How Trailblazer and Rails Engines can save your Rails monolith application!

rails new foobar is always a green cool field, then it starts to get bigger and bigger, and messy, and ugly!

how can we handle that? usually the rails way give us 3 "boxes" to organize all our code M, V and C... to help organize our architecture we use namespace to isolate and our app become huge, but wait, we can isolate in microservices, many deployments, refactor is now a impossible work! And rails is now a brown messy ugly and boring field, but using trailblazer and components we can save it! \o/

In this talk we are gonna see a real use case where a huge application was split into small components, for authentication, template, entities, financial (all these can be reused into another applications), and these components are organized into layers for developer happiness, the best part, if you wanna go this way you don't need to break up with Rails, you can refactor small pieces, to start grow in a sustainable way and get that green field again :)

Transcript

2. fernandes celsovjf
3. rails new fooooo
9. A visão hermenêutica do desenvolvimento de software; O significado de um projeto de software está indissociavelmente ligado às pessoas que trabalharam no mesmo. Avdi Grimm
13. * Empresa de 5 anos * 2~4 Desenvolvedores * Ruby -> 2010 (com Puppet) * Experimentação!
14. * Precisamos provisionar VMs… * Precisamos realizar cobrança * Precisamos enviar boletos * Precisamos…
15. Collection of Patterns and Tools to increase development speed
16. Collection of Patterns and Tools to increase development speed
17. * Aplicação Multi Tenancy * On Premise * Sistema White Label * Provisionar VMs, e-mails, … * Gerenciar auto scaling, LB…
18. rails new fooooo
31. Model View Controller
32. Model View Controller
33. Model View Controller concerns? concerns?
34. “every rails app with a `concerns` folder is a concern" A Prudent Rails Dev
35. Model View Controller concerns? concerns? helpers!
36. Model View Controller concerns? concerns? helpers! helpers! helpers! helpers! helpers! helpers! helpers! helpers!
37. Model View Controller concerns? concerns? persistance! callbacks! validations! query interface! helpers! helpers! helpers! helpers! helpers! helpers! helpers! helpers!
38. Fat Models, Skinny Controllers
40. 7 Patterns to Refactor Fat ActiveRecord Models Bryan Helmkamp 1. Extract Value Objects 2. Extract Service Objects 3. Extract Form Objects 4. Extract Query Objects 5. Introduce View Objects 6. Extract Policy Objects 7. Extract Decorators
41. “Rails é simples
42. “Rails é simples fácil
43. “Rails é simples fácil todo desenvolvedor Rails
44. “Rails é fácil
45. “Rails é fácil Me permite estruturar aplicações complexas facilmente!
46. “Rails é fácil Me permite estruturar aplicações complexas facilmente! Ninguém
47. “Rails é fácil Me permite estruturar aplicações complexas facilmente! Ninguém! Nunca!
48. The puristic Rails Way isn’t appropriate for projects with a complexity greater than a 5- minute blog. Full stop. Nick Sutterer
50. Model View Controller
51. class  CommentsController  <  AppController      before_filter  :authenticate!      def  create          @comment  =  Comment.new(params)          if  signed_in?              @comment.user  =  current_user          end          unless  @comment.save              notify(@comment)          end          respond_to  do  |format|              format.json  {  render  json:  @comment  }          end      end   end  
52. class  CommentsController  <  AppController      before_filter  :authenticate!      def  create          @comment  =  Comment.new(params)          if  signed_in?              @comment.user  =  current_user          end          unless  @comment.save              notify(@comment)          end          respond_to  do  |format|              format.json  {  render  json:  @comment  }          end      end   end   * * * * *
53. class    before_filter              @comment                      @comment.user                              notify(@comment)                  respond_to              format.json  {  render               end      before_filter  :authenticate!  
54. class    before_filter              @comment                      @comment.user                              notify(@comment)                  respond_to              format.json  {  render               end          @comment  =  Comment.new(params)  
55. class    before_filter              @comment                      @comment.user                              notify(@comment)                  respond_to              format.json  {  render               end          if  signed_in?              @comment.user  =  current_user          end  
56. class    before_filter              @comment                      @comment.user                              notify(@comment)                  respond_to              format.json  {  render               end          unless  @comment.save              notify(@comment)          end  
57. class    before_filter              @comment                      @comment.user                              notify(@comment)                  respond_to              format.json  {  render               end          respond_to  do  |format|              format.json  {  render  json:  @comment  }          end  
58. class  CommentsController  <  AppController      before_filter  :authenticate!      def  create          @comment  =  Comment.new(params)          if  signed_in?              @comment.user  =  current_user          end          unless  @comment.save              notify(@comment)          end          respond_to  do  |format|              format.json  {  render  json:  @comment  }          end      end   end   * * * * *
59. class  Comment  <  ActiveRecord::Base      attr_accessible  :author_attributes,  :body            accepts_nested_attributes_for  :author      validates  :author,  :body,          :presence  =>  true,  :unless  =>  :notification?      before_validation  :no_create_when_closed,          :on  =>  :create,          :if  =>  :forum?   end
60. class  Comment  <  ActiveRecord::Base      attr_accessible  :author_attributes,  :body            accepts_nested_attributes_for  :author      validates  :author,  :body,          :presence  =>  true,  :unless  =>  :notification?      before_validation  :no_create_when_closed,          :on  =>  :create,          :if  =>  :forum?   end * * * *
61. class    attr_accessible            accepts_nested_attributes_for      validates              before_validation                   end    attr_accessible  :author_attributes,  :body
62. class    attr_accessible            accepts_nested_attributes_for      validates              before_validation                   end          accepts_nested_attributes_for  :author  
63. class    attr_accessible            accepts_nested_attributes_for      validates              before_validation                   end          validates  :author,  :body,          :presence  =>  true,  :unless  =>  :notification?  
64. class    attr_accessible            accepts_nested_attributes_for      validates              before_validation                   end    before_validation  :no_create_when_closed,          :on  =>  :create,          :if  =>  :forum?  
65. class  Comment  <  ActiveRecord::Base      attr_accessible  :author_attributes,  :body            accepts_nested_attributes_for  :author      validates  :author,  :body,          :presence  =>  true,  :unless  =>  :notification?      before_validation  :no_create_when_closed,          :on  =>  :create,          :if  =>  :forum?   end * * * *
66. .comment            =  textilize(@comment.body).safe_html              -­‐  type  =  comment.staff?  ?  :thumb  :  :default          =  image_tag  comment.image.url(type)          =  render_comment_link(@comment) .comment      .text          =  textilize(@comment.body).safe_html      .author          -­‐  type  =  comment.staff?  ?  :thumb  :  :default          =  image_tag  comment.image.url(type)          =  render_comment_link(@comment)
67. .comment            =  textilize(@comment.body).safe_html              -­‐  type  =  comment.staff?  ?  :thumb  :  :default          =  image_tag  comment.image.url(type)          =  render_comment_link(@comment) .comment      .text          =  textilize(@comment.body).safe_html      .author          -­‐  type  =  comment.staff?  ?  :thumb  :  :default          =  image_tag  comment.image.url(type)          =  render_comment_link(@comment) * * * *
68. .comment            =  textilize(@comment.body).safe_html              -­‐  type  =  comment.staff?  ?  :thumb  :  :default          =  image_tag  comment.image.url(type)          =  render_comment_link(@comment)        =  textilize(@comment.body).safe_html  
69. .comment            =  textilize(@comment.body).safe_html              -­‐  type  =  comment.staff?  ?  :thumb  :  :default          =  image_tag  comment.image.url(type)          =  render_comment_link(@comment)        -­‐  type  =  comment.staff?  ?  :thumb  :  :default  
70. .comment            =  textilize(@comment.body).safe_html              -­‐  type  =  comment.staff?  ?  :thumb  :  :default          =  image_tag  comment.image.url(type)          =  render_comment_link(@comment)                =  image_tag  comment.image.url(type)  
71. .comment            =  textilize(@comment.body).safe_html              -­‐  type  =  comment.staff?  ?  :thumb  :  :default          =  image_tag  comment.image.url(type)          =  render_comment_link(@comment)        =  render_comment_link(@comment)
72. Dispatch HTML / JSON
73. Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization
74. Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization Validation
75. Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization Validation Business Logic
76. Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization Validation Business Logic Persistance
77. Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization Validation Business Logic Persistance Rendering
78. Controller Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization Validation Business Logic Persistance Rendering
79. Controller Model Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization Validation Business Logic Persistance Rendering
80. Controller Model View Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization Validation Business Logic Persistance Rendering
83. Model View Controller
85. Trailblazer is a thin layer on top of Rails. It gently enforces encapsulation, an intuitive code structure and gives you an object- oriented architecture.
86. Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization Validation Business Logic Persistance Rendering
88. Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization Validation Business Logic Persistance Rendering
89. Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization Validation Business Logic Persistance Rendering
92. Dispatch HTML / JSON Authorization Validation Business Logic Persistance Rendering
94. class  CommentsController  <  AppController      def  create          run  Comment::Create      end   end  
96. class  Comment  <  ActiveRecord::Base      belongs_to  :author   end
98. %h3  All  Comments   =  render  @comments
100. = cell("comment/cell", @comment)
101. class  Comment::Cell  <  Cell::ViewModel      property  :body      def  show          render      end      private      def  avatar          image_tag  model.image.url      end   end  
102. .comment      .text          =  body      .author          =  avatar
103. class  Comment::Cell  <  Cell::ViewModel      property  :body      def  show          render      end      private      def  avatar          image_tag  model.image.url      end   end   .comment      .text          =  body      .author          =  avatar
104. class    property              render      end    private            image_tag  model.image.url       end   .comment      .text          =  body      .author          =  avatar    def  show          render      end  
105. class    property              render      end    private            image_tag  model.image.url       end   .comment      .text          =  body      .author          =  avatar    property  :body  
106.    def  avatar          image_tag  model.image.url      end   class    property              render      end    private            image_tag  model.image.url       end   .comment      .text          =  body      .author          =  avatar
108. class  Comment  <  ActiveRecord::Base      class  Create  <  Trailblazer::Operation          contract  do              property  :body              validates  :body,  presence:  true          end          def  process(params)              validate  do                  model.save                  notify!              end          end      end   end  
109. Operation Deserialization Validation Processing Persistance Post-processing Rendering
110. Operation Deserialization Validation Processing Persistance Post-processing Rendering
111. class  CommentsController  <  AppController      def  create          run  Comment::Create      end   end  
112. Operation Deserialization Validation Processing Persistance Post-processing Rendering
113. class            contract              property              validates                              validate                  model.save                  notify!                           end          contract  do              property  :body              validates  :body,  presence:  true          end  
114. { comment: { body: “RubyConf!” } }
115. class  CommentsController  <  AppController      def  create          run  Comment::Create.({comment:{                                            body:  “RubyConf!”                                        }})        end   end  
116. class            contract              property              validates                              validate                  model.save                  notify!                           end              validate  do              end  
117. Operation Deserialization Validation Processing Persistance Post-processing Rendering
118. class            contract              property              validates                              validate                  model.save                  notify!                           end          def  process(params)          end  
119. class  Comment  <  ActiveRecord::Base      class  Index  <  Trailblazer::Operation          include  Collection          def  model!(params)              Company.all          end      end   end
120. Operation Deserialization Validation Processing Persistance Post-processing Rendering
121. class            contract              property              validates                              validate                  model.save                  notify!                           end                  model.save  
122. class            contract              property              validates                              validate                                         end                Comment.create  body:  params[:body]  
123. class            contract              property              validates                               end   if  validate      Comment.create  body:  params[:body]   else      InvalidComment.create!   end  
124. Operation Deserialization Validation Processing Persistance Post-processing Rendering
125. Operation Deserialization Validation Processing Persistance Callbacks Rendering
126. class            contract              property              validates                              validate                  model.save                  notify!                           end                  notify!
127. class            contract              property              validates                              validate                           end   model.author  =  User.find(1)   contract.save
128. class            contract              property              validates                              validate                           end   genre  =  Genre.compute(model)
129. class            contract              property              validates                              validate                     genre! def  genre!      @genre  =  Genre.compute(model)   end
130. Operation Deserialization Validation Processing Persistance Post-processing Rendering
131. class  Comment  <  ActiveRecord::Base      class  Create  <  Trailblazer::Operation          include  Representer      end   end
132. op  =  Comment::Create.(      comment:  {          body:  "RubyConf!",      }   )
133. op.to_json   {      “comment”:      {          "body":  "RubyConf!"      }   }
134. class  Comment  <  ActiveRecord::Base      class  Create  <  Trailblazer::Operation          include  Representer            representer  do              property  :id              property  :body              link(:self)  {  comment_path(model)  }            end      end   end
135. op.to_json   {      "comment":      {          "id":  1,          "body":  "RubyConf!"          "links":          {              "self":  "/comments/1"          }      }   }
136. Reform Representable Roar Tyrant Disposable
138. class  Update  <  Create      contract  do          property  :body,  readonly:  true      end   end
140. Operation Deserialization Validation Processing Persistance Post-processing Rendering Authorization Authorization Authorization Authorization
141. class  Update  <  Create      policy  do          Permit.can?(:update,  model)      end   end
142. class  Update  <  Create      policy  do          model.owner  ==  current_user      end   end
143. class  Comment  <  ActiveRecord::Base      builds  do  |params|          Admin  if  params[:current_user].admin?      end      def  process(params)          #  user  action      end            class  Admin  <  self          def  process(params)              #  admin  action          end      end   end
145.            def  setup!(params)                  setup_params!(params)                  build_model!(params)              end
146. OPERATIONS EVERYWHERE
147. Controller class  CommentsController  <  AppController      def  create          run  Comment::Create      end   end
148. Workers class  BackgroundJob  <  Sidekiq::Worker      def  process          Comment::Create.(..)      end   end
149. Console irb$  Comment::Create.(..)
150. Tests describe  Comment      let(:comment)  do          Comment::Create.(..)      end   end
152. why not microservices?
153. Moving to microservices adds overheads: communication, deploy, logging, monitoring, etc. After you abstract something to a service, it is very hard to make it come back to the monolithic application. Have you considered using micro services in your startup? Fabiano Bezelga
154. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec api specs using dredd common auth web web views manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager /*
155. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec common auth web web views manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager /* browser web
156. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec common auth web web views manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager /* browser web single deploy
157. browser web browser web #  Gemfile  (web)   gem  'api' #  Gemfile  (web)   gem  'api',  github:  'user/api' #  Gemfile   path  'components'  do      gem  'api'      gem  'financial'      gem  'shop'      gem  'sales'   end
158. browser web browser web require  'manager_constraint'   require  'tenant_constraint'   Rails.application.routes.draw  do      constraints(ManagerConstraint.new)  do          root  'manager#index',  as:  :manager_root          resources  :tenants,  only:  [:index,  :create,  :put]      end      constraints(TenantConstraint.new)  do          get  'admin',  to:  "tenant#admin",  as:  :tenant_admin          root  'tenant#index',  as:  :tenant_root      end   end
159. browser web browser web require  'manager_constraint'   require  'tenant_constraint'   Rails.application.routes.draw  do      constraints(ManagerConstraint.new)  do          root  'manager#index',  as:  :manager_root          resources  :tenants,  only:  [:index,  :create,  :put]      end      constraints(TenantConstraint.new)  do          get  'admin',  to:  "tenant#admin",  as:  :tenant_admin          root  'tenant#index',  as:  :tenant_root      end   end ember:manager ember:admin ember:web
160. browser web browser web #  config/routes.rb   Rails.application.routes.draw  do      mount  API::Engine  =>  "/"   end
161. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec common auth web web views manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager /* browser web
162. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec common auth web web views manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager /* /manager browser web manager
163. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec common auth web web views manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager /* /admin browser web admin
164. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec common auth web web views manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager /* / /* web web views
165. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec common auth web web views manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager /* / /* web web views api /api
166. theme api browser web web views manager admin / /admin /manager /* / /* web web views api #  api/config/routes.rb   Rails.application.routes.draw  do      namespace  :api  do          namespace  :v1  do              resources  :invoices              resources  :things          end      end   end
167. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec common auth web web views manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager /* / /* web web views api /api/oauth auth
168. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec common auth web web views manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager / /shop web web views api /api/shop business common shop
169. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec common auth web web views manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager /* /admin/sales web api /api/sales business sales common admin
170. theme api financial sales shop business browser api-spec common auth web web manager admin /api /api/oauth /api/financial /api/sales /api/shop / /admin /manager /manager/financial web api /api/financial financial business common manager views
171. Fluxo
172. #  api/config/routes.rb   Rails.application.routes.draw  do      namespace  :api  do          namespace  :v1  do              resources  :invoices              resources  :things          end      end   end api
173. #  api/config/routes.rb   Rails    namespace          namespace              resources              resources               end #  api/controllers/api/v1/invoices_controller.rb   class  Api::V1::InvoicesController  <  ApiController      def  create          run  Financial::Invoice  #  from  `invoices`  gem      end   end            resources  :invoices   api financial
174. #  api/config/routes.rb   Rails    namespace          namespace              resources              resources               end #  api/controllers/api/v1/things_controller.rb   class  Api::V1::ThingsController  <  ApiController      def  create          run  Business::Thing::Create      end   end            resources  :things   api business
175. #  api/config/routes.rb   Rails    namespace          namespace              resources              resources               end class  Business::Thing  <  ActiveRecord::Base      class  Create          def  process(params)              #  here  we  call  different  objects  like              #  cart_params  =  Shop::Cart.buy!              #  Sales::Sale.create(cart_params)          end      end   end            resources  :things   api sales shop business
177. Travis CI consists of many different sub-projects. The main ones are: travis-api travis-api is the Sinatra app that's responsible for serving our API. It responds to different HTTP endpoints and runs services in travis-core. Very little logic is in this repository. travis-build travis-build creates the build script for each job. It takes the configuration from the .travis.yml file and creates a bash script that is then run in the build environment by travis-worker. travis-core travis-core holds most of the logic for Travis CI. This repository is shared across several other apps and holds the models, services, and other things that these apps need. travis-cookbooks travis-cookbooks holds the Chef cookbooks that are used to provision the build environments. travis-hub travis-hub collects events from other apps and notifies other apps about the events. For example, it notifies travis-tasks about builds starting and finishing so notifications can be sent out. travis-hub is also responsible for enqueueing jobs that have been created and enforcing the Quality of Service restrictions, such as the number of concurrent builds per user. travis-listener travis-listener receives notifications from GitHub whenever commits are pushed or pull requests are opened. They are then pushed onto RabbitMQ for other apps to process. travis-logs travis-logs receives log updates from travis-worker, saves them to the database and pushes them to the web client. When a job is finished, travis-logs is responsible for pushing the log to Amazon S3 for archiving. travis-support travis-support holds shared logic for the different Travis CI apps. It is different from travis-core in that it holds more generic things, like how to run an async job or how to handle exceptions. travis-tasks travis-tasks receives notifications from travis-hub and sends out notifications to the different notification providers as needed. travis-web travis-web is our main Web client. It is written using Ember and communicates with travis-api to get information and gets live updates from travis-hub and travis-logs through Pusher. travis-worker travis-worker is responsible for running the build scripts in a clean environment. It streams the log output to travis-logs and pushes state updates (build starting/finishing) to travis-hub.
178. Travis CI consists of many different sub-projects. The main ones are: travis-api travis-api is the Sinatra app that's responsible for serving our API. It responds to different HTTP endpoints and runs services in travis-core. Very little logic is in this repository. travis-build travis-build creates the build script for each job. It takes the configuration from the .travis.yml file and creates a bash script that is then run in the build environment by travis-worker. travis-core travis-core holds most of the logic for Travis CI. This repository is shared across several other apps and holds the models, services, and other things that these apps need. travis-cookbooks travis-cookbooks holds the Chef cookbooks that are used to provision the build environments. travis-hub travis-hub collects events from other apps and notifies other apps about the events. For example, it notifies travis-tasks about builds starting and finishing so notifications can be sent out. travis-hub is also responsible for enqueueing jobs that have been created and enforcing the Quality of Service restrictions, such as the number of concurrent builds per user. travis-listener travis-listener receives notifications from GitHub whenever commits are pushed or pull requests are opened. They are then pushed onto RabbitMQ for other apps to process. travis-logs travis-logs receives log updates from travis-worker, saves them to the database and pushes them to the web client. When a job is finished, travis-logs is responsible for pushing the log to Amazon S3 for archiving. travis-support travis-support holds shared logic for the different Travis CI apps. It is different from travis-core in that it holds more generic things, like how to run an async job or how to handle exceptions. travis-tasks travis-tasks receives notifications from travis-hub and sends out notifications to the different notification providers as needed. travis-web travis-web is our main Web client. It is written using Ember and communicates with travis-api to get information and gets live updates from travis-hub and travis-logs through Pusher. travis-worker travis-worker is responsible for running the build scripts in a clean environment. It streams the log output to travis-logs and pushes state updates (build starting/finishing) to travis-hub. api business common web componente componente
180. trailblazer
181. trailblazer
183. railsblocks
187. Obrigado! fernandes@zer1co.com fernandes celsovjf