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REST - Valtech
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Mårten Gustafson
March 09, 2012
Programming
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360
REST - Valtech
Presentation on REST given at Valtech Stockholm.
Approx 60 minutes.
Mårten Gustafson
March 09, 2012
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Transcript
Hi! My name is Mårten Gustafson
I used to work here...
...now I work here... (and I brought give-away readers)
Representational State Transfer
Representational State Transfer
REST
RESTful
HTTP
means of INTEGRATING disparate stuff
(my DARK and shameful PAST) * 4 years of: **
IBM WebSphere ** ESB ** SOAP/WSDL ** Enterprisey * REST vs SOAP vs HTTP vs JMS vs WMQ vs PUB/SUB vs EDA vs HA vs D/R
INTEGRATIONs
APIs
INTERFACEs
UNIFORM * REST defines a uniform interface * As opposed
to SOAP, CORBA, etc
GET PUT POST DELETE - list all foo - 501
- create a new foo - 501 a/b/c/foo
GET PUT POST DELETE - details of {id} - update
the {id} - 501 - delete the {id} a/b/c/foo/{id}
VERBs
(OPTIONS) * not common (yet) * mention: pre-flight
GET * retrieve
HEAD * retrieve without content (ie metadata)
POST * create (without known id) or update (with/without -
unsafe)
PUT * update or create with known id (idempotent)
DELETE * remove
(TRACE) * ?
(CONNECT) * ?
IDEMPOTENT * Without side effects * Fine to call multiple
times
safe idempotent unsafe OPTIONS X (x) GET X (x) HEAD
X (x) POST X PUT X X DELETE X X TRACE X (x) CONNECT
DEVELOPing
WELL BEHAVED * be well behaved * read up on
HTTP/1.1
ETag * The most overlooked HTTP header in API design?
Allows concurrency control * if-match: “<etag>” * if-none-match: “<etag>” * 304 not modified * version number
VARY * Tell clients/caches which headers that forms the response
(ie what’s the cache-combo) * ie: Vary: Accept ( /foo/bar vs /foo/bar : XML vs JSON)
CACHE-CONTROL * age * no-cache * no-store
EXPIRES * Expire any cached copies after...
BENEFITs
CLIENTS PROXIES SERVERS LOAD BALANCERS * will all understand and
act accordingly * in addition cool modern software does HTTP/REST out-of-the-box (CouchDB, Riak)
PLANNING
URLs * What will your URL scheme look like *
How will it evolve * Identify natural points of extension/evolution
DNS * This is part of your URL * Think
about partitioning (subdomains) * Think about future transition, separation, isolation * Does Wildcard DNS make sense to you?
SECURITY * HTTPS + basic auth (one stop shop) *
API auth (client certificates, OAuth) * SSL cookies
VERSIONING * This is the hard part
http://api.foo/v1/bar application/xml + easy (ie browser compatible)
http://api.foo/v1/bar application/xml - URL changes with version - Breaks the
URL = resource REST thingy
http://api.foo/bar application/vnd.bar-v1+xml - hard (ie NOT browser compatible)
http://api.foo/bar application/vnd.bar-v1+xml + version is independent of URL
application/vnd.foo-v1+xml application/vnd.foo-v2+xml * Vary: “Accept”
REPRESENTATION
http://api.foo/bar application/xml + easy (ie browser compatible)
http://api.foo/bar.xml + even easier (ie really browser compatible) - more
info in URL
http://api.foo/bar application/vnd.bar-v1+xml
http://api.foo/bar application/vnd.bar-v1+xml + representation is independent of URL
USABILITY
PROXIES
http://api.foo/v1/bar.xml
http://api.foo/v1/bar.xml
http://api.foo/v1/bar.xml http://api.foo/bar
http://api.foo/v1/bar.xml http://api.foo/bar application/vnd.bar-v1+xml
http://api.foo/v1/bar.xml http://api.foo/bar application/vnd.bar-v1+xml
http://api.foo/v1/bar.xml http://api.foo/bar application/vnd.bar-v1+xml
HATEOAS
WAT?!
LINKs * State transitions
MIMEs * Representations
LINK + MIME
CONTRACTS * What do we promise our clients? * Read
these: - http://martinfowler.com/bliki/TolerantReader.html - http://martinfowler.com/articles/consumerDrivenContracts.html
SERIALIZED FORM + Easy programming (initially, typed proxies) - Rigid
(will not bend, will break)
SCHEMAS * Good for automated testing * If you give
them away, assume people will generate proxies (and depend on serialized form) * Consider not providing any (or model them loose, xs:any etc - I’m not sure it’s a good idea)
GUARANTEES * Fields annotated with “#userid” will have the following
form * Attributes named “email” will conform standard X * This document contains one, and only one field annotated “#id”, which is the unique id for Y
ROBUSTNESS
<user> <id>1234</id> <name> <first>Mårten</first> <last>Gustafson</last> </name> </user> * XPath
<user> <id>1234</id> <name> <first>Mårten</first> <last>Gustafson</last> </name> </user> /user/name/last * Rigid
<user> <id>1234</id> <name> <first>Mårten</first> <last>Gustafson</last> </name> </user> //last * Adaptive
* Might return multiple
<user> <id>1234</id> <name> <first>Mårten</first> <last>Gustafson</last> </name> </user> //last[1] * Adaptive
* Only one
<user> <id>1234</id> <name> <first id=”#name.first”>Mårten</first> <last id=”#name.last”>Gustafson</last> </name> </user> *
Annotated
<user> <id>1234</id> <name> <first id=”#name.first”>Mårten</first> <last id=”#name.last”>Gustafson</last> </name> </user> //last[1]
* Still works
<user> <id>1234</id> <name> <first id=”#name.first”>Mårten</first> <last id=”#name.last”>Gustafson</last> </name> </user> //*[@id='#name.last'][1]
* Adaptive
<user> <id>1234</id> <first id=”#name.first”>Mårten</first> <last id=”#name.last”>Gustafson</last> </user> //*[@id='#name.last'][1] * Still
works
<named> <first id="#name.first">Mårten</first> <last id="#name.last">Gustafson</last> </named> //*[@id='#name.last'][1] * Still works
<yeah> <foo id="#name.first">Mårten</foo> <bar id="#name.last">Gustafson</bar> </yeah> //*[@id='#name.last'][1] * Still works
INFORMATION MODELLING * This is hard, usually “versioning hard”
#name.first * Format * Values * Guarantees
URL DNS MIME LINKS PROXY
URL DNS MIME LINKS =CONTRACT
?
@martengustafson
[email protected]
http://marten.gustafson.pp.se/talks * Representations