Research Paper Introduction #15 Understanding Operational 5G: A First Measurement Study on Its Coverage, Performance and Energy Consumption

http://xyzhang.ucsd.edu/papers/DXu_SIGCOMM20_5Gmeasure.pdf

Transcript

1. Research Paper Introduction #15 “Understanding Operational 5G: A First Measurement Study on Its Coverage, Performance and Energy Consumption ” ௨ࢉ#55 @cafenero_777 2020/10/22
2. Agenda • ର৅࿦จ • ֓ཁͱಡ΋͏ͱͨ͠ཧ༝ 1. Introduction 2. Measurement Methodology 3. 5G Coverage 4. End-to-End Throughput and Delay 5. Application Performance 6. 5G Smartphone Energy Consumption 7. Related Work 8. Conclusion ঎༻5Gͷݱࡏ͸ʁΧόϨοδ͸ʁύϑΥʔϚϯε͸ʁిྗফඅ͸ʁ ௐ΂ͯΈ·ͨ͠ʂ
3. $ which • The Network is Reliable: An informal survey of real-world communications failuresUnderstanding Operational 5G: A First Measurement Study on Its Coverage, Performance and Energy Consumption • Dongzhu Xu+, Anfu Zhou+, Xinyu Zhang◇, Guixian Wang+, Xi Liu+ Congkai An+, Yiming Shi+, Liang Liu+, Huadong Ma+ • +Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
 {xdz9601, zhouanfu, wangguixian, 2016213522, ACK, syming111, liangliu, mhd}@bupt.edu.cn ◇ University of California San Diego xyzhang@ucsd.edu • SIGCOM ‘20 • http://xyzhang.ucsd.edu/papers/DXu_SIGCOMM20_5Gmeasure.pdf • ঺հblog • https://blog.acolyer.org/2020/10/05/understanding-operational-5g
4. ֓ཁͱಡ΋͏ͱͨ͠ཧ༝ • ֓ཁ • 5G͸Ͳͷఔ౓࣮ྗʢଳҬɺ஗Ԇɺ઀ଓੑʣΛൃش͍ͯ͠Δ͔Λ঎༻5G؀ڥͰௐࠪ • BBRΛ࢖͏ͱ଎͍͕ϩε΋໨ཱͭɻɻͦ΋ͦ΋5Gͩͱফඅిྗߴ͗͢ɻɻ • 5GͷੑೳΛ࠷େݶҾ͖ग़͢ʹ͸ΤίγεςϜܗ੒͕ඞཁ • ಡ΋͏ͱͨ͠ཧ༝ • TCP࣮૷ʢ্Ґ૚ϓϩτίϧ࣮૷ʣͷҧ͍Ͱ5Gͷੑೳ͕มΘΔ఺ • BlogΛݺΜͰڵຯ͕༙͍ͨ • https://blog.acolyer.org/2020/10/05/understanding-operational-5g • One more thing….
5. ॕɿ iPhone 12 with 5G https://www.apple.com/jp/iphone-12-pro/
6. 1. Introduction • 2019೥ʹ࠷ॳͷ5Gελʔτ • 4k/8k video/VR, ࣗಈӡసɺԕִखज़ɺେن໛IoT (M2M) • 5G࠷దԽ͸Τοδͷॴ͕ϝΠϯ • ΤϯυπʔΤϯυʢ༗ઢpath, Ϋϥ΢υɺσόΠεॲཧೳྗʣͷॲཧೳྗʹ΋ґଘ • sub-6 (6GHzଳɺϛϦ೾Ͱ͸ͳ͍ํ)Λ࣮ࡍʹௐࠪ • ෺ཧʢ඼࣭ɾbitrateʣɺফඅిྔɺE2E (APP/NW/Protocol/RADIO) https://hameefun.jp/how-to/5710
7. 1. Introduction (·ͱΊ) • ௐࠪͷࢹ఺ • ݮਰ/ਁಁଛࣦʢ4GΑΓ΋प೾਺ߴ͍ʣɾE2Eͷεϧʔϓοτͱ஗ԆɾΞϓϦύϑΥʔϚϯεʢ4k&realtimeʣɾফඅిྗ • ΠϯαΠτ·ͱΊ • ԰֎ͷΧόϨοδϗʔϧͱ԰಺Ҡߦ࣌ͷྼԽɾloss/delay@TCP • 1m@Radio, 20m@CoreNW, E2E͸4GͱมΘΒͣɻɻCellؒҠಈ͸4GൺֱͰ3.6ഒ(108.4ms)͔͔Δ • ΞϓϦύϑΥʔϚϯε͸TCP͕ࢧ഑ʢૣ͘ͳΒͳ͍ʣɾcodecॲཧ͕ϘτϧωοΫ • 5GϞδϡʔϧͷిྗফඅ͸2-3ഒɺʢγϛϡϨʔγϣϯͯ͠΋ʣ1ׂఔ౓͔͠࡟ݮͰ͖ͳ͍ • ຊௐࠪͷίϯτϦϏϡʔγϣϯ • ΧόϨοδ࠷దԽɺTCP@5GɺE2EվળɺAR/VR՝୊ɺফඅిྗվળɺௐࠪσʔλɾπʔϧఏڙ
8. 2. Measurement Methodology • ௐࠪΤϦΞͷ5G NWɿେֶͷΩϟϯύεɺ6ج஍ہ@0.5km*0.92kmɺߴ͍ݐ෺ɺथ໦ɺਓͷಈ͖ܹ͍͠ • UE (5G User Equipment)ଆ • ZTE Axon10 Pro (Qualcomm Snapdragon TM855), HUAWEI Mate20 X (Hisilicon Kirin 980) and HUAWEI Mate30 Pro (Mali G76 | Hisilicon Kirin 990) • Ϋϥ΢υଆ • HUAWEI cloud server (8vCPUs | 64GB | Ubuntu 18.04) with 1000 Mbps • ଌఆπʔϧ • ঎༻πʔϧʢXCAL-Mobileʣɿ4G/5G signaling info&෺ཧ૚KPIɺPCʹUSBܨ͍Ͱ֬ೝ • iperf3 @ TCP/UDPɿड৴όοϑΝ͸25MBɺwiresharkͰอଘ͓ͯ͘͠ʢޙͰղੳͰ͖Δʣ • E2E per-hop-latency • ϖʔδϩʔυ࣌ؒͱvideo frameଌఆͰ͖ΔChrome extensionʢ࡞ͬͨʣ • ফඅిྗଌఆπʔϧʢpwrStripɺಛ஫πʔϧʣɿAndroid kernel͔Β100msຖʹ࣌ࠁɾిྲྀɾిѹΛऔಘ • ଌఆ݁Ռ͸2TB (ϊΠζΛআ͍ͯ360GBఔ౓) • πʔϧɾσʔληοτͷҰ෦ https://github.com/piaobozaizai/5G_measurement 3.5GHzଳɺC-plane͸4Gڞ༻ NSA: Non Standalone Architecture
 SA: Standalone Architecture
9. 3. 5G Coverage • ΩϟϯύεΧόϨοδ • UEηοτ͝ͱาߦ଎౓ʢ4-5km/hʣͰҠಈɺ߹ܭ6km • 2-3ηΫλ/Cell, 4G@1.8GHz/20GHz, 5G@3.5GHz/100MHz • 5G gNBͷີ౓ʢ12.99/kmʣ͸௨ৗͷ౎ࢢ෦ʢ10km=667km/7kݸʣ • ΧόϨοδϗʔϧ༗ΓʢϐϯΫ෦෼ʣ • ௨৴։࢝Ͱ͖ͳ͍৔ॴɿ1.7%@4G, 8%@5G, 3.8%@4/5 co-sitting • ηϧΧόϨοδ • Cell lockͯ͠௨৴ͯ͠bit-rateଌఆ • ʢͺͬͱݟͰ΋ʣ౳ߴઢ͡Όͳ͍ɺɺ • Cell͔Β230m@5GͰ੾ΕΔʢ520m@4Gʣ • FoV֎ʢB, Cʣɺݐ෺ׯবʢD, Eʣ γάφϧͷڧ͞ʢฏۉʣͱbit-rate 5G: TDD 4G: FDD
10. 3. 5G Coverage (Cont.) • ԰಺ͱ԰֎ͷΪϟοϓ • FGHIؒͰ50%มԽʢ20%มԽ@4Gʣɺߴप೾Ώ͑ʹɻɻ • ϚΠΫϩηϧͱ૊Έ߹Θ͕ͤྑ͍ʢ300υϧɺgNB=30000υϧʣ • FoV֎ʢB, Cʣɺݐ෺ׯবʢD, Eʣ • ηϧؒϋϯυΦϑ (HO) • ΧόϨοδখ͍͞=OHଟ͍ϋζ • 387ճ(5G/5G)ɺ20ճ (4G/5G) • ඞͣ͠΋ྑ͘ͳΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ʢ25%͸RSRQ͕ѱ͘ͳΔʣʢʁʣ • -> ୯ͳΔ͖͍͠஋൑ผͰ͸μϝ͔΋ɻ • HO଴ͪ࣌ؒ • 5Gѹ౗తʹ஗͍ʢ108ms@5G, 30ms@4G, 80ms@4/5Gʣ • -> 4G C-planeΛ࢖͍ͬͯΔͨΊɻ • 5G͚ͩͰ࡞Ε͹OK (NSA V.S. SA) γάφϧͷڧ͞ʢฏۉʣͱbit- 5G: TDD 4G: FDD
11. 4-1. End-to-End Throughput and Delay (τϥϯεϙʔτ૚) • τϥϯεϙʔτ૚ • UDP • DL: 880Mbps@5G, 130Mbps@4G (x6.7) • ன໷ͷࠩ=ׂ౰Ϧιʔεͷࠩ • -> 5G͸Ϣʔβগͳ͍ͷͰ͕ࠩগͳ͍ͨΊɻ • TCP • Cubic, BBRྑ͍݁Ռ • BBRͷεϩʔελʔτ • Cubicͷ৐ࢉతͳݮਰൃੜɺͭ·Γpacket lossൃੜ • UDPͰLoadΛมԽͤͯ͞ύέϩε཰Λൺֱ • Load൒෼ఔ౓Ͱ΋3.1%ͷύέϩε@5G (4Gͷ10ഒ) Loss-based delay-based Capacity-based
12. 4-2. End-to-End Throughput and Delay (ύϑΥʔϚϯεͷϘτϧωοΫ) • RANͰͷύέϩε͸͠ΐ͏͕ͳ͍ • L2 (MAC/LLCϨΠϠʔ)Ͱగਖ਼ɾ෮چ • ࣮ࡍ5GͰ͸2ճʢ4GͰ΋4ճʣͰ෮چ • 5G RANແࡑ • In-networkόοϑΝʢE2E NW಺ͷόοϑΝᷓΕʣ • όοϑΝ͸5G RAN಺͸(4GൺͰ)5ഒɺgNB to CloudͰ͸2.5ഒɺޙऀ͕ࢧ഑త • DL༰ྔൺͰ5G͸4ഒɻόʔετతʹϩεΔ • ͲΕ͙Β͍όοϑΝ͕ඞཁʁ • ͬ͘͟Γ2ഒඞཁɻSA·Ͱ͸BBRͰ͠ͷ͙ʁ • ୯७ʹόοϑΝ૿΍͢ͱlatency૿Ճɻ͔͠΋4Gʹ΋Өڹ ελϯϑΥʔυϞσϧɿඞཁͳόοϑΝB͸ B= (RTT * C) / √n C: Capacity of NW n: # of concurrent fl ows
13. 4-3. End-to-End Throughput and Delay (HO TCPεϧʔϓοτ) • BBRͰHOͨ͠৔߹ • 407ճHO෼ੳ • 100msͷεϧʔϓοτฏۉ • εϧʔϓοτ௿Լ཰͸5G-5G/5G-4Gѱ͍ • NSAΞʔΩςΫνϟͷݶք
14. 4-4. End-to-End Throughput and Delay (E2E latency) • ֓ཁ • 80ݸͷϥϯμϜύεͷRTTΛଌఆ • 4ͭͷgNB (co-sitting 4G) * શࠃͷ20ݸͷαʔό • 4G, 5G྆ํͰଌఆ • அยԽ๷ࢭͷͨΊɺϖΠϩʔυ͸1Byteݻఆ UDPར༻ • 5Gฏۉ21ms ʢ4Gͷ൒෼ఔ౓ʣ͕ͩɺRealtime VR͸10ms͕ඞཁ • ஗ԆͷݪҼ • 1hop໨͸RANͰແࢹͰ͖Δఔ౓ • 2hop໨ɺgNB͔ΒCoreNW΁͕஗͍ • CoreNWͷॲཧΛgNBʹ࣋ͨͤΔରԠɺfronthual/backhualͷ25GԽ • ஗Ԇͱ෺ཧతͳύε௕ • 100km -> 2500kmͰRTT 5ഒɺฏۉ82ms • 4GൺͰฏۉ22msݮΔ͕ɺύε௕͕௕͍ͱͦͷ͕ࠩݮΔɺ • ༗ઢػثΛߴੑೳʹ͢Δ͔ɺύε௕Λ୹͘͢ΔରԠ https://www.ctc-g.co.jp/report/column/5g_system/vol01.html
15. 5-1. Application Performance (Web Browsing) • Ϋϥ΢υ্ʹwebϖʔδΛ४උ • ϥοϓτοϓͰͷϖʔδϩʔυ࣌ؒʢPLTʣΛଌఆ • ʢDLεϧʔϓοτ͸5ഒ଎͔͕ͬͨɺʣPLT͸4GൺͰ5%ఔ౓͔͠࡟ݮͰ͖ͳ͍ • ϨϯμϦϯά͕࣌ؒେ෦෼Λ઎ΊΔ • TCPεϩʔελʔτʢBBR͕ߴ଎ʹͳΔ·ͰલʹDLऴΘΔʣ • ݱঢ়Ͱ͸όʔετ௨৴ʹ͸ෆ޲͖ɺɺ • εϩʔελʔτͷνϡʔχϯάͰwork around?
16. 5-2. Application Performance (UHD Panoramic Video Telephony) • 4kϏσΦձٞɺULʢ্Γʣ΋༗Γ • UL MaxͰ΋100Mbps ʢଳҬ໰୊ͳ͠ʣɺ5.7Kղ૾౓͸4GଳҬͰ͸଍Γͳ͍ • ࣌ؒมಈ͸ʁ • 5GͰ΋ಈը͕6ճࢭ·Δʢ5G ULଳҬΛ௒͑Δʣ • ಈըϑϨʔϜ஗Ԇ • 4G͸໌Β͔ʹݫ͍͠ɺɺ5GͰ΋950ms, ཧ૝͸460ms • ఻ૹ஗Ԇ஗Ԇ͸ਪఆͰ650ms • H.264 HW Τϯίʔυ: 160ms, σίʔυ: 50ms • ΩϟϓνϟɺϨϯμϦϯάɿ440msʢਪఆʣ • 5GࣗମͷωοτϫʔΫ఻ૹ஗Ԇ͸66msͷ10ഒʂ • εϚʔτϑΥϯͷॲཧੑೳ޲্͕ඞཁɻɻ
17. 6-1. 5G Smartphone Energy Consumption (ϓϩϑΝΠϦϯάฤ) • ZTE Axon10 Pro 5G • Google Chrome/Tencent video player, arrow.io Cloud Game, File downloader • airplaneϞʔυʹͯ͠όοΫάϥ΢ϯυΞϓϦΛ͢΂ͯࢭΊΔ -> ࠷େً౓ʹͯ͠ిྗଌఆ -> ΞϓϦ࣮ߦ • 4G/5GΛී௨ʹ࢖ͬͨͱ͖ͷిྗଌఆ • ಛఆΤϦΞͰRSRPϨϕϧ͕[-80, -60]dBmͷൣғͰଌఆ ʢbitลΓͷిྗ͕มΘΔՄೳੑ͕͋ΔͨΊʣ • ݁Ռ • 5GϞδϡʔϧ͕େ෦෼ʢ55%+ʣΛ઎ΊΔɻ4GͰ͸24-50%ɻͪͳΈʹεΫϦʔϯ͸30%ɻ • SoC͕ͳ͍ͨΊɻݱঢ়͸SoC + 5G modemߏ੒Ͱిྗྑ޷཰͕ѱ͍ • Qualcomm Snapdragon TM855 + SDX 50M 5G modem • iperf3 UDP • 5G͸4Gͷ4ഒͷޮ཰͸ͱͯ΋ྑ͍ • ʢ͕ɺ্Ґ૚ͷϓϩτίϧ͕ϑϧʹ࢖͑Δ+ిྗ؅ཧεΩʔϜ͕ద੾ʹಈ͍ͨ৔߹ʣ
18. 6-2. 5G Smartphone Energy Consumption (5G ిྗ؅ཧฤ) • 5G NSA RRC (Radio Rescue Control) state • RRC_IDLE (no Tx/Rx) • RRC_CONNECTED (on-going Tx/Rx) • RRC_INACTIVE (࠷ޙʹRRC_IDLEʹͳͬͨޙͷঢ়ଶɻ5G SAͰ௥Ճ͞Εͨ) • WebϩʔσΟϯά (reload/3sec, * 10ճ) • 4GൺͰ1.67ഒʢ୹͍όʔετͰ5G׆͔͖͠Εͣʣ • 5GͷtailͷΦʔόʔϔου͕ΑΓ௕͍ • RRC_INACTIVE͕௕͍ʢ͙͢ʹ෮ؼͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹʣ = τϨʔυΦϑ
19. 6-3. 5G Smartphone Energy Consumption (࠷దԽฤ) • τϥϑΟοΫڧ౓͕ߴ·ͬͨΒʢ4Gݶքͷ100Mbpsʣɺ5Gʹ੾Γସ͑Δ࡞ઓ (Dyn. switch) • ݱঢ়ͷUEͰ͸εΠονϯάAPIެ։͞Ε͓ͯΒͣɺγϛϡϨʔγϣϯͰ4ύλʔϯ • طଘͷߏ੒ʢ4G, 5Gʣ • ideal: ঢ়ଶભҠ͕׬શͷ৔߹ • 100Mbps௒͑ͨΒ5G • NR OracleΑΓ΋ྑ͍৔߹΋ɻ • 13%ݮ -> 24%ݮ • MPTCPͰ4G/5Gڞଘͤ͞Δͷ΋ྑ͍͔΋ʁ طଘ طଘ ideal ࠓճ෼ 24% down!
20. 7. Related Work • MEC (Mobile Edge Computing) • E2Eͷύεʹ໰୊͕༗Δ • ্ͷόοϑΝ͕଍Γͳ͍ɺͦ΋ͦ΋෺ཧతʹ௕͍ • Τοδʢج஍ہʣͰ௨৴Λฦͤ͹ྑ͍ʁ • 4kಈը΍AR/VRΛΦϑϩʔυͰ͖Δ • ԕִૢ࡞ɺϏσΦձٞʹ͸࢖͑ͳ͍ • 5GΤοδͱͦΕҎ֎ͷॴʢ༗ઢɺ্Ґ૚ϓϩτίϧʣ͕ಉ࣌ਐԽ͕ඞཁ https://businessnetwork.jp/Detail/tabid/65/artid/7053/Default.aspx
21. 8. Conclusion • ࠷ॳͷ঎༻5GͰຊ֨తͳE2Eଌఆݚڀ • ΧόϨοδ • E2Eεϧʔϓοτɾ஗Ԇ • ΞϓϦͷύϑΥʔϚϯε • ిྗফඅ • ՝୊ • ͙͢ʹղܾͰ͖ͦ͏ͳ΋ͷʢϓϩτίϧվળɺϦιʔεϓϩϏδϣχϯάʣ • ࣌ؒͷ͔͔Γͦ͏ͳ΋ͷʢϨΨγʔΠϯϑϥ͔Βͷ୤٫΍ిྗফඅʣ
22. ࢀߟ • ԰֎ܕLTEແઢج஍ہ૷ஔ (eNodeB) • https://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/JP/archive/imgjp/jmag/vol62-4/ paper11.pdf • ΤοδίϯϐϡʔςΟϯά(MEC) - 5G-MiEdge • https://5g-miedge.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/IEICE_KDDI- Research_Control-method-for-resource-utilization-of-edge-computing- in-5G.pdf
23. EOP