Charging
36. Is Now USB Power Delivery
37. This Will Redefine Docking A desktop monitor will charge and communicate with smartphones, tablets or laptops via a single port that provides power, video, audio, data and control.
38. USB Power Delivery Profiles
39. Marker and Billboard Chips Interconnects and devices will use embedded marker and billboard chips to ensure all devices can handle proposed power levels.
41. Alternate Realities… Pop up menu shows potential USB Type-C connection choices and modes  Includes support for external MIDI devices like keyboards.  Builds on some of the audio features Google introduced in Lollipop, including a reduction in latency, multichannel audio stream mixing, and support for USB microphones, amplifiers, speakers, and other accessories.  It is even possible for USB Type C to support analog ear buds and a microphone for hands-free operation. It will do this through the Alternate Mode channel.
42. “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” ─ Arthur C. Clarke Alternate Mode
43. USB Type C Alternate Mode
44. Type C Pin Out
45. Let’s Review DisplayPort Pin Out Aux Lane 0 Lane 1 Lane 3 HPD VR +3.3V Config Lane 2
46. Let’s Review HDMI Pin-Out R R G G B B S S CEC DDC DDC DDC HEAC +5V HP
47. DisplayPort Dual Mode The difference between DP1.1 and DP++ is the ability of the later to “speak” to an HDMI display without the need for active circuitry
48. USB Type-C Leverages DP 1.1 Active Conversion
49. USB Type-C To DisplayPort Cable is reversible with 4 full lanes of DisplayPort This technology supports legacy DP devices When connected to DP devices, there is no support for USB or other alternate modes
51. “The best ideas come as jokes. Make your thinking as funny as possible.” David M. Ogilvy The Conclusion Is The Place Where You Get Tired Of Thinking.
52.  USB Type C has the ability to unify desktop connectivity, making data, video, audio and control available thru a single link  USB Type C defines a new connector  USB 3.1 defines a new performance level  USB PD defines a new association with power supply and flow  USB Type C, USB 3.1 and USB PD may be implemented as discrete elements in new product design  USB Type C supports DisplayPort, HDMI and even analog 3.5mm audio/microphone capabilities in Alternate Mode  Major device manufacturers are investing heavily in USB Type C technology