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IRIと語彙 / IRI and Vocabularies

fumi
July 11, 2016
Technology
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IRIと語彙 / IRI and Vocabularies

2016-07-11 にリンクト・オープン・データ連続講座(東京) 第4回で話した内容

fumi

July 11, 2016
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Transcript

  1. *3*ͱޠኮ Ճ౻จ඙ ϦϯΫτɾΦʔϓϯɾσʔλɾΠχγΞςΟϒ ࠃཱ৘ใֶݚڀॴ -0%࿈ଓߨ࠲ୈճ

  2. ߨٛͷߏ੒ 2 ʢʣΦʔϓϯσʔλ͔Β-JOLFE 0QFO%BUB΁ ʢʣ3%'ʹΑΔ৘ใͷߏ଄Խ ʢʣ3%'4ͱ08- Φϯτϩδʔ঺հ ʢʣ*3*ͱޠኮ ʢʣ-0%ͷੜ੒ͱ41"32-ʹΑΔ ׆༻

    ʢʣ-0%γεςϜ࣮ફ঺հ -0%ͷ࿮૊ΈશମΛ঺հ ٕज़తͳجૅ஌ࣝ -0%ʹؔΘΔ ݸʑͷٕज़ͷ঺հ ࣮ྫͷ঺հ

  3. 63- 63*ͦͯ͠*3*

  4. None

  5. ϦϯΫ

  6. ϦϯΫ ϦϯΫ ຒΊࠐΈ ຒΊࠐΈ

  7. ϦϯΫ ϦϯΫ ຒΊࠐΈ ຒΊࠐΈ Ϧιʔε

  8. ࢿݯ Ϧιʔε w ΢Σϒʹ͓͚Δجຊͷந৅Խ w ͋ΒΏΔ΋ͷ͕Ϧιʔε w ΢Σϒϖʔδɼը૾ɼಈըɼɽɽ w 3%'Ϧιʔεهड़ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ

    w -0%࠷େͷϙΠϯτ͸zࣄ෺zΛϦιʔε ͱͯ͠΢Σϒۭؒʹ࣋ͬͯ͘Δ͜ͱ w ਓ෺ɼ૊৫ɼ୯ޠɼ֓೦ɼؔ ܎ɼɽɽɽ 8 ࢠڙ ࣥච ൃߦ೔ ஀ੜ೔ ग़൛ࣾ ॴࡏ஍

  9. BISFGlz IUUQMJOLFEPQFOEBUBKQ IUUQMJOLFEPQFOEBUBKQ Q BISFGlz JNHTSDlz IUUQMJOLFEPQFOEBUBKQXQDPOUFOUVQMPBET-0%*@MPHP@IQOH IUUQQFBUJYDPNFWFOU JNHTSDlz

  10. 6OJGPSN3FTPVSDF*EFOUJpFS 63* w ౷Ұࢿݯࣝผࢠ w ੈքதͰҰҙʹಛఆՄೳͳ໊લ w IUUQGVNJNF w IUUQGVNJNFGPBGNF

    w NBJMUPGVNJ!GVNJNF w UFM  10

  11. 63* 

  12. 63*  *40+1 ౦ژ౎ ޻ۀ౷ܭ঎඼෼ྨ Ո۩ɾ૷උ඼ '$౦ژ ӿຊୡ໵ IUUQXXXJTPPSHKQ IUUQXXXGDUPLZPDPKQQMBZFS

    IUUQXXXNFUJHPKQLPVHZPCVOSVJ

  13. 63*  *40+1 ౦ژ౎ ޻ۀ౷ܭ঎඼෼ྨ Ո۩ɾ૷උ඼ '$౦ژ ӿຊୡ໵ IUUQXXXJTPPSHKQ IUUQXXXGDUPLZPDPKQQMBZFS

    IUUQXXXNFUJHPKQLPVHZPCVOSVJ *%Λ63*ʹ͢ΔͱੈքͰ །Ұͷ໊લʹͳΔ

  14. -0%ͷݪଇ ୈճΑΓ 63* w ࣄ෺Λ63*Λ࢖໊ͬͯલ෇͚͠Α͏ w ࣄ෺ͷࢀর͕)55163*ͰͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͠Α͏ w 63*Λࢀরͨ͠ͱ͖ʹؔ࿈৘ใ͕खʹೖΔΑ͏ʹ͠Α͏ w

    ֎෦΁ͷϦϯΫ΋ؚΊΑ͏ 14

  15. )55163* 63* w IUUQ T Ͱ͸͡·Δ63* w -0%ݪଇͱ w ݟͨ໨63-ͱಉ౳͕ͩͦͷઌ͕΢Σϒϖʔδͱ͸ݶΒͳ͍

    15 IUUQIFBEMJOFTZBIPPDPKQIM BBTBIJTPDJZO%FUBJM TDIFNF BVUIPSJUZ QBUI RVFSZ GSBHNFOU

  16. 63*ͷ໰୊ 63* w 63*͸"4$**จࣈݶఆ w ΠϯλʔωοτͰ΍ΓऔΓ͢Δ͜ͱ͕લఏͷͨΊ w "VUIPSJUZ%/4ͷ؅׋ w 1BUI)551ͷ؅׋

    w ೔ຊޠυϝΠϯ໊΍೔ຊޠͷύε͸  w IUUQ೔ຊαοΧʔڠձKQ w IUUQKBECQFEJBPSHSFTPVSDF౦ژ౎ 16

  17. *OUFSOBUJPOBMJ[FE3FTPVSDF*EFOUJpFS *3* w ࠃࡍԽࢿݯࣝผࢠ w ΑΓࣗવݴޠʹ͍ۙࣝผࢠͱͯ͠"4$**͔Β6$4΁ w "VUIPSJUZࠃࡍԽυϝΠϯ໊ *%/ 

    w 1BUI65'จࣈྻ w ࠷৽ͷ-0%ؔ࿈࢓༷͸શͯ*3*Ͱ౷Ұ w ΑΓଟ͘ͷจࣈ͕ͦͷ··࢖͑Δ w աڈͷࢿྉ΋େ఍͸63*ͱ͍͏هड़Λ*3*ͱಡΈସ͑ͯྑ͍ 17

  18. *3* w ૬ޓม׵Մೳ w IUUQ೔ຊαοΧʔڠձKQIUUQYOMDLUBCOXLRLGRPCFDKQ w IUUQKBECQFEJBPSHSFTPVSDF౦ژ౎IUUQKBECQFEJBPSH SFTPVSDF&%#&#""$&#% w )551ͷ࣮૷ϨϕϧͰ͸*3*ͱ63*Λ۠ผ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍

    w ϒϥ΢β౳͸ΠϯλʔωοτͰ௨৴͢ΔͨΊʹ૬ޓม׵͍ͯ͠Δ w -JOLFE%BUB΍41"32-ͷ࣮૷Ͱ΋ؾΛ͚ͭΔඞཁ͕͋Δ 18 63*͔Β*3*΁

  19. -JOLFE%BUBͷݪଇ *3*൛ *3* w ࣄ෺Λ*3*Λ࢖໊ͬͯલ෇͚͠Α͏ w ࣄ෺ͷࢀর͕)551*3*ͰͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͠Α͏ w *3*Λࢀরͨ͠ͱ͖ʹؔ࿈৘ใ͕खʹೖΔΑ͏ʹ͠Α͏ w

    ֎෦΁ͷϦϯΫ΋ؚΊΑ͏ 19

  20. *3*ͷলུ *3*ͷলུ w *3*͸ͱʹ͔͘௕͍ͷͰলུه๏͕͋Δ w ઀಄ࣙϩʔΧϧ໊ w ྫIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFYςετFYςετ w γϦΞϥΠζܗࣜຖʹ઀಄ࣙఆٛͷจ๏͕͋Δ

    w 5VSUMF!QSFpYFYIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFY w 3%'9.-YNMOTFYlIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFYl w +40/-%l!DPOUFYUz\lFYzlIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFYl^ 20

  21. ઀಄ࣙ *3*ͷলུ w ࢓༷ͱͯ͠͸ɺ઀಄ࣙʹ͸Կ΋ҙຯ͕ͳ͍ w ৗʹলུ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍*3*ʹม׵͞Εͯղऍ͞ΕΔ w ઀಄ࣙͱ*3*ͷରԠ͕ਖ਼͚͠Ε͹઀಄ࣙͷจࣈྻ͸ͳΜͰ΋ྑ͍ w ୠ͠ɺྑ͘࢖ΘΕΔ*3*ʹ͸ྑ͘࢖ΘΕΔ઀಄͕ࣙ͋ΔͷͰͳΔ΂͘

    ଚॏͨ͠΄͏͕σʔλ΍ΫΤϦͷཧղ͕ૣ͍͠࢖͍ճ͕͖͘͠ 21

  22. QSFpYDD *3*ͷলུ w Α͘࢖ΘΕΔQSFpYͱ*3*ͷରԠؔ܎ΛϢʔβ౤ථͰॱҐ෇͚ w γϦΞϥΠζܗࣜຖͷهड़Λ"1*ͱͯ͠ར༻Մೳ w ྫ IUUQQSFpYDDSEG SEGT

    HFPpMFTQBSRM 22

  23. লུه๏Ͱ஫ҙ͢΂͖͜ͱ *3*ͷলུ w লུه๏ͱ׬શͳ*3*͸ߏ଄తʹ͸໌ࣔతʹ۠ผͰ͖ͳ͍ w ۠੾ΓจࣈΛ``ʹͨ͠ͷ͕ޭࡑ w FYςετͷղऍ w bFY`ͱ͍͏઀಄ࣙͱ`ςετ`ͷ૊Έ߹Θͤͷলུه๏

    w bFY`ͱ͍͏TDIFNFͷ*3* 23

  24. 5VSUMFͷ৔߹ *3*ͷলུ w ׬શͳ63*͸ͰғΉɽলུه๏͸Ͱғ·ͳ͍ w ˓IUUQYNMOTDPNGPBGOBNF GPBGOBNF w ʷGPBGOBNFlGPBGOBNFzͱ͍͏*3*ͩͱղऍ 24

  25. 3%'9.-ͷ৔߹ *3*ͷলུ w SEGBCPVU΍SEGSFTPVSDFͷΑ͏ͳ9.-ଐੑͷ஋ʹ͸*3*͔͠ॻ͚ͳ͍ w 9.-ཁૉʹ͸ٯʹলུه๏Ͱ͔͠ॻ͚ͳ͍ ߋʹจࣈͷ੍໿͋Γ  w ˓SEG%FTDSJQUJPOSEGBCPVUlIUUQYNMOTDPNGPBG

    1FSTPOz w ʷSEG%FTDSJQUJPOSEGBCPVUlGPBG1FSTPOz 25

  26. 3%'ͱ*3* *3* w 3%'͸جຊతʹ*3*ͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ w จࣈྻ͸*3*ʹඥͮ͘ͷͰಉ͡΋ͷʹର͢ΔଟݴޠԽͳͲ͕༰қ w FYλϩʔSEGTMBCFMlλϩʔz!KB l5BSPz!FO lเผือกz!UI

    w ϥϕϧ͸ಉ͡Ͱ΋ࣄ෺ͱͯ͠͸ҟͳΔͷΛ໌ࣔతʹ۠ผ w FYখژ౎SEGTMBCFMlখژ౎z!KBBEESQSFGFDUVSFlߴ஌ݝz w FYখژ౎SEGTMBCFMlখژ౎!KBBEESQSFGFDUVSFl௕໺ݝz 26

  27. 3%'ͱ*3*  *3* w σʔληοτΛލ͍ͩؔ܎هड़͕Մೳ w -0%ݪଇ w ֎෦ͷσʔλͱγʔϜϨεʹ࿈ܞ 27

    EDUFSNTDSFBUPS EDUFSNTDSFBUPS ਓ෺ GPBGLOPXT PXMTBNF"T ॻࢽ

  28. ϦιʔεͷಉҰؔ܎ 28 IUUQKBECQFEJBPSHSFTPVSDFՆ໨ᕸੴ ࣝผ ࣝผ IUUQJEOEMHPKQBVUIOEMOB

  29. IUUQKBECQFEJBPSHSFTPVSDFՆ໨ᕸੴ ࣝผ ࣝผ IUUQJEOEMHPKQBVUIOEMOB PXMTBNF"T !QSFpYPXMIUUQXXXXPSHPXM IUUQKBECQFEJBPSHSFTPVSDFՆ໨ᕸੴPXMTBNF"TIUUQJEOEMHPKQBVUIOEMOB ϦιʔεͷಉҰؔ܎ 29

  30. ΢Σϒͷجຊཁૉ http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/

  31. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime ࣝผ දݱ

  32. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime ࣝผ දݱ http://dbpedia.org/page/Matsuyama,_Ehime ࣝผ

  33. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime ࣝผ දݱ http://dbpedia.org/page/Matsuyama,_Ehime ࣝผ HTTPϦμΠϨΫτ

  34. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime ࣝผ දݱ දݱ

  35. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime දݱ ࣝผ දݱ http://dbpedia.org/data/Matsuyama,_Ehime.ttl http://dbpedia.org/page/Matsuyama,_Ehime ࣝผ ࣝผ HTTPϦμΠϨΫτ HTTPϦμΠϨΫτ

  36. ಺༰ંি $POUFOUOFHPUJBUJPO w ͋ΔϦιʔεʹର͢ΔදݱΛ)551ϦΫΤετͰંি͢Δ࢓૊Έ w )5.-ͱ9)5.- w +1&(ͱ47(ͷը૾ w -0%ݪଇ

    w )5.-΍3%'ͷγϦΞϥΠθʔγϣϯ 5VSUMF +40/-%ͳͲ 36

  37. 1. request /resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime 2. return an HTML document for /resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime

    http://dbpedia.org Web Browser % curl -LIH 'Accept: text/html' http://dbpedia.org/resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime HTTP/1.1 303 See Other Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2014 08:56:18 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 0 Connection: keep-alive Server: Virtuoso/07.10.3207 (Linux) x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu VDB Location: http://dbpedia.org/page/Matsuyama,_Ehime HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2014 08:56:18 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 109160 Connection: keep-alive Vary: Accept-Encoding Server: Virtuoso/07.10.3207 (Linux) x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu VDB Expires: Wed, 26 Mar 2014 08:47:42 GMT Link: <http://dbpedia.org/data/Matsuyama,_Ehime.rdf>; ……

  38. 2. return a turtle document for /resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime http://dbpedia.org LOD Agent

    % curl -LH 'Accept: text/turtle' http://dbpedia.org/resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime HTTP/1.1 303 See Other Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2014 08:57:55 GMT Content-Type: text/turtle; qs=0.7 Content-Length: 0 Connection: keep-alive Server: Virtuoso/07.10.3207 (Linux) x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu VDB Accept-Ranges: bytes TCN: choice Vary: negotiate,accept Link: <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/dbpedia/timegate/http://dbpedia.org/ resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime>; rel="timegate" Location: http://dbpedia.org/data/Matsuyama,_Ehime.ttl HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2014 08:57:56 GMT Content-Type: text/turtle; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 40704 Connection: keep-alive Server: Virtuoso/07.10.3207 (Linux) x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu VDB Expires: Wed, 26 Mar 2014 08:51:16 GMT Link: <http://dbpedia.org/data/Matsuyama,_Ehime.xml>; …… 1. request /resource/Matsuyama,_Ehime

  39. $PPM63*T*3*T $PPM63*T*3*T w Ϧιʔεࣝผࢠͱͯ͠ͷ*3*ͱϦιʔεදݱ จॻ ͷ*3*Λ۠ผ w ϦιʔεʹΞΫηεͨ͠ͱ͖͸ରԠ͢Δදݱ΁ৼΓ෼͚ w ݸผͷදݱ΁΋௚઀ΞΫηεՄೳ

    w ̎ͭͷ୅දతͳιϦϡʔγϣϯ w ϦμΠϨΫτ w ϋογϡ*3* w ϋΠϒϦου 39

  40. ϦμΠϨΫτ $PPM63*T*3*T w Ϧιʔε*3*Λࢀর͢Δͱɺ಺༰ંিޙʹద੾ͳϦιʔεදݱ*3*΁  4FF0UIFS ঢ়ଶίʔυͰϦμΠϨΫτ 40 IUUQECQFEJBPSHSFTPVSDF .BUTVZBNB

    @&IJNF IUUQECQFEJBPSHQBHF .BUTVZBNB @&IJNF IUUQECQFEJBPSHEBUB .BUTVZBNB @&IJNFUUM SFEJSFDU "DDFQUUFYUIUNM SFEJSFDU "DDFQUUFYUUVSUMF

  41. ϋογϡ*3* $PPM63*T*3*T w ``෇͖ͷ*3*Ϧιʔεࣝผࢠ w b`ͳ͠ͷ*3* ಺༰ંিͨ͠ޙʹ ϦιʔεදݱΛฦ౴ 41 0,

    "DDFQUUFYUIUNM 0, "DDFQUBQQMJDBUJPOSEG YNM IUUQXXXXPSH1FPQMF #FSOFST-FFDBSE ҎԼ࡟আ )5.-%PD 3%'9.-%PD IUUQXXXXPSH1FPQMF #FSOFST-FFDBSEJ

  42. 42 ϋογϡ*3*WTϦμΠϨΫτ w ϋογϡ*3*͕޲͍͍ͯΔ΋ͷ w ϑΝΠϧ಺Ͱఆ͍ٛͨ͠ͱ͖ྫ ޠኮఆٛ GPBG )5.- 3%'B

    w ͕޲͍͍ͯΔ΋ͷ w େ͖ͳσʔληοτͷͱ͖ྫ %#QFEJB w σʔλશମͷར༻ͷͨΊʹσʔλμϯϓ΍41"32-&OEQPJOU΋ఏڙ͢΂͖ w େ͖ͳσʔληοτͰ΋ϋογϡ*3*ϋΠϒϦουͰߦͬͨΓ͢Δͱ͖΋͋Δ͠ɺ ϑΝΠϧ಺ͰϋογϡͰ͸ͳ͍*3*Ͱఆٛ͢Δ͜ͱ΋͋ΔͷͰҰ֓ʹ͸ݴ͑ͳ͍ $PPM63*T*3*T

  43. *3*·ͱΊ *3* w ΢ΣϒͷࡾཁૉϦιʔεɺදݱɺ*3* w શͯ͸ϦιʔεͰ͋Γɺ*3*Ͱࣝผ w )551*3*΁ͷ)551ΞΫηεʹΑΓදݱΛऔಘ w -0%΢ΣϒͰࣄ෺΋ѻ͑ΔΑ͏ʹͨ͠΋ͷ

    w ࣄ෺Ϧιʔεͱࣄ෺දݱͷ*3*ࣝผͱ)551ॲཧ w ࣄ෺Ϧιʔεͷؔ܎Λ3%'දݱͰهड़ 43

  44. ޠኮ

  45. 3%'ʹ͓͚Δޠኮ ޠኮ w ༻ޠΫϥεͱϓϩύςΟ w ޠኮΫϥεͱϓϩύςΟͷू߹ w ΫϥεϦιʔε͕ଐ͢Δάϧʔϓ ෼ྨɾ֓೦ 

    w ϓϩύςΟϦιʔεͷଐੑɼϦιʔεؒͷؔ܎ 45

  46. εΩʔϚ ޠኮ w 3%'Ͱ༻͍ΔޠኮΛఆٛ͢Δํ๏ w 3%'4جຊతͳݴޠ w 08-ΑΓৄࡉʹ஌ࣝΛදݱ͢ΔͨΊͷݴޠ w ࣮ࡍʹ͸3%'4΍08-΋3%'ޠኮ

    08-͸ҟͳΔ͕ͦ͜Β͸ׂѪ 46

  47. Ϋϥε Ϋϥε w ϦιʔεͷάϧʔϓΛ࡞ΔͳΜΒ͔ͷ֓೦ w ܕ UZQF ͱ΋ݺͿ w ΠϯελϯεΫϥεʹଐ͢ΔϦιʔε

    w ྫ FYλϩʔSEGUZQFFYݘ w FYλϩʔ͕ΠϯελϯεɼFYݘ͕Ϋϥε w SEGUZQF͸සग़ͷͨΊγϦΞϥΠζܗࣜʹΑͬͯ͸ಛผͳه๏͋Γ w 5VSUMFB +40/-%!UZQF w ͋ΔΠϯελϯε͕ผͷΠϯελϯεͷΫϥεʹͳΔ͜ͱ΋Մೳ 47

  48. Ϋϥεͷ֊૚ߏ଄ Ϋϥε w Ϋϥε͸֊૚ߏ଄Λ࣋ͯΔ w ԼͷΫϥε͸্ͷΫϥεͰ΋͋Δ 48 FYݘSEGTTVC$MBTT0GFYಈ෺ FYλϩʔBFYݘ FYλϩʔBFYಈ෺

  49. ϓϩύςΟ ϓϩύςΟ w Ϧιʔεͷଐੑ΍Ϧιʔεؒͷؔ܎ w ϓϩύςΟ΋Ϧιʔε SEG1SPQFSUZͷΠϯελϯε  w ϓϩύςΟͷલޙʹ͘ΔϦιʔεͷΫϥεΛࢦఆՄೳ

    49 FYλϩʔFYMJLFFYϋφί FYMJLFBSEG1SPQFSUZSEGTEPNBJOFYಈ෺SEGTSBOHFSEGT3FTPVSDF

  50. ϓϩύςΟͷ֊૚ߏ଄ ϓϩύςΟ w ϓϩύςΟ΋֊૚ߏ଄Λ࣋ͯΔ 50 FYMPWFSEGTTVC1SPQFSUZ0GFYMJLF FYϋφίFYMPWFFYδϩʔ FYϋφίFYMJLFFYδϩʔ

  51. -JOLFE0QFO7PDBCVMBSJFT طଘޠኮ w IUUQMPWPLGOPSH w -0%Ͱ࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔޠኮ ʹ͍ͭͯͷσʔλϕʔε w 70"'7PDBCVMBSZPGB 'SJFOE

    51

  52. Α͘஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔطଘޠኮ طଘޠኮ w %VCMJO$PSF w '0"' w (&0 w $$

    w 7P*% w 4DIFNBPSH w 4,04 w %$"5 52

  53. %VCMJO$PSF %VCMJO$PSF w %VCMJO$PSF.FUBEBUB*OJUJBUJWFʹΑΔࡦఆ w ϦιʔεΛهड़͢ΔͨΊͷجຊޠኮ w ݩʑॻࢽ͔Β೿ੜ w %$.&4%VCMJO$PSF.FUBEBUB&MFNFOU4FU

    7FSTJPO w %$5&3.4%$.*.FUBEBUB5FSNT 53

  54. %VCMJO$PSF.FUBEBUB&MFNFOU4FU 7FSTJPO %VCMJO$PSF w l4JNQMF%VCMJO$PSFz w ͷجຊϓϩύςΟ w IUUQEVCMJODPSFPSHEPDVNFOUTEDFT 54

    !QSFpYEDIUUQQVSMPSHEDFMFNFOUT !QSFpYFYIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFY FYEDUJUMFϑΝΠϒελʔ෺ޠ EDEBUF EDDSFBUPSӬ໺ޢ

  55. %VCMJO$PSF 55 IUUQQVSMPSHEDFMFNFOUTUJUMF EDUFSNTIBT7FSTJPOIUUQEVCMJODPSFPSHVTBHFUFSNTIJTUPSZUJUMF EDUFSNTJTTVFE??IUUQXXXXPSH9.-4DIFNBEBUF EDUFSNTNPEJpFE??IUUQXXXXPSH9.-4DIFNBEBUF BSEG1SPQFSUZ SEGTDPNNFOU"OBNFHJWFOUPUIFSFTPVSDF!FO SEGTJT%FpOFE#ZIUUQQVSMPSHEDFMFNFOUT SEGTMBCFM5JUMF!FO

    TLPTOPUF"TFDPOEQSPQFSUZXJUIUIFTBNFOBNFBTUIJTQSPQFSUZIBTCFFOEFDMBSFE JOUIFEDUFSNTOBNFTQBDF IUUQQVSMPSHEDUFSNT 4FFUIF*OUSPEVDUJPOUPUIF EPDVNFOUa%$.*.FUBEBUB5FSNTa IUUQEVCMJODPSFPSHEPDVNFOUTEDNJUFSNT  GPSBOFYQMBOBUJPO!FO

  56. %$.*.FUBEBUB5FSNT %VCMJO$PSF w %$.&4ͷޙܧ w %$.&4ΛશͯҾ͖ܧ্͍ͩͰ ࠶ఆٛɾ֦ு 56 !QSFpYEDUFSNTIUUQQVSMPSHEDUFSNT !QSFpYFYIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFY

    FYEDUFSNTUJUMFϑΝΠϒελʔ෺ޠ EDUFSNTJTTVFElz EDUFSNTDSFBUPSFYӬ໺ޢ EDUFSNTQVCMJTIFSFY,"%0,"8"

  57. %VCMJO$PSF 57 EDUFSNTDSFBUPS EDUFSNTEFTDSJQUJPO&YBNQMFTPGB$SFBUPSJODMVEFBQFSTPO BOPSHBOJ[BUJPO PSB TFSWJDF!FO EDUFSNTIBT7FSTJPOIUUQEVCMJODPSFPSHVTBHFUFSNTIJTUPSZDSFBUPS5 EDUFSNTJTTVFE??IUUQXXXXPSH9.-4DIFNBEBUF EDUFSNTNPEJpFE??IUUQXXXXPSH9.-4DIFNBEBUF

    BSEG1SPQFSUZ SEGTDPNNFOU"OFOUJUZQSJNBSJMZSFTQPOTJCMFGPSNBLJOHUIFSFTPVSDF!FO SEGTJT%FpOFE#ZIUUQQVSMPSHEDUFSNT SEGTMBCFM$SFBUPS!FO SEGTSBOHFEDUFSNT"HFOU SEGTTVC1SPQFSUZ0GIUUQQVSMPSHEDFMFNFOUTDSFBUPS EDUFSNTDPOUSJCVUPS PXMFRVJWBMFOU1SPQFSUZIUUQYNMOTDPNGPBGNBLFS

  58. %$.&4WT%$5&3.4 %VCMJO$PSF w جຊతʹ͸ޙܧͰ͋Δ%$5&3.4Λ࢖͏΂͖ w ୠ͠ΑΓSBOHF͕ݫີʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺ͋͑ͯ%$.&4Λ࢖͏ਓ΋ w EDDSFBUPSWTEDUFSNTDSFBUPS 58

  59. '0"''SJFOEPGB'SJFOE '0"' w ਓʹ͍ͭͯͷޠኮ w ༗ࢤʹΑΔࡦఆ w IUUQXXXGPBGQSPKFDUPSH 59 !QSFpYGPBGIUUQYNMOTDPNGPBG

    !QSFpYEDUFSNTIUUQQVSMPSHEDUFSNT !QSFpYFYIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFY FYӬ໺ޢBGPBG1FSTPO GPBGOBNFӬ໺ޢ!KB .BNPSV/BHBOP!FO GPBGOJDLΫϦε!KB l$ISJTz!FO GPBGIPNFQBHFIUUQBVUPNBUJDqPXFSTOFKQ

  60. '0"'ͷεΩʔϚ 60 IUUQYNMOTDPNGPBGTQFDJOEFYSEG  SEGT$MBTTSEGBCPVUIUUQYNMOTDPNGPBG1FSTPOSEGTMBCFM1FSTPO SEGTDPNNFOU"QFSTPOWTUFSN@TUBUVTTUBCMF SEGUZQFSEGSFTPVSDFIUUQXXXXPSHPXM$MBTT PXMFRVJWBMFOU$MBTTSEGSFTPVSDFIUUQTDIFNBPSH1FSTPO PXMFRVJWBMFOU$MBTTSEGSFTPVSDFIUUQXXXXPSHTXBQQJN DPOUBDU1FSTPO

    SEGTTVC$MBTT0GPXM$MBTTSEGBCPVUIUUQYNMOTDPNGPBG"HFOU SEGTTVC$MBTT0G SEGTTVC$MBTT0GPXM$MBTTSEGBCPVUIUUQXXXXPSHHFP XHT@QPT4QBUJBM5IJOHSEGTMBCFM4QBUJBM5IJOHSEGTTVC$MBTT0G SEGTJT%FpOFE#ZSEGSFTPVSDFIUUQYNMOTDPNGPBG PXMEJTKPJOU8JUISEGSFTPVSDFIUUQYNMOTDPNGPBG0SHBOJ[BUJPO PXMEJTKPJOU8JUISEGSFTPVSDFIUUQYNMOTDPNGPBG1SPKFDU SEGT$MBTT

  61. HFP#BTJD(FP7PDBCVMBSZ HFP w جຊҐஔ৘ใޠኮੈքଌ஍ܥ 8(4  w IUUQXXXXPSHHFP 61 !QSFpYHFPIUUQXXXXPSHHFPXHT@QPT

    !QSFpYFYIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFY FYਆాສੈڮϏϧBHFP4QBUJBM5IJOH HFPMBU??YTEqPBU HFPMPOH??YTEqPBU

  62. ςΩετ HFPͷεΩʔϚ 62 IUUQXXXXPSHHFPXHT@QPT  SEGT$MBTTSEGBCPVUIUUQXXXXPSHHFPXHT@QPT4QBUJBM5IJOH SEGTMBCFM4QBUJBM5IJOHSEGTMBCFM SEGTDPNNFOU"OZUIJOHXJUITQBUJBMFYUFOU JFTJ[F TIBQF

    PSQPTJUJPO FHQFPQMF QMBDFT CPXMJOHCBMMT BTXFMMBTBCTUSBDUBSFBTMJLFDVCFT SEGTDPNNFOU SEGT$MBTT SEG1SPQFSUZSEGBCPVUIUUQXXXXPSHHFPXHT@QPTMBU SEGTEPNBJOSEGSFTPVSDFIUUQXXXXPSHHFPXHT@QPT4QBUJBM5IJOH SEGTMBCFMMBUJUVEFSEGTMBCFM SEGTDPNNFOU5IF8(4MBUJUVEFPGB4QBUJBM5IJOH EFDJNBMEFHSFFT SEGTDPNNFOU SEG1SPQFSUZ ஫ҙMBU MPOH BMUͷSEGTSBOHF͸YTEqPBU͕ͩ3%'9.-Ͱͷศ্ٓఆٛ͸আ͍ͯ͋Δͱ͋Δ

  63. ΫϦΤΠςΟϒɾίϞϯζ $SFBUJWF$PNNPOT w $$ϥΠηϯεΛهड़͢ΔͨΊͷޠኮ w $SFBUJWF$PNNPOT3JHIUT&YQSFTTJPO -BOHVBHF $$3&-  w

    $SFBUJWF$PNNPOTʹΑͬͯ؅ཧ w IUUQDSFBUJWFDPNNPOTPSH$D3&- 63 !QSFpYDDIUUQDSFBUJWFDPNNPOTPSHOT !QSFpYFYIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFY FY-0%࿈ଓߨٛ@ୈճ@ࢿྉDDBUUSJCVUJPO/BNF'VNJIJSP,BUP DDBUUSJCVUJPO63-IUUQGVNJNF DDMJDFOTFIUUQDSFBUJWFDPNNPOTPSHMJDFOTFTCZ

  64. ςΩετ $SFBUJWF$PNNPOTͷεΩʔϚ 64 SEGT$MBTTSEGBCPVUIUUQDSFBUJWFDPNNPOTPSHOT-JDFOTF SEGTMBCFMYNMMBOHFO64-JDFOTFSEGTMBCFM SEGTDPNNFOUYNMMBOHFO64BTFUPG SFRVFTUTQFSNJTTJPOTUPVTFSTPGB8PSL FHB DPQZSJHIUMJDFOTF UIFQVCMJDEPNBJO

    JOGPSNBUJPO GPSEJTUSJCVUPSTSEGTDPNNFOU SEGTTVC$MBTT0GSEGSFTPVSDFIUUQQVSMPSHEDUFSNT-JDFOTF%PDVNFOU SEGT$MBTT SEG1SPQFSUZSEGBCPVUIUUQDSFBUJWFDPNNPOTPSHOTMJDFOTF SEGTSBOHFSEGSFTPVSDFIUUQDSFBUJWFDPNNPOTPSHOT-JDFOTF SEGTEPNBJOSEGSFTPVSDFIUUQDSFBUJWFDPNNPOTPSHOT8PSL PXMTBNF"TSEGSFTPVSDFIUUQXXXXPSHYIUNMWPDBCMJDFOTF SEGTTVC1SPQFSUZ0GSEGSFTPVSDFIUUQQVSMPSHEDUFSNTMJDFOTF SEGTMBCFMYNMMBOHFO64IBT MJDFOTFSEGTMBCFM SEG1SPQFSUZ

  65. %FTDSJCJOH-JOLFE%BUBTFUTXJUIUIF7P*%7PDBCVMBSZ 7P*% w -0%ͷσʔληοτΛهड़͢ΔͨΊͷݴޠ 65 !QSFpYWPJEIUUQSEGTPSHOTWPJE !QSFpYIUUQKBECQFEJBPSHWPJEUUM %#QFEJB+"BWPJE%BUBTFU EDUFSNTUJUMF%#QFEJB+BQBOFTF!FO %#QFEJB+BQBOFTF!KB

    EDUFSNTEFTDSJQUJPO%#QFEJB+BQBOFTFQSPWJEFT3%'EBUBTFUTFYUSBDUFEGSPN+BQBOFTF8JLJQFEJB EDUFSNTDSFBUPSIUUQGVNJNFGPBGNF EDUFSNTQVCMJTIFS-0%"$ EDUFSNTDPOUSJCVUPS/** 30*4 %#QFEJB$PNNVOJUZ EDUFSNTTPVSDFIUUQKBECQFEJBPSHQBHF8JLJQFEJB EDUFSNTDSFBUFE??YTEEBUF EDUFSNTMJDFOTFIUUQDSFBUJWFDPNNPOTPSHMJDFOTFTCZTB GPBGIPNFQBHFIUUQKBECQFEJBPSH GPBGQBHFIUUQEBUBIVCJPEBUBTFUECQFEJBKB WPJETQBSRM&OEQPJOUIUUQKBECQFEJBPSHTQBSRM WPJEUSJQMFT WPJEGFBUVSFIUUQXXXXPSHOTGPSNBUT3%'@9.- IUUQXXXXPSHOTGPSNBUT/ IUUQ XXXXPSHOTGPSNBUT3%'B

  66. 7P*%ͷεΩʔϚ 66 WPJE%BUBTFUBSEGT$MBTT PXM$MBTT SEGTMBCFMEBUBTFU SEGTDPNNFOU"TFUPG3%'USJQMFTUIBUBSFQVCMJTIFE NBJOUBJOFEPSBHHSFHBUFECZB TJOHMFQSPWJEFS WPJE-JOLTFUBSEGT$MBTT PXM$MBTT

    SEGTMBCFMMJOLTFU SEGTDPNNFOU"DPMMFDUJPOPG3%'MJOLTCFUXFFOUXPWPJE%BUBTFUT SEGTTVC$MBTT0GWPJE%BUBTFU WPJETQBSRM&OEQPJOUBSEG1SPQFSUZ SEGTMBCFMIBTB41"32-FOEQPJOUBU SEGTEPNBJOWPJE%BUBTFU

  67. 4DIFNBPSH 4DIFNBPSH w ݕࡧΤϯδϯ֤͕ࣾڞಉͰ੔උ͢Δ ޿ൣғͷޠኮ w IUUQTDIFNBPSH 67 !QSFpYTDIFNBIUUQTDIFNBPSH !QSFpYFYIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFY

    FY(5.BTDIFNB.PWJF TDIFNBEJSFDUPSFYӬ໺ޢ TDIFNBBVUIPSFYӬ໺ޢ TDIFNBBDUPSFY઒ଜສསѨ TDIFNBQSPEVDUJPO$PNQBOZFYΦʔτϚνοΫɾϑϥϫʔζɾελδΦ TDIFNBQVCMJTIFSFY,"%0,"8" TDIFNBEBUF1VCMJTIFElz

  68. DVSM)"DDFQUBQQMJDBUJPOME KTPOIUUQTDIFNBPSH \ !DPOUFYU\ UZQF!UZQF  JE!JE  !WPDBCIUUQTDIFNBPSH 

    TDIFNBIUUQTDIFNBPSH  DBUIUUQXXXXPSHOTEDBU  DDIUUQDSFBUJWFDPNNPOTPSHOT  DOUIUUQXXXXPSHDPOUFOU  DUBHIUUQDPNNPOUBHPSHOT  EDIUUQQVSMPSHEDUFSNT  ʜ 4DIFNBPSH +40/-%DPOUFYU w +40/-%ʹ͓͚Δޠኮར༻ͷ࢓૊Έ 68 \ !DPOUFYUIUUQTDIFNBPSH  !UZQF.PWJF  EJSFDUPS\!JEIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFYӬ໺ޢ^  BVUIPS\!JEIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFYӬ໺ޢ^  BDUPS\!JEIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFY઒ଜສསѨ^  QSPEVDUJPO$PNQBOZ\!JEIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFYΦʔ τϚνοΫɾϑϥϫʔζɾελδΦ^  QVCMJTIFS\!JEIUUQFYBNQMFPSHFY֯઒ॻళ^  EBUF1VCMJTIFE ^

  69. 4DIFNBPSHͱଞͷޠኮ 4DIFNBPSH w ֎෦ޠኮͷ౷߹ w (PPE3FMBUJPOT w ֎෦ޠኮͷϗετ w IUUQYYYTDIFNBPSH

    w CJCMJPHSBQIZ BVUPNPCJMF  IFBMUIDBSFMJGFTDJFODF ʜ w طଘޠኮ͔ΒͷϚοϐϯά w '0"' %#QFEJB౳͸ରԠ 69

  70. http://xkcd.com/927/ XKCD (ը໘ͷΈ)

  71. طଘޠኮWTಠࣗޠኮ طଘޠኮWTಠࣗޠኮ " ઓུ  ͳΔ΂͘طଘޠኮΛར༻  ࢒ΓΛಠࣗʹޠኮఆٛ # ઓུ

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  72. ޠኮͷϚοϐϯά طଘޠኮWTಠࣗޠኮ w Ϋϥε͕ಉҰPXMFRVJWBMFOU$MBTT w ϓϩύςΟ͕ಉҰPXMFRVJWBMFOU1SPQFSUZ w αϒΫϥεSEGTTVC$MBTT0G w αϒϓϩύςΟSEGTTVC1SPQFSUZ0G

    w ٯؔ܎PXMJOWFSTF0G 72 EDUFSNTDSFBUPS SEGTTVC1SPQFSUZ0GIUUQQVSMPSHEDFMFNFOUTDSFBUPS EDUFSNTDPOUSJCVUPS PXMFRVJWBMFOU1SPQFSUZIUUQYNMOTDPNGPBGNBLFS

  73. 4JNQMF,OPXMFEHF0SHBOJ[BUJPO4ZTUFN 4,04 w ֓೦֊૚ͷهड़༻ޠኮ w 8$קࠂ w γιʔϥεɼλΫιϊϛɼ෼ྨɼ໊݅ඪ໨ɼτϐοΫ w ֊૚ؔ܎͕ݫີͰͳ͍ԼҐ֓೦ͷ΋ͷ্͕Ґ֓೦΋ຬͨ͢ͱ͸ݶΒͳ͍

    w TLPTCSPBEFS TLPTOBSSPXFS TLPTSFMBUFE w ͜ΕΒʹ͸ਪҠؔ܎͕ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ w ਪҠؔ܎͕ඞཁͳΒ͹YYYY5SBOTJUJWFΛ༻͍Δ 73

  74. ҟͳΔ֓೦֊૚ؒͷϚοϐϯά 4,04 w ಉ౳ͷ֓೦TLPTFYBDU.BUDI w ͍ۙ֓೦TLPTDMPTF.BUDI w ؔ܎͕͋Δ֓೦TLPTSFMBUFE.BUDI w ޿͍֓೦TLPTCSPBE.BUDI

    w ڱ͍֓೦TLPTOBSSPX.BUDI 74

  75. TLPTFYBDU.BUDIWTPXMTBNF"T 4,04 w PXMTBNF"T͸ೋͭͷϦιʔε͕·ͬͨ͘ಉ͡Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͏ؔ܎ w 08-ͷॲཧܥʹΑΓೋͭͷϦιʔεؒͷτϦϓϧ͸౷߹͞ΕΔ w ଟ͘ͷ৔߹͸͜Ε͸๬·͍݁͠ՌͰ͸ͳ͍ w PXMTBNF"TΛ༻͍Δͷ͸৻ॏʹ

    75

  76. !QSFpYTLPTIUUQXXXXPSHTLPTDPSF ʜ IUUQJEOEMHPKQBVUIOEMTI  SEGUZQFIUUQXXXXPSHTLPTDPSF$PODFQU  EDUNPEJpFE5  EDUDSFBUFE 

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  77. ςΩετ 4,04ͷεΩʔϚ 77 IUUQXXXXPSH53TLPTSFGFSFODFTLPTSEG  SEG%FTDSJQUJPOSEGBCPVUCSPBEFS SEGTMBCFMYNMMBOHFOIBTCSPBEFSSEGTMBCFM SEGTJT%FpOFE#ZSEGSFTPVSDFIUUQXXXXPSHTLPTDPSF TLPTEFpOJUJPOYNMMBOHFO3FMBUFTBDPODFQUUPBDPODFQUUIBUJTNPSFHFOFSBMJO NFBOJOHTLPTEFpOJUJPO

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    w IUUQXXXEBUBHPKQ 78

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  80. ڞ௨ޠኮج൫੔උࣄۀ ڞ௨ޠኮج൫ 80

  81. *.*ڞ௨ޠኮͱ͸ ڞ௨ޠኮج൫ w ߏ଄Խ֓೦ࣙॻ w ֓೦ͷදهͱͯ͠ͷ༻ޠ w Ϋϥε֓೦ͱؔ܎֓೦ w ্ҐԼҐؔ܎

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  82. *.*ڞ௨ޠኮͷߏ଄ 82 ਓܕ ɹࢯ໊ ɹੑผ ɹੑผίʔυ ɹੜ೥݄೔ ɹॅॴ ɹɹʜ ࢯ໊ܕ

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  83. ༻ޠͱߏ଄ͷϚοϐϯά 83 ˓ʷձٞࢀՃొ࿥ ࢯ໊ɿɹ ॅॴɿ ੑผɿɹɹɹ ۈ຿ઌɿ ۈ຿ઌॅॴɿ ࢀՃ೔ɿɹɹɹ೥ɹɹ݄ɹɹ೔ உʗঁ

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  84. εΩʔϚͷςϯϓϨʔτͱͯ͠ͷڞ௨ޠኮ 84 ˓ʷձٞࢀՃొ࿥ ࢯ໊ɿɹ ॅॴɿ ੑผɿɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹ ۈ຿ઌɿ ۈ຿ઌॅॴɿ ࢀՃ೔ɿɹɹɹɹ೥ɹɹ݄ɹɹ೔ உʗঁ

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  85. URL ڞ௨ޠኮج൫ͷߏ଄ w ৘ใަ׵ͷͨΊͷ༻ޠ࿈ܞΠϯλϑΣʔε͸ɺࣾձશମͰ࢖ΘΕΔ༻ޠͰ͋Δ ίΞޠኮɺڞ௨ޠኮٴͼυϝΠϯݻ༗ޠኮ͔Βߏ੒͞ΕΔɻ 85 ίΞ ޠኮ υϝΠϯݻ༗ޠኮ ֤෼໺Ͱͷར༻ʹಛԽͨ͠ޠኮɻ

    ྫʣ೶࡞ۀɺ඼छɹͳͲ ࢢ৔ ॅॴ පӃ Ӻ ࡂ֐ ෮چඅ υϝΠϯڞ௨ޠኮ ෼໺ݻ༗ͷޠኮͷ಺ɺଞͷ෼໺Ͱ ΋ࢀর͢Δओཁͳޠኮɻ ྫʣ঎ళɺපӃɺ৯඼໊ɹͳͲ ίΞޠኮ Ͳͷ෼໺Ͱ΋ར༻͞ΕΔීวతͳޠኮɻ ྫʣਓɺ෺ɺ৔ॴɺࢪઃɺ೔෇ɹͳͲ ஍ཧۭؒ ɾࢪઃ Ҡಈ ɾަ௨ ೶ۀ ࡒ຿ υϝΠϯ ݻ༗ޠኮ υϝΠϯ ڞ௨ޠኮ طଘͷۀքɾاۀ಺ޠኮ ରԠදͰ༻ޠͷஔ͖׵͑Λ͢Δ͜ͱΛجຊͱ͢ΔͷͰɺ֤૊ ৫͸طଘͷ༻ޠମܥΛมߋ͢Δඞཁ͕ແ͍

  86. ڞ௨ޠኮج൫ίΞޠኮ 86 http://imi.ipa.go.jp/ns/core/Core231.html

  87. ڞ௨ޠኮج൫ར༻ͷ࢓૊Έ 87 ֓೦Ϟσϧ ֓೦Ϟσϧఆٛ ෺ཧܗࣜม׵ ༻్ʹ߹Θͤͯར༻ Φʔϓϯσʔλ༻εΩʔϚ • ؇͍ఆٛ •

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  90. ·ͱΊ w΢ΣϒͰ͸શ͕ͯϦιʔεͰ͋Γ*3*͸ͦͷࣝผࢠ w*3*΁ͷΞΫηεͰϦιʔεͷදݱΛऔಘՄೳ wޠኮͱ͸ΫϥεͱϓϩύςΟͷू߹ wطଘޠኮͱಠࣗޠኮͷ࢖͍෼͚ w*3*ͱޠኮͰ࠶ར༻Մೳͳσʔλ͕࡞੒Մೳ 90