Electrifying Heat: Patterns of electricity consumption in electrically heated households in the UK and New Zealand

Paper presented at ICEERB 2018 (8th International Conference on Energy and Environment of Residential Buildings (ICEERB 2018)), Wellington , New Zealand

Transcript

1. Electrifying Heat Patterns of electricity consumption in electrically heated households in the UK and New Zealand Ben Anderson (@dataknut) – Universities of Southampton & Otago Tom Rushby – University of Southampton Michael Jack – University of Otago
2. The menu • The problem • The solution • But...? • What do we know? • What do we need to do?
3. indicate that the growth of central heating has 90 Babcock, Q and Irving, S, (undated), Energy Performance of Modern Conservatories. London: CIBSE. Chart 21: Final energy consumption and fuel use in domestic buildings, 2011 Space heating 60% Gas 65% Bio-energy and waste 1% Oil 7% Solid fuel 2% Electricity 25% Heat sold 0% Water heating 18% Lighting and appliances 19% Cooking/ catering 3% Source: DECC The (UK) problem Energy for heat Gas for energy Source: DECC (2013) The Future of Heat
4. The (UK) solution Electrify heat – Ground Source HP – Air Source HP Source: DECC (2013) The Future of Heat But H 2 ?
5. But... We might be adding more! – $$ – Dirty Source: Staffell (2018) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.12.037 UK electricity decarbonisation 2009 - 2015 UK electricity generation 2009 vs 2015
6. The menu • The problem – Emissions and heat • The solution – Electrifying heat (& decarbonising electricity) • But – What might this do to ‘peak electricity’ demand? • What do we know? • What do we need to do?
7. ‘Electric Heat’ in use: Data • South East England – Stratified random sample – N ~= 4000 households – http://www.energy.soton.ac.uk/save-data-sources/ • New Plymouth/Hawkes Bay – Convenience sample – N ~= 40 households – https://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-853334 Monitoring Data cloud Analysts • W every 10s • Wh every 15 min • W every 60s
8. ‘Electric Heat’ in use No survey (not plotted) 906 households Gas 2,902 • 89.6% Oil, wood, solid fuels 171 • 5.3% Electricity: storage heaters 149 • 4.6% Electricity: heat pump 18 • 0.7%
9. ‘Electric Heat’ in use: Seasons • South East England • N = 3,240 • New Plymouth/Hawke’s Bay • N = 27
10. ‘Electric Heat’ in use: N people nPeople UK - storage UK – heat pumps NZ 1 40 5 2 2 50 8 4 3 27 2 8 4+ 32 3 12
11. ‘Electric Heat’ in use: Children Children UK - storage UK – heat pumps NZ 0 104 15 19 1+ 45 3 7 4
12. ‘Electric Heat’ in use: Work Employment UK - storage UK – heat pumps F/T Employment 49 5 P/T employment 23 3 Retired 41 7 Self-employed 9 3 Other 21 - Unemployed 6 - 4
13. The menu • The problem – Emissions and heat • The solution – Electrifying heat (& decarbonising electricity) • But – What might this do to ‘peak electricity’ demand? • What do we know? – Not a lot... • What do we need to do? But the peak(s) will get peakier
14. What do we need? • More data! – Bigger samples (* 10) – Representative samples – Comfort (heat/cool) habits • Real usage patterns – Messy humans not tidy simulations • Thank you! – @dataknut – b.anderson@soton.ac.uk / ben.anderson@otago.ac.nz $$$ Only 170 households