Play with ruby threads

Transcript

1. Play with Ruby Threads
   

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2. Ruby Program
   Fetch URL A
   Fetch URL B
   End Program
   

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3. Ruby Program
   Fetch URL A Fetch URL B
   End Program
   

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4. require 'net/http'
   !
   t1 = Thread.new {
   !
   content = Net::HTTP.get(URI.parse("http://google.com"))
   puts "I just fetched google.com"
   }
   !
   t2 = Thread.new {
   !
   content = Net::HTTP.get(URI.parse("http://github.com"))
   puts "I just fetched github.com"
   }
   !
   t1.join && t2.join
   puts "I've finished executing everything"
   

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5. › time ruby threads.rb!
   I just fetched google.com!
   I just fetched github.com!
   I've finished executing everything!
   ruby threads.rb 0.13s user 0.06s system 40% cpu 0.450 total
   

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6. require 'net/http'
   !
   content = Net::HTTP.get(URI.parse("http://google.com"))
   puts "I just fetched google.com"
   !
   content = Net::HTTP.get(URI.parse("http://github.com"))
   puts "I just fetched github.com"
   !
   puts "I've finished executing everything"
   

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7. time ruby no_threads.rb!
   I just fetched google.com!
   I just fetched github.com!
   I've finished executing everything!
   ruby no_thread.rb 0.12s user 0.06s system 6% cpu 2.698 total
   

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8. 2.698
   0.450
   5.99
   

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9. Lifecycle of a thread
   

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10. Thread.new
    • Thread.new { … }!
    • Thread.fork { … }!
    • Thread.start(1, 2) { |x, y| … }
    

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11. Thread#join
    thread = Thread.new { sleep 3 }
    thread.join
    

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12. Thread#value
    thread = Thread.new do
    400 + 5
    end
    puts thread.value #=> 405
    

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13. Thread#status
    thread = Thread.new do
    Thread.current.status #=> 'run'
    2 * 3
    end
    puts thread.status #=> 'run'
    thread.join
    puts thread.status #=> false
    

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14. Thread#stop
    thread = Thread.new do
    Thread.stop
    puts 'Hello there'
    end
    !
    # wait for the thread to trigger its stop
    nil until thread.status == 'sleep'
    thread.wakeup
    thread.join
    

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15. Thread Safety
    

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16. Non-deterministic
    context switching
    • In order to provide fair access, the thread
    scheduler can pause a thread at any time
    

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17. Non-deterministic
    context switching
    class Post
    !
    def comments
    @comments ||= []
    end
    end
    

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18. Non-deterministic
    context switching
    class Post
    !
    def comments
    if @comments.nil?
    temp = []
    @comments = temp
    end
    end
    end
    

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19. Non-deterministic
    context switching
    class Post
    def initialize
    @comments_mutex = Mutex.new
    end
    !
    def comments
    @comments_mutex.synchronize do
    @comments ||= []
    end
    end
    end
    

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20. MRI’s GIL
    MRI has something called a global interpreter lock (GIL).!
    It's a lock around the execution of Ruby code.!
    This means that in a multi-threaded context, only one thread
    can execute Ruby code at any one time.
    

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21. MRI’s GIL
    So if you have 8 threads busily working on a 8-core machine,
    only one thread and one core will be busy at any given time.!
    The GIL exists to protect Ruby internals from race conditions
    that could corrupt data.!
    There are caveats and optimizations, but this is the gist.
    

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22. How many threads
    should I use?
    • Is your program IO or CPU bound?!
    • IO Bound will allow a lot of threads!
    • CPU Bound will depend of the number of cores!
    • The only way is to measure
    

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23. Resources
    

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24. http://ruby-doc.org/
    core-2.1.0/Thread.html
    

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26. http://bit.ly/ruby-threads
    

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