操作履歴/時点指定アクセスの実現 - BiTemporal Data Model の実践 / Implementing command history and temporal access

3BJMT%FWFMPQFS.FFUVQ!0SBDMF$PSQPSBUJPO+BQBO ૢ࡞ཤྺ࣌఺ࢦఆΞΫηεͷ࣮ݱ  #J5FNQPSBM%BUB.PEFMͷ࣮ફ 4BU G 4NBSU)3ΤϯδχΞ CONFIDENTIAL

ࣗݾ঺հ CONFIDENTIAL

!G גࣜձࣾ4NBSU)3ॴଐ ΤϯδχΞ ೥݄ೖࣾ 4NBSU)3ίΞػೳͷอकɾ֦ுΛ୲౰ CONFIDENTIAL

ࣾձอݥ౳ͷॻྨΛ ࣗಈ࡞੒ ैۀһ৘ใΛ σʔλϕʔεԽ ໾ॴ΁γʔϜϨεʹ ΦϯϥΠϯਃ੥ ਓࣄ৘ใΛ Χϯλϯʹऩू ˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔˔˔˔˔
˔˔˔˔˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔ ˔˔˔˔˔˔˔˔ 4NBSU)3͸ɺਓࣄɾ࿑຿ʹؔ͢Δखଓ͖ͷ ࣗಈԽΛ໨ࢦ͢Ϋϥ΢υܕιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ͢ɻ

ߦ੓΁ͷ ిࢠਃ੥ څ༩໌ࡉ ޏ༻ܖ໿ॻ ैۀһ%# εϚϗͰ ೥຤ௐ੔ ࣾձอݥ ޏ༻อݥ ਓࣄɾ࿑຿Λ෯޿͘Χόʔʢࠓޙ΋֦େ͍͖ͯ͠·͢ʣ
/FX

ࠓޙͷํ਑ ݱࡏ ਓࣄ޲͚ 4BB4 ސ٬ج൫ ʢਓࣄɾैۀһʣ ਓࣄ%# ʢձࣾɾݸਓʣ ஷ·Δࢿ࢈ কདྷ
Ξοϓηϧ ϓϩμΫτ ϓϥοτ ϑΥʔϜԽ ۚ༥঎඼ ʢ'JO5FDIʣ কདྷ

ࠓޙͷํ਑ ݱࡏ ਓࣄ޲͚ 4BB4 ސ٬ج൫ ʢਓࣄɾैۀһʣ ਓࣄ%# ʢձࣾɾݸਓʣ ஷ·Δࢿ࢈ কདྷ
Ξοϓηϧ ϓϩμΫτ ϓϥοτ ϑΥʔϜԽ ۚ༥঎඼ ʢ'JO5FDIʣ কདྷ ຊ೔ͷ࿩୊

ਓࣄ%# ब৬ ݁ࠗ ग़࢈ ҟಈ

4NBSU)3Ͱ͸ʜʜ  ɾϥΠϑΠϕϯτͰมߋ͕ൃੜ ɹɾೖࣾɺୀࣾɺҾͬӽ͠ɺ݁ࠗɺग़࢈ͳͲ ɾݸਓ৘ใͷ͔ͨ·Γ ɹɾࢯ໊ɺॅॴɺ೥ۚ੔ཧ൪߸ͳͲ มભ͢ΔσʔλͷτϨʔαϏϦςΟͷ֬อ͕ඞཁ ਓࣄ%#

มભ͢ΔσʔλͷཤྺΛ࢒͍ͨ͠ ࢸߴͷਓࣄ%#ΛٻΊͯʜʜ ཤྺ͕࢒ͤΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨΒʜ ɾ͋Δ࣌఺ͰͷσʔλΛҰཡ͍ͨ͠ ɹࣾһ਺ɺੈ୅ߏ੒ɺஉঁൺͳͲͷ෼ੳ ɾաڈͷ৘ใΛߋ৽͍ͨ͠ ɹͦͯ͠ʮߋ৽ͨ͠ʯͱ͍͏৘ใ΋࢒ͬͯ΄͍͠

4NBSU)3ຊମ ʹ3VCZPO3BJMTͷ ɹϞϊϦγοΫΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ "DUJWF3FDPSEͰͳΜͱ͔͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ 4NBSU)3͸3P3ͰͰ͖͍ͯ·͢

CONFIDENTIAL 3VCZPO3BJMT  ☓  ཤྺ

# db/migrate/*.rb class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2] def change create_table :users
do |t| t.string :name t.string :email t.timestamps end end end 3VCZPO3BJMTσϑΥϧτ

# db/schema.rb  create_table "users", force: :cascade do |t| t.string "name"
t.string "email" t.datetime "created_at", null: false t.datetime "updated_at", null: false end 3VCZPO3BJMTσϑΥϧτ

UUJNFTUBNQT ɹDSFBUFE@BU VQEBUFE@BU͕࡞ΒΕΔ ෺ཧ࡟আ 3VCZPO3BJMTσϑΥϧτ

ෳ਺ճߋ৽͞ΕΔͱɺ࠷৽ͷߋ৽೔෇͚͕ͩ ࢒Δ ফ͞Εͨ৘ใ͸੻ܗ΋ͳ͘ͳΔ 3VCZPO3BJMTσϑΥϧτ ͜Ε͚ͩͩͱۀ຿༻݅తʹݫ͍͠ʜ

͍Ζ͍Ζͳख๏͕͋ΔͷͰɺ ͬ͘͟Γͱ঺հ 3BJMT☓ཤྺ

ɾྫQBSBOPJB ɾEFMFUFE@BUΛ௥Ճ ɾ࡟আ࣌ɺEFMFUFE@BU5JNFDVSSFOU ɾݕࡧ࣌ɺ\EFMFUFE@BUOJM^ͳ ɹείʔϓΛ௥Ճ ࿦ཧ࡟আ

૿Ճ͢Δ஋ʢ਺ࣈɺ೔෇ʣΛ֨ೲͰ͖Δ ΧϥϜΛ༻ҙ  ྫWFSTJPO EFMFUFE@BU όʔδϣχϯά ࠷৽ EFMFUFE@BU EFMFUFE@BU EFMFUFE@BU EFMFUFE@BU/6--
WFS WFS WFS WFS

࣮૷ྫ EFMFUFE@BUͷ৔߹ ɾૠೖ ɹಛʹมߋແ͠ ɾ࡟আ ɹ࿦ཧ࡟আ όʔδϣχϯά

࣮૷ྫ EFMFUFE@BUͷ৔߹ ɾߋ৽ ɹݱߦϨίʔυΛ࿦ཧ࡟আ  ɹߋ৽಺༰Λૠೖ ɾࢀর ɹ௨ৗ࿦ཧ࡟আͰͳ͍΋ͷΛݕࡧ ɹաڈͷόʔδϣϯʹΞΫηε࿦ཧ࡟আ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷΛݕࡧ όʔδϣχϯά

<JE ৚݅ΧϥϜ>Ͱ ෳ߹ओΩʔతͳऔѻ͍ʹͳΔ ݱࡏͷ৘ใͱཤྺΛಉҰςʔϒϧͰ ؅ཧ͢ΔͨΊɺ ϢχʔΫ੍໿΍ϦϨʔγϣϯͳͲͰߟྀ͕ඞཁ ࿦ཧ࡟আɺόʔδϣχϯά

ผͷςʔϒϧʹίϐʔ ΍Γ͔ͨ ɾ%#ͷτϦΨʔ ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰߋ৽ɾ࡟আॲཧΛϑοΫ ίϐʔ಺༰ ɾϨίʔυͷશ಺༰ ɾࠩ෼ ཤྺςʔϒϧ

τϦΨʔͰίϐʔ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹมߋ͕͍Βͳ͍ ݱߦσʔλͱࠞ͡Βͳ͍ͷͰѻ͍΍͍͢ ੑೳ໘Ͱ΋ϝϦοτ͋Γ ݱߦσʔλͱཤྺΛࠞͥͯදࣔ͢Δͷ͸໘౗ ɹʢͱ͘ʹؔ࿈ʣ ཤྺςʔϒϧ

ɾྫQBQFS@USBJM BVEJUFE ɾߋ৽಺༰ΛγϦΞϥΠζͯ͠ ɹผςʔϒϧʹૠೖ  ɾࠩ෼Λٯॱʹద༻͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱͰ ɹϩʔϧόοΫ΋ ʢ4NBSU)3Ͱ΋Ҏલ࢖͍ͬͯͨʣ ཤྺςʔϒϧ

ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϩά ɾ%#ͷ1*53 ɾ%#ࣗମͷػೳ ɹ.BSJB%#ʜ4ZTUFNWFSTJPOFE5BCMFT ɹ0SBDMFʜ*O%BUBCBTF"SDIJWJOH ͳͲ ཁ݅΍ίετʹԠͯ͡ݕ౼͕ඞཁ ͦͷଞ

2ɿ͍ͣΕ͔ͷํ๏Ͱ  ɹɹཁ๬Λຬͨͤͦ͏͔ʁ CONFIDENTIAL

̖ɿ๻ͨͪͷٻΊΔ΋ͷʹ͸ ɹɹಧ͔ͳ͔ͬͨ CONFIDENTIAL

มભ͢ΔσʔλͷཤྺΛ࢒͍ͨ͠ ʢ͓͞Β͍ ࢸߴͷਓࣄ%#ΛٻΊͯʜʜ ཤྺ͕࢒ͤΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨΒʜ ɾ͋Δ࣌఺ͰͷσʔλΛҰཡ͍ͨ͠ ɹࣾһ਺ɺੈ୅ߏ੒ɺஉঁൺͳͲͷ෼ੳ ɾաڈͷ৘ใΛߋ৽͍ͨ͠ ɹͦͯ͠ʮߋ৽ͨ͠ʯͱ͍͏৘ใ΋࢒ͬͯ΄͍͠

ͳʹ͔ͳ͍ͷ͔ʜʜ CONFIDENTIAL

ʊਓਓਓਓਓਓਓਓਓਓਓਓʊ ʼɹBiTemporal Data Modelɹʻ ʉY^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^ʉ

CONFIDENTIAL #J5FNQPSBM%BUB.PEFM

CONFIDENTIAL #J5FNQPSBM%BUB.PEFM ͭͷ ࣌ؒతͳ

OPOUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM

OPOUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM %FMFUF *OTFSU 6QEBUF ࠷৽৘ใͷεφοϓγϣοτΛදݱ

OPOUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM ೖࣾ *% ໾৬

OPOUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM *% ໾৬ ˠ෦௕ ෦௕ʹঢ֨

OPOUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM *% OBNF ෦௕ ୀ৬

VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM %FMFUF *OTFSU 6QEBUF ͦͷϨίʔυ͕༗ޮͳ࣌ؒΛ΋ͨͤΔ

VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM *% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ 㱣 ೖࣾ
༗ޮظؒ

VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM ෦௕ʹঢ֨ #FGPSF "GUFS ʿ ʔ ʿ ʔ
෦௕ ࡟আ

VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM *% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ 㱣ˠ ෦௕ʹঢ֨

VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM *% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ 㱣ˠ
෦௕ 㱣 ෦௕ʹঢ֨

VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM ୀࣾ #FGPSF ʿ "GUFS
ʔ ෦௕ ෦௕ ʔ

VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM *% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ
෦௕ 㱣ˠ ୀ৬

Αͦ͞͏ VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM

VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM ʮd͸ʰ܎௕ʱͩͬͨ͜ͱ͕ൃ֮ʯ #FGPSF "GUFS
ʔ ෦௕ ෦௕ ʔ ܎௕

VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM *% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ ˠ
෦௕ ʮdͷظؒ͸ʰ܎௕ʱͩͬͨʯ͜ͱ͕ൃ֮

܎௕ ෦௕ ʮdͷظؒ͸ʰ܎௕ʱͩͬͨʯ͜ͱ͕ൃ֮

܎௕ ෦௕ ʮdͷظؒ͸ʰ܎௕ʱͩͬͨʯ͜ͱ͕ൃ֮ ͱ͍͏৘ใ͕Ͳ͜ʹ΋ͳ͍ʂ

༗ޮظؒͱϨίʔυͷૢ࡞͕࣌ؒಉ͡Ͱ͋Ε͹ ໰୊ͳ͍͕ɺաڈͷཤྺૢ࡞͕ൃੜͯ͘͠Δͱ ༗ޮظؒͱૢ࡞࣌ؒ͸͹Β͹ΒʹͳΔɻ ઌఔͷྫͰ͸ʮ༗ޮظ͕ؒมߋ͞Εͨʯͱ͍͏ه࿥͕ දݱͰ͖͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨɻ VOJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM

ɾ༗ޮظؒ ɾγεςϜతͳ࣌ؒ ͭͷ࣌ؒ࣠Λผʑʹ؅ཧ͢Δඞཁੑ ˰#J5FNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM

CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM U U

*% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ ௥Ճ ࡟আ 㱣
㱣 ೖࣾ ༗ޮظؒ γεςϜతͳظؒ CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM

CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM ෦௕ʹঢ֨ #FGPSF "GUFS ʿ ʔ ʿ ʔ
ʔ ෦௕ ࡟আ

*% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ ௥Ճ ࡟আ 㱣
㱣ˠ ෦௕ʹঢ֨ CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM

*% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ ௥Ճ ࡟আ 㱣
㱣ˠ 㱣 ෦௕ 㱣㱣 ෦௕ʹঢ֨ CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM

CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM ୀࣾ #FGPSF ʿ "GUFS ࡟আ

*% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ ௥Ճ ࡟আ 㱣
㱣 ෦௕ 㱣㱣ˠ ୀࣾ CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM

*% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ ௥Ճ ࡟আ 㱣
㱣 ෦௕ 㱣㱣ˠ ෦௕ 㱣 ୀࣾ CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM

CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM #FGPSF ʮdͷظؒ͸ʰ܎௕ʱͩͬͨʯ͜ͱ͕ൃ֮ "GUFS

*% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ ௥Ճ ࡟আ 㱣
㱣ˠ ෦௕ 㱣 ෦௕ 㱣 ʮdͷظؒ͸ʰ܎௕ʱͩͬͨʯ͜ͱ͕ൃ֮ CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM

*% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ ௥Ճ ࡟আ 㱣
㱣ˠ 㱣 ՝௕ 㱣 ෦௕ 㱣 ෦௕ 㱣 ʮdͷظؒ͸ʰ܎௕ʱͩͬͨʯ͜ͱ͕ൃ֮ CJUFNQPSBMEBUBNPEFM

Α͘Θ͔Γ·ͨ͠Ͷ CONFIDENTIAL

4NBSU)3ຊମ ʹ3VCZPO3BJMTͷ ɹϞϊϦγοΫΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ "DUJWF3FDPSEͰͳΜͱ͔͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ ͓͞Β͍ɿ4NBSU)3͸3P3ͰͰ͖͍ͯ·͢

CONFIDENTIAL "DUJWF3FDPSE#J5FNQPSBM

࢓૊Έ *% ໾৬ ։࢝ ऴྃ ௥Ճ ࡟আ
㱣㱣 ෦௕ 㱣㱣 JE CJUFNQPSBM@JE QPTJUJPO WBMJE@GSPN WBMJE@UP DSFBUFE@BU EFMFUFE@BU 㱣㱣 ෦௕ 㱣㱣 σʔλϕʔεͰදݱ

࢓૊Έ JE CJUFNQPSBM@JE QPTJUJPO WBMJE@GSPN WBMJE@UP DSFBUFE@BU EFMFUFE@BU
㱣 JEʜ3BJMTඪ४ CJUFNQPSBM@JE  ʜૢ࡞ର৅ΛҰҙʹ͢ΔͨΊͷ*%

࢓૊Έ JE CJUFNQPSBM@JE QPTJUJPO WBMJE@GSPN WBMJE@UP DSFBUFE@BU EFMFUFE@BU
㱣 WBMJE@GSPN WBMJE@UPʜ༗ޮظؒ DSFBUFE@BU EFMFUFE@BUʜγεςϜظؒ

Ϟσϧʹ"3#J5FNQPSBM༻Λ༻ҙ   ./bin/rails generate model User \ name:string \ bitemporal_id:integer
\ valid_from:datetime \ valid_to:datetime \ deleted_at:datetime ར༻ํ๏

࢓૊Έ irb(main):002:0> User.find(1) User Load (0.8ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users"
  WHERE "users"."deleted_at" IS NULL   AND "users"."valid_from" <= '2019-03-10 07:40:32.238952'   AND "users"."valid_to" > '2019-03-10 07:40:32.238952'  AND "users"."bitemporal_id" = $1   LIMIT $2   [["bitemporal_id", 1], ["LIMIT", 1]] ҎԼΛࣗಈతʹ࣮ࢪ  ɾ࡟আ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍͔ͷ൑ఆ ɾ༗ޮ͔Ͳ͏͔ͷ൑ఆ  ɾJEΛCJUFNQPSBM@JEʹಡΈସ͑

ݱ࣌఺ͷσʔλʹΞΫηε͢ΔͨΊͷ ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε͸΄΅௨ৗͷ"DUJWF3FDPSEͱಉ͡ ར༻ํ๏ Company.where(city: 'Tokyo') user = User.find(123) user.destroy

͍͔ͭ͘ͷϝιουΛ௥Ճ ɾWBMJE@BU ར༻ํ๏ # 1೥લͷσʔλʹΞΫηε Company.valid_at(1.year.ago).where(city: 'Tokyo') # ϦϨʔγϣϯ΋ḷΕΔʂ company
= Company.valid_at(1.year.ago).take company.employees # 1೥લͷैۀһ৘ใΛऔಘ

͍͔ͭ͘ͷϝιουΛ௥Ճ ɾJHOPSF@WBMJE@EBUFUJNF ར༻ํ๏ # ͋ΔϢʔβʔͷมߋཤྺΛੜ੒  User.ignore_valid_datetime  .where(bitemporal_id: param[:id]) .order(:valid_from)

CONFIDENTIAL ಋೖ

"3#J5FNQPSBMΛಋೖͯ͠Έ ͯΘ͔ͬͨ͜ͱʜ CONFIDENTIAL

͍Ζ͍ΖͭΒ͍ʂʂʂ CONFIDENTIAL

ͭΒ͍ϙΠϯτʢʣϢχʔΫ੍໿ ༗ޮظؒ͸ॏͳΓ߹Θͳ͍͸͕ͣʜʜ

ͭΒ͍ϙΠϯτʢʣϢχʔΫ੍໿ ॏͳͬͯΔ

<CJUFNQPSBM@JE ༗ޮظؒɺ࡟আϑϥά>Ͱ ϢχʔΫʹͳΔ͸͕ͣɺͳ͔ͥ༗ޮظؒͷ ॏͳΔσʔλ͕ੜ·Εͨ ظؒॏෳνΣοΫ༻ΧελϜόϦσʔγϣ ϯ͸࡞ͬͯ͋ͬͨΜ͚ͩͲʜʜ ͭΒ͍ϙΠϯτʢʣϢχʔΫ੍໿

˰%#ϨϕϧͰ੔߹ੑΛ୲อͨ͠΄͏͕͍͍ ͭΒ͍ϙΠϯτʢʣϢχʔΫ੍໿ -- ॏͳΓνΣοΫ (PostgreSQL) ALTER TABLE users ADD EXCLUDE
USING GIST (bitemporal_id WITH =, tsrange(valid_from, valid_to) WITH &&, COALESCE(deleted_at, '9999-12-31 00:00:00')WITH =);

ɾ%#্ͷओΩʔAJEAͷ·· ɾ࣮ࡍͷΞΫηε࣌͸ ɹ<CJUFNQPSBM@JE ༗ޮظؒ ࡟আϑϥά> ɹෳ߹৚݅ ɾΠϯελϯεʹJE͢ΔͱCJUFNQPSBM@JE͕ฦΔ ͜ΕͰ֓Ͷ໰୊ͳ͍ͷ͕ͩʜʜ ͭΒ͍ϙΠϯτʢʣϓϥΠϚϦʔΩʔ

ੜͷओΩʔΛ಺෦Ͱ࢖͍ͬͯΔ Ұ෦ͷ(FN͕յΕΔ ɹɾBDUT@BT@MJTU BODFTUSZ   ɹɹBDUJWFSFDPSEJNQPSU ˰ϞϯΩʔύον ɹPSఘΊΔʜʜʢ࢖Θͳ͍Α͏मਖ਼ʣ ͭΒ͍ϙΠϯτʢʣϓϥΠϚϦʔΩʔ

࡞੒೔ιʔτɺߋ৽೔ιʔτ  ɾϨίʔυ͕௥Ճ͞ΕΔҰํ ɾաڈʹ͔͞ͷ΅ͬͯσʔλΛมߋͰ͖Δ ௨ৗͷ֓೦่͕յ ˰ཁ݅ʹԠͯ͡దٓௐ੔ ͭΒ͍ϙΠϯτʢʣιʔτ

ɾ҉໧తͳιʔτ ɹGJSTU MBTU͸҉໧తʹ ɹ03%&3#:\QSJNBSZ@LFZ^͍ͯ͠Δ ˰ཁ݅ʹԠͯ͡ௐ੔ ˞3BJMT͔Β͸JNQMJDJU@PSEFS@DPMVNOͰ ɹ੍ޚՄೳ ͭΒ͍ϙΠϯτʢʣιʔτ

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αΫηεʂʂʂ CONFIDENTIAL ʢཤྺ৘ใͷߋ৽ʹ͍ͭͯ͸΋͏গʑ͓଴ͪԼ͍͞ʜʜʣ

CONFIDENTIAL ࠷ޙʹ

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"DUJWF3FDPSE#J5FNQPSBM͸ ຊ೔ΑΓ044Ͱ͢ʂ 13͓଴͓ͪͯ͠Γ·͢ʂʂ

CONFIDENTIAL ͓͠·͍

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操作履歴/時点指定アクセスの実現 - BiTemporal Data Model の実践 / ...

操作履歴/時点指定アクセスの実現 - BiTemporal Data Model の実践 / Implementing command history and temporal access

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