The Human Body

Transcript

1. Colegio San Patricio High School Ecology The Human Body Marcelo

   Fernández - Raúl González - Enrique Mireles - Marcelo Posada 10C

2. During this presentation we will mention some of the different

   components and structures of the human body (levels of organization), feedback inhibition, nutrition, and finally, how our body defends against a wide variety of infectious diseases. Introduction

3. The human body is an efficient machine. Levels of Organization

   in the Human Body

4. Levels of Organization The levels of organization in the body

   include: cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. These parts of the body work together to carry out the major body functions.

5. Cells They are the basic unit of structure and function

   in living things. Some of the cells become specialized, for example: bone cells, blood cells, and muscle cells.

6. Tissues A tissue is a group of cells that perform

   a single function.

7. Epilethal Tissue Involves the protection, absorption, and excretion of materials.

   Locations: skin, lining of digestive system, certain glands.

8. Connective Tissue Binds epithelial tissue to structures, supports, and transports

   substances. Locations: Under skin, surrounding organs, blood, bones.

9. Nervous Tissue Receives and transmits nerve impulses. Locations: the brain,

   spinal cord, and nerves.

10. Muscle Tissue It’s responsible for voluntary and involuntary movement. Locations:

    skeletal muscles, muscles surrounding digestive tract and blood vessels, and the heart.

11. Organs A group of different types of tissues that work

    together to perform a single function or several related functions. Examples: heart, eyes, brain, lungs, kidneys, etc…

12. Organ Systems An organ system is a group of organs

    that perform closely related functions. Example: nervous system, circulatory system, skeletal system, etc...

13. Organ Systems Nervous System Integumentary Sys. Immune System

14. Organ Systems Muscular System Circulatory System Skeletal System

15. Organ Systems Respiratory System Digestive System Excretory System

16. Organ Systems Endocrine System Reproductive System

17. The human body maintains homeostasis. Feedback Inhibition

18. What is Homeostasis? An organism’s ability to maintain its internal

    condition relatively stable regardless of the environment's conditions. An example of homeostasis involves the regulation of the body’s temperature regardless of the environment’s temperature.

19. What is Feedback Inhibition? Often homeostasis is maintained through feedback

    inhibition. Feedback inhibition or negative feedback is the process in which a stimulus produces a response that is opposite to the original stimulus.

20. Feedback Inhibition: Cold Weather When our internal temperature is below

    37°C, the hypothalamus releases chemicals that tell the cells to speed up their reactions in order to rise body temperature. Also, the hypothalamus signals muscles to contract, which releases heat. As the body’s temperature rises, the body returns to it’s original stable range in order to maintain homeostasis.

21. Feedback Inhibition: Hot Weather If the body’s temperature is above

    37ºC, the hypothalamus slows down cellular activities to reduce heat production. Another method to reduce the body’s temperature involves sweat, because when sweat evaporates it cools the body’s surface. As the body’s temperature lowers down, its cooling mechanisms stop in order to maintain homeostasis.

22. Food Pyramid What nutrients are we receiving?

23. Group Proteins CHOs Fats Vitamins Minerals Water Fruits Vegetables Oils

    Meat and Beans Grains Milk 2% 17% 10% Vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, C, D, E, K Ca, Cu, I, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, K, Se, Na, Zn 86% 3% 24% 6% Vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, C, D, E, K Ca, Cu, I, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, K, Se, Na, Zn 91% 0% 0% 100% Vitamin A, D, E, K, B6, B12 - 0% 24% 1% 62% Vitamins A, B, D Ca, Fe, Mg 66% 40% 13% 10% Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B9 Mn, Fe, Se 0% 20% 14% 8% Vitamin A, D, B6, C, B12 Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, P 87% Food Pyramid: Analysis

24. Defenses agains Infectious Diseases How do we defend against pathogens?

25. None

26. We discovered that every single thing that we have on

    our body has a specific role in order to maintain the correct functioning of the human body, but for that correct functioning, we found that it’s very important to obtain the correct and necessary nutrients. The human body is a prefect machine and it’s very important to know how it’s organized and what we can do to be healthier. Conclusion

27. Health Alternatives (n/a). Nut seed nutrition chart Retrieved the 12th

    February, from: http://www.health-alternatives.com/nut-seed-nutrition-chart.html Livestrong (n/a). Vitamins in grains Retrieved the 12th February, from: http://www.livestrong.com/article/299366-vitamins-in-grains/ Health Alternatives (n/a). Nutrition Chart: Vitamins Retrieved the 12th February, from: http://www.health-alternatives.com/vitamins-nutrition-chart.html Health Alternatives (n/a). Nutrition Chart: Minerals Retrieved the 12th February, from: http://www.health-alternatives.com/minerals-nutrition-chart.html USDA (n/a). Water in Meats Retrieved the 12th February, from: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/FACTSheets/Water_in_Meats/index.asp Havemilk (n/a). Milk contents Retrieved the 12th February, from: http://www.havemilk.com/article.asp?id=6797 Weight Loss for All (n/a). Proteins in Meat Retrieved the 12th February, from: http://www.weightlossforall.com/protein-meat.htm Muscle Hack (n/a). What fruit can i eat on a low carb diet? Retrieved the 12th February, from: http://www.musclehack.com/what-fruit-can-i-eat-on-a-low-carb-diet/ n/a (n/a). Low carbohydrates and calories of your favorite fruits and vegetables Retrieved the 12th February, from: http://blissreturned.wordpress.com/2012/02/06/fruits-and-vegetables-list-of-low- carbohydrates-and-calories-of-your-favorite-fruits-and-vegetable/ Immune Web (n/a). Grains Retrieved the 12th February, from: http://www.immuneweb.org/lowcarb/food/grains.html