Virtually Instructional

Virtually Instructional
Lennart Fridén
| |
codecoupled.org @DevLCSC github.com/DevL
ElixirConf 2015, Austin, TX

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Hello ElixirConf
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Erlang assembly excerpt
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Generic BEAM instructions
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Instruction transformations
Generic Transformed
(27) -m_plus/4 i_increment
(57) is_tuple/2
(58) test_arity/3
is_tuple_of_arity

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Hello ElixirConf (disassembled)
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Register?
A tiny sliver of memory built into a CPU.
Tiny. But very, very fast to access.

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Register-based machine
BEAM, Parrot (Perl 6 et al), Dalvik (Android), Lua

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Stack-based machine
JAM (Joe's Abstract Machine), JVM (Java Virtual Machine), Forth

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Let's pick apart some Java
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Stack-based vs register-based
+ Easier to implement
+ Simpler compilers
+ Simpler interpreters
+ More compact bytecode
+ Minimal CPU state
– Potentially increased memory access
– No virtual registers to map to real ones
Trades performance for ease of implementation

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Virtual Machine Showdown: Stack versus Registers
Yunhe Shi
https://www.scss.tcd.ie/publications/tech-reports/reports.07/TCD-CS-2007-49.pdf

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Code threading
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Multiple clauses, guards, floats
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Multiple clauses, guards, floats (disassembled)
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0
0
1
5
7
4
C
C
9
0
: f
m
o
v
e
_
l
d f
r
(
0
) x
(
0
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
C
A
8
: r
e
t
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n
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
C
B
0
: m
o
v
e
_
r
e
t
u
r
n
_
c
r b
a
t
m
a
n x
(
0
)

View Slide

BEAM registers
Register Purpose In code
R0 - R255 general purpose x(n)
FR0 - FR15 floating-point operations fr(n)
tmpA, tmpB temporary not visible
stack slots local variables y(n)

View Slide

Parrot registers
Register Purpose
I native integer type
N floating-point numbers
S strings
P PMC (Polymorphic Container)

View Slide

Function with receive block
d
e
f i
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m
m
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c
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{
:
p
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, s
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} -
> s
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, :
p
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> :
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d
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m
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n
i
c
a
d
o
e
n
d

View Slide

Function with receive block (disassembled)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
A
9
C
1
4
6
8
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0
: i
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(
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x
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x
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2
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0
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(
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C
1
5
6
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(
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(
0
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1
A
9
C
1
5
6
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(
0
) x
(
0
)
0
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0
0
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0
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1
A
9
C
1
5
5
8
: w
a
i
t
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f f
(
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
A
9
C
1
4
A
0
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
A
9
C
1
5
6
8
: i
_
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f
P '
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l
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x
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r
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V
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y
'
:
i
n
c
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m
m
u
n
i
c
a
d
o
/
0 0

View Slide

VM-specific instructions

View Slide

VM Instructions
BEAM message handling (send, remove message)
type checks (is_integer, is_tuple)
Parrot trigonemetrics (sin, cos, atan)
(Dynamically loaded if requested)
JVM multianewarray (allocate a multi-dimensional
array)

View Slide

3 lines of Elixir...
d
e
f i
n
t
r
a
c
t
a
b
l
e
(
{
x
, y
}
) d
o
"
T
h
e a
f
t
e
r
p
a
r
t
y w
i
l
l b
e a
t #
{
x
}
, #
{
y
}
.
"
e
n
d

View Slide

...becomes 31 instructions...
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
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1
0
: i
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
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3
8
: i
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(
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1
5
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4
C
E
1
0
) x
(
0
) 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
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5
0
: a
l
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0
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0
0
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0
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(
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(
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0
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5
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4
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8
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(
1
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0
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0
0
1
5
7
4
C
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8
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(
0
0
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0
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1
5
7
4
C
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B
8
) x
(
1
)
0
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5
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4
C
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A
0
: m
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(
0
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1
5
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4
C
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D
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) x
(
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0
0
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0
0
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1
5
7
4
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8
: m
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x
r x
(
1
) x
(
0
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
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C
8
: i
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0
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1
5
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4
C
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D
8
: m
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r
y x
(
0
) y
(
0
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
E
8
: i
s
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b
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n
a
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y
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f
y f
(
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
F
1
8
) y
(
1
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
F
0
0
: m
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(
0
0
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1
5
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4
C
F
4
8
) y
(
1
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
F
1
8
: m
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y
r y
(
1
) x
(
0
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
F
2
8
: i
n
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(
1
)
0
0
0
0
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0
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1
5
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4
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8
: i
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1
0
0
0
0
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1
5
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4
C
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4
8
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1
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4
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8
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(
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
) 3
4
8
9
2
9
2
7
1 x
(
0
) 2 x
(
2
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
F
8
8
: i
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x
x x
(
1
) x
(
2
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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1
5
7
4
C
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9
8
: i
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b
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a
d
d
_
j
I
d j
(
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
) 1 x
(
1
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
F
B
8
: i
_
g
c
_
b
i
f
1
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j
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s
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(
0
0
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0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
) 3
4
8
9
2
9
2
7
1 y
(
0
) 2 x
(
2
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
F
E
8
: i
_
f
e
t
c
h
_
x
x x
(
1
) x
(
2
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
F
F
8
: i
_
b
s
_
a
d
d
_
j
I
d j
(
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
) 1 x
(
1
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
D
0
1
8
: i
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f
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c
h
_
x
c x
(
1
) 2
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
D
0
3
0
: i
_
b
s
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a
d
d
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(
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
) 1 x
(
1
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
D
0
5
0
: i
_
b
s
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n
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t
_
f
a
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l
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x
j
I
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(
1
) j
(
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
) 1 x
(
1
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
D
0
7
8
: b
s
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p
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t
_
s
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r
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n
g
_
I
I 2
6 3
5
9
9
7
7
9
3
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
D
0
9
0
: i
_
n
e
w
_
b
s
_
p
u
t
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b
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n
a
r
y
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a
l
l
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(
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
) y
(
0
) 8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
D
0
B
0
: b
s
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p
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t
r
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_
I
I 2 3
5
9
9
7
7
9
6
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
D
0
C
8
: i
_
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(
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
) x
(
0
) 8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
D
0
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8
: b
s
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p
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t
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s
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r
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I 1 3
5
9
9
7
7
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0
0
0
0
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1
5
7
4
D
1
0
0
: m
o
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x
r
Q x
(
1
) x
(
0
) 2

View Slide

...and up to 4 function calls.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
1
0
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
3
8
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
5
0
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
6
0
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
7
8
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
8
8
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
A
0
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
B
8
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
C
8
: i
_
c
a
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x
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.
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.
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:
t
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/
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
D
8
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
E
E
8
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
F
0
0
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
F
1
8
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
7
4
C
F
2
8
:
0
0
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View Slide

...or Erlang
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Yes, disassemble the function that disassemble functions and study it.

View Slide

That's your idea of fun?

View Slide

"Reasonable" assumptions
1. The Erlang/OTP team will be around forever.
2. They will always be eager to work on things that
matter to Elixir.

View Slide

A few possibilities
Contribute to the core of Erlang/OTP.
Ensure the BEAM's future by spreading the knowledge.
Ensure Elixir's future by implementing alternative,
compatible VM:s.

View Slide

You've been virtually instructed by
Lennart Fridén
| |
codecoupled.org @DevLCSC github.com/DevL
ElixirConf 2015, Austin, TX

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Virtually Instructional

Virtually Instructional

Lennart Fridén

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