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#24 “Ananta: Cloud Scale Load Balancing”
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cafenero_777
June 19, 2023
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#24 “Ananta: Cloud Scale Load Balancing”
ACM SIGCOM ’13
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2534169.2486026
cafenero_777
June 19, 2023
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Transcript
Research Paper Introduction #24 “Ananta: Cloud Scale Load Balancing” ௨ࢉ#75
@cafenero_777 2021/06/24 1
Agenda • ରจ • ֓ཁͱಡ͏ͱͨ͠ཧ༝ 1. INTRODUCTION 2. BACKGROUND 3.
DESIGN 4. IMPLEMENTATION 5. MEASUREMENTS 6. OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE 7. RELATED WORK 8. CONCLUSION 2
ରจ • Ananta: Cloud Scale Load Balancing • Parveen Patel,
Deepak Bansal, Lihua Yuan, Ashwin Murthy, Albert Greenberg, David A. Maltz, Randy Kern, Hemant Kumar, Marios Zikos, Hongyu Wu, Changhoon Kim, Naveen Karri • Microsoft • ACM SIGCOM ’13 • https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2534169.2486026 3
֓ཁͱಡ͏ͱͨ͠ཧ༝ • ֓ཁ • Ananta: Scalable L4LB (DSR/NAT) • ୯ҰVIPͰ100Gbps,
߹ܭͰ1TbpsҎ্ͷଳҬ෯ • Azure্Ͱಈ࡞ • ಡ͏ͱͨ͠ཧ༝ͱײ • AzureͷVFPจʹҾ༻ • ଞͷLB (Maglevͱ͔)Ͱ݁ߏҾ༻͞Ε͍ͯͨͷͰɻ 4 https://www.connectedpapers.com/main/5c295df1a7f302c97f6f379eab6abba592811d42/Ananta-cloud-scale-load-balancing/graph Ananta Maglev SilkRoad Beamer Faild Middleboxܥ ࢄɾߴޮܥ
1. Introduction • ΫϥυίϯϐϡʔςΟϯάͷීٴ • ߴ͍Քಇ (SLA), ϚϧνςφϯτɺେنτϥϑΟοΫ • 1VIP
100Gbps, 1000host/VIP, 6~60ճૢ࡞/1min • શSLAҧ/োͷ36%LBؔ࿈ • Ananta (αϯεΫϦοτޠͰແݶ) • Scalable L4 LB (NAT/DSR) • D-plane: ECMP (in NW), LB, NAT (in VFP/HV) • C-plane: SDN/Paxos, S-NAT࿈ܞ • 2011/09ʹAzureʹ100ಋೖ, 1Tbps, 100k VIPs • L4LB@Cloud, NWࢄγεςϜͱsclaingʹ͍ͭͯɺଌఆ݁Ռͱӡ༻݁ՌΛհ 5
2. BACKGROUND • Data Center Clos NW: 10Gαʔό*40kɺoversub 1:4, 400Gbps@Border
• VIPτϥϑΟοΫͷੑ࣭ • 44%VIPτϥϑΟοΫʢDC:DC֎=2:1ʣ • DCؒin/out1:1, σʔλಉظܥ • ཁ݅·ͱΊ 1. “Scale, Scale and Scale”: • ίετʢαʔόίετͷ1%, 400ଟ͗͢ɻʣ • ࠷େ1VIP 100Gbps & 1M current-conn, 100ճઃఆมߋ/ 2. ৴པੑ: N+1ߏͰͷࣗಈճ෮ɺϝϯςରԠ 3. “Any Service Anywhere”: L2υϝΠϯ੍ݶʹറΒΕͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δ 4. ςφϯτ: LBڞ༗ʹΑΔDoSӨڹʢଞͷސ٬͕ଳҬΛୣΘΕΔʣͷରࡦ 6 400Gbps 100Tbps
3. DESIGN (1/5) Principles & Architecture 7 • Scale outͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ
• RouterͷΑ͏ʹϑϩʔҡ࣋ػߏΛ࣋ͨͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δ • શಉظ͕ඞཁͳͷΘͳ͍ • i.e. WRR (Weighted Round Robin)ͱWeighted Random • ͍͠ॲཧHVଆͰΔʢΦϑϩʔυ͢Δʣ • ACL, Rate Limit, Metering • Ananta Manager (AM), Multiplexer (Mux), Host Agent (HA) • Inbound: IP-in-IP, NAT and DSR • Outbound: DIP->VIPVIP:sportͷmappingΛMUXͱHAͰಉظ͓ͯ͘͠ VIPใ/ECMP Selection/IP-in-IP L3 Routing Decap/DNAT NAT͠ DSR (Encapͳ͠) sportͱVIPΛཁٻ sportͱVIPΛઃఆ dportͱVIPͰ VMʹৼΓ͚
3. DESIGN (2/5) Principles & Architecture 8 • Fastpath: VIP
to VIP௨৴ɿLBΛbypath͠ɺHVؒͰ௨৴ͤ͞Δ • ࠷ॳLBΛ௨ͯ͠௨৴ • 3WHSྃ͢ΔͱDIP mappingใΛϦμΠϨΫτ • HA͕௨৴ͤ͞Δ • ҎޙLBΛ௨Βͳ͍ • ͬऔΓରࡦඞཁ ͜ͷ௨৴DIP2ͱmapping͞ΕͯΔΑ DIP1ඥ͚ DIP1/DIP2௨৴
3. DESIGN (3/5) Mux/Host Agent 9 • Mux Pool (Muxͷηοτ)
• Mux: BGP Speaker: VIPΛใɻো࣌ܦ࿏ॖୀɻTCP MD5ೝূ • AM͕VIP/DIP mappingΛMuxʹσϓϩΠɻ5tupleͰselection, hashؔɾseedશMuxͰڞ௨ʢECMPͰͲͷMuxʹ౸ୡͯ͠ಉ͡ॲཧΛอূʣ • ҰmappingΛࢀর͞ΕΔͱϑϩʔΛอ࣋ɻͨͩ͠ϝϞϦׂྔผʢSYN-Flood߈ܸରࡦʣ • ৴པͰ͖Δϑϩʔɿෳύέοτ->timeoutΊʹ͢Δ • ৴པͰ͖ͳ͍ϑϩʔɿ1ύέοτ->timeoutΊʹ͢Δ • Mux͕μϯ͢ΔͱECMPΨϥΨϥϙϯ • μϯதʹmappingมߋ͞ΕΔͱϑϩʔҡ࣋Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ->DHT (Distributed hash table)Λར༻ • Host Agent: શHV্ʹଘࡏɺFastpath, NAT, Health checkΛߦ͏ ʢP.8ͷઆ໌ʣ • ϙʔτͷ࠶ར༻ػೳ • Health checkMuxͰͳ͘HAଆͰΔɻ
3. DESIGN (4/5) Ananta Manager/Tenant Isolation 10 • Ananta Manager
(AM) • Paxosϕʔεͷࢄίϯτϩʔϥ • 5ϨϓϦΧͰՔಇɺ3ϨϓϦΧҎ্Ͱਖ਼ৗॲཧ • S-NAT: portׂΛόϧΫॲཧ • ςφϯτ • Muxຖʹಠཱ֤ͯ͠ςφϯτΞΠιϨʔγϣϯΛ࣮͢Εྑ͍ • AM: ཁٻFCFS(ઌணॱ: fi rst-come- fi rst-serve)͞ΕΔɻ͔ͭɺಉ͡Α͏ͳ৽نϦΫΤετऔΓԼ͛ɻ(2) • Mux: దͳଳҬ෯Λ͑ͨ߹ɺաଳҬʹൺྫͨ֬͠Ͱdrop and rate limit͢Δ • Top talker(Ұ൪௨৴͍ͯ͠Δ) VIPΛMux͔ΒҠಈͤ͞Δ
3. DESIGN (5/5) Alternatives 11 • DNS-based LB • ෛՙࢄͷࣄલ༧ଌ͕͍͠ʢClient͔ΒͷϦΫΤετ͕ภΔʣ???
• DNSΩϟογϡফ͑Δ·Ͱ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔ • stateful (NATͳͲ)͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ • OpenFlow-based LB • ࢢൢOpenFlowσόΠεͰ2-4kϑϩʔ·ͰʢMux~Mϑϩʔঢ়ଶΛอ͍࣋ͨ͠ʣ • ςφϯτͷػೳ • BGPใͰ͖ͳ͍ʢAMʹͤΔʁʣ
4. IMPLEMENTATION • AM: Ԡੑॏཁ • SEDA (Staged event-driven Arch.)తͳϩοΫϑϦʔઃܭ
• thread poolڞ༗ʢ૯੍ݶʣ • ༏ઌʢྫɿVIP࡞༏ઌʣ • Paxos SDK + Discovery + Health MonitoringͰ࣮ • ϓϥΠϚϦ͕ॲཧΛߦ͏͜ͱΛอূ • upgrade࣌ʹAMΠϯελϯε͕1ͭҎ্མͪͳ͍͜ͱΛอূ • Mux: ΧʔωϧʢυϥΠόʣͰͷύέοτॲཧ + ϢʔβϞʔυͷBGPॲཧ • ΧʔωϧػೳΛͦͷ··͏: IPIP/RSS/IPv6 etc • 1VIPͰ20k DIP, 1.6M SNAT port mapping. ~Mͷಉ࣌ίωΫγϣϯใΛอ࣋ 12 *5 *8 *all
5. MEASUREMENTS Micro-benchmark 13 10VM * 2 tenantͰ1MB௨৴/connection ͔ᷮʹHostෛՙ͕૿͑Δ͕ɺMuxෛՙେ෯ʹԼΔ 10VM
* 5 tenant (baseτϥϑΟοΫ+SYN- fl ood * 10ճ) தʙߴෛՙͰDoSͷݟ͚͕ͭ͘ʹ͘͘ͳΔɻ ΄΅શͯ75msҎʹऩ·Δ ϙʔτ֬อͰ͖ͳ͍߹Ճ͕࣌ؒlong-tailͰ͔͔Δ Fastpath༗Γແ͠ͰͷCPUෛՙൺֱ SYN- fl ood Attack Mitigation S-NAT·ͰͷϨΠςϯγʔ
5. MEASUREMENTS Real World Data (1/2) • ߹ܭ1Tbps, 3ӡ༻ɺinter/intranet, ༻్ɿblob,
table/queue, storage 14 %ileతʹࠔΔγφϦΦ΄΅ແ͍ɻ <- 50ms <- 200ms <- max 2s req/5min@test tenant ฏۉՔಇ99.95% Muxߴෛՙ ʢSYN- fl oodʣ NW ޡݕ <- 75ms@50%ile <- max 2s ςφϯτɾMuxͷنʹґଘɻ SLAʹऩ·͍ͬͯΔɻ S-NATͷϦΫΤετ࣌ؒ Մ༻ੑ con fi gྃ࣌ؒ
5. MEASUREMENTS Real World Data (2/2) 15 800Mbps (220Kpps) /
core ॲཧ͕͔֬ʹECMP͞Ε͍ͯΔ ߹ܭ33.6Gbps: 2.4Gbps*14 Mux14ͷଳҬͱෛՙঢ়گ (25%)
6. OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE • 3ؒΫϥυͰӡ༻ • HW LBʹ”ݟΓΛ͚ͭͨ”ཧ༝ɿDoS߈ܸରԠ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɺྗੑ (elasticity)͕ͳ͍ɺଳҬ૿ՃɾՁ֨ѹྗʹݟ߹Θͳ͍ •
SW LBͷى͖࣮ͨࡍʹى͖ͨͱ՝ • AM dual primary: ݹ͍primaryػ͔ΒMuxϦΫΤετɺMuxଆ͜ΕΛڋ൱ɻ • Muxଆ͕ϦΫΤετڋ൱Λͨ͠ΒτϥϯβΫγϣϯΛ࣮ߦɺͰղܾ • IP-in-IPͷͨΊMTUมߋ, HA͕MSSௐ͢Δ͕ͣԿނ͔֎ΕͯMTU͑Ͱdrop • ͋ΔϗʔϜϧʔλʹMSS͕ fi x͞ΕΔόά • ͋ΔϞόΠϧOSͷTCPόάͰTCP࠶ଓ࣌ʹϑϧαΠζͷηάϝϯτΛͦͷ··͏όά • NWશମͷMTUΛ্͛ͨ • BGPͱLB͕ಉډ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺଳҬ͋;ΕΔͱڞΕɻ͔͠1མͪΔͱτϥϑΟοΫ͕دΔͷͰ࿈োͷՄೳੑ • BGP/LBͰI/FΛ͚ΔɾϧʔλଆͰτϥϑΟοΫϨʔτΛߜΔɻBGP/LBಉډͷ΄͏͕ઃܭ͕γϯϓϧ • HW LBͷΞΠυϧίωΫγϣϯλΠϜΞτʢ̒̌ඵʣ • SW LBͰstateᷓΕରࡦʢDoSରࡦʣΛҾ͖ܧ͍ͩɻϞόΠϧ௨৴ுΓͬͺͳ͕͠ଟ͍ -> ͦͦVIP mapping͕͋ΔͷͰstateΛ࡞Βͳͯ͘ྑ͍->ແࣄλΠϜΞτΛ͘ Ͱ͖ͨ 16
7. RELATED WORK • HW LBεέʔϧΞοϓܕʢ1+1ܕʣ • धཁʹԠͨ͡εέʔϧΞοϓɾμϯ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ • ΫϥυڥͰՔಇཁ݅ͷͨΊN+1ͷੑ͕ඞཁ
• ԾΞϓϥΠΞϯεOSS (HAProxyͳͲ) • N+1͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɻNWো࣌εϖΞIP (I/F)Λ͏ҝL2υϝΠϯ੍ݶ • 1VIPΛεέʔϧͰ͖ͳ͍ • Embrace: ϗετଆͰಈ࡞ɺEgiΒ/RouteBricks: ίϞσΟςΟHWͰߴੑೳϧʔλΛ࣮ݱ • ETTM: શͯͷΤϯυϗετ͕ύέοτॲཧɻAnantaLB͚ͩઐ༻ͷαʔόɻ 17
8. CONCLUSION • Ananta • ࢄܕL4LB/NAT • Ϛϧνςφϯτɺߴ৴པੑɺӡ༻ͷ(Azureͷ)ཁ݅Λຬͨ͢Α͏ʹઃܭ • AzureҎ֎Ͱʹཱͭϋζ
• େن༻్Ͱίετʹݟ߹͏ɾscale-outͰ͖Δઃܭ͕ඞཁ • ECMP, BGP, DSR, Fastpath, HostଆNAT, rate limit • LB100ɺ10ສਓҎ্ʹVIPαʔϏεΛఏڙ 18
3ߦ·ͱΊ • ઃܭࢥMaglev (google)VPPLB (YNWLB2)ͱಉ͡ • BGP/ECMP/Consistent-hash/L4LB/DSR • εέʔϧͤ͞ΔͨΊͷ •
LBͰඞཁͳॲཧʢNATॲཧɾϔϧενΣοΫͳͲʣΛHVଆʹΦϑϩʔυ͢Δ • 1%ϧʔϧʢLBϊʔυΫϥελͷαʔόͷ1%·Ͱʣ • LBઃఆมߋരʢ75msʣ • Fastpath (్த͔ΒLBΛհ͞ͳ͍௨৴ʹΓସ͑Δ)ͰߋʹޮԽ 19
EoP 20